Advanced techniques in image-guided brain and spine surgery PDF
Preview Advanced techniques in image-guided brain and spine surgery
12851FM.pgs 2/28/02 10:50 AM Page i Advanced Techniques in Image-Guided Brain and Spine Surgery 12851FM.pgs 2/28/02 10:50 AM Page ii 12851FM.pgs 2/28/02 10:50 AM Page iii Advanced Techniques in Image-Guided Brain and Spine Surgery Isabelle M. Germano, M.D., F.A.C.S. Associate Professor of Neurosurgery and Neurology Director of Functional and Stereotaxy Department of Neurosurgery Mount Sinai School of Medicine New York, New York Thieme New York • Stuttgart 12851FM.pgs 2/28/02 10:50 AM Page iv Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Ave. New York, NY 10001 Editor: Felicity Edge Editorial Assistant: Diane Sardini Director, Production and Manufacturing: Anne Vinnicombe Production Editor: Becky Dille Marketing Director: Phyllis Gold Sales Manager: Ross Lumpkin Chief Financial Officer: Peter van Woerden President: Brian D. Scanlan Compositor: Compset, Inc. Printer: Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing Group Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the publisher. Copyright © 2002 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. This book, including all parts thereof, is legally protected by copyright. Any use, exploitation or commercial- ization outside the narrow limits set by copyright legislation, without the publisher’s consent, is illegal and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to Photostat reproduction, copying, mimeographing or duplication of any kind, translating, preparation of microfilms, and electronic data processing and storage. Important note:Medical knowledge is ever-changing. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug therapy may be required. The authors and editors of the material herein have consulted sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide information that is complete and in accord with the standards accepted at the time of publication. However, in the view of the possibility of human error by the authors, editors, or publisher, of the work herein, or changes in medical knowledge, neither the authors, editors, or publisher, nor any other party who has been involved in the preparation of this work, warrants that the information contained herein is in every respect accurate or complete, and they are not responsible for any errors or omissions or for the results ob- tained from use of such information. Readers are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example, readers are advised to check the product information sheet included in the package of each drug they plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in this publication is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This recommendation is of particular im- portance in connection with new or infrequently used drugs. Some of the product names, patents, and registered designs referred to in this book are in fact registered trademarks or proprietary names even though specific ref- erence to this fact is not always made in the text. Therefore, the appearance of a name without designation as proprietary is not to be construed as a representation by the publisher that it is in the public domain. Printed in the United States of America 5 4 3 2 1 TMP ISBN1–588910–067–3 GTV ISBN 3 13 131521 0 12851FM.pgs 2/28/02 10:50 AM Page v Contents Contributors............................................................................................................. vii Preface...................................................................................................................... xi Dedication................................................................................................................. xii Acknowledgments..................................................................................................... xiii PART I PRINCIPLES AND TECHNOLOGY 1. Historical Perspective of Image-Guided Neurosurgery................................. 2 2. Sources of Error in Image Registration for Cranial Image-Guided Neurosurgery.................................................................................................... 10 3. Spinal Registration Accuracy and Error.......................................................... 37 4. The Optical Digitizer....................................................................................... 45 5. The Mechanical Arm System........................................................................... 54 6. The Magnetic System....................................................................................... 60 7. The Passive Navigational System..................................................................... 68 8. Image-Guided Neurosurgery Combining Mechanical Arm and Optical Digitizer............................................................................................... 73 9. Videotactic Surgery.......................................................................................... 80 10. Endoscopic Image-Guided Surgery................................................................. 87 11. Robotic Microscopes........................................................................................ 98 12. Image-Guided Robotic Radiosurgery............................................................. 107 PART IIA CRANIAL APPLICATIONS 13. Image-Guided Brain Biopsy............................................................................. 116 14. Cerebrovascular Applications of Image-Guided Surgery............................... 121 15. Image-Guided Brain Tumor Resection........................................................... 132 16. Intraoperative Image Update by Interface with Ultrasound.......................... 141 17. Intraoperative Image Update by Magnetic Resonance Imaging.................... 146 18. Image-Guided Epilepsy Surgery...................................................................... 156 19. New Directions in Atlas-Assisted Stereotactic Functional Neurosurgery...... 162 PART IIB SPINAL APPLICATIONS 20. Image-Guided Cervical Instrumentation........................................................ 176 21. Thoracic Instrumentation: Stereotactic Navigation for Placement of Pedicle Screws in the Thoracic Spine......................................................... 182 v 12851FM.pgs 2/28/02 10:50 AM Page vi vi TABLE OF CONTENTS 22. Image Guidance for Scoliosis.......................................................................... 191 23. Image-Guided Lumbar Instrumentation......................................................... 197 24. Computer-Assisted Image-Guided Fluoroscopy (Virtual Fluoroscopy)........ 207 25. Controversies in Image-Guided Spine Surgery............................................... 218 Index......................................................................................................................... 224 12851FM.pgs 2/28/02 10:50 AM Page vii Contributors John R. Adler, Jr., M.D. William E. Bingaman, Jr., M.D. Professor of Neurosurgery Head–Section of Epilepsy Surgery Department of Neurosurgery Cleveland Clinic Foundation Stanford University School of Medicine Cleveland, Ohio Stanford, California Richard Bucholz, M.D. Gene H. Barnett, M.D. Professor of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery Division of Neurosurgery Cleveland Clinic Foundation Saint Louis University School of Medicine Cleveland, Ohio Saint Louis, Missouri Christopher J. Barry, M.D. Steven D. Chang, M.D. Resident Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery The University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics Stanford University School of Medicine Iowa City, Iowa Stanford, California Joshua B. Bederson, M.D. Gordon Dandie, M.D., B.S., F.R.A.C.S. Professor and Vice Chairman Division of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery Toronto Western Hospital Mount Sinai School of Medicine Toronto, Ontario New York, New York Canada Alim-Louis Benabid, M.D. David Dean, Ph. D. Department of Clinical Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery and Biological Neurosciences Case Western Reserve University Joseph Fourier University of Grenoble University Hospitals of Cleveland Hopital A. Michallon Cleveland, Ohio Grenoble, France Mitchel S. Berger, M.D. Harel Deutsch, M.D. Professor and Chairman Neurosurgery Resident Department of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery University of California at San Francisco Mount Sinai School of Medicine San Francisco, California New York, New York vii 12851FM.pgs 2/28/02 10:50 AM Page viii viii CONTRIBUTORS Rudolf Fahlbusch, M.D. Charles Joseph Hodge, Jr., M.D. Professor and Chairman Department of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery SUNY Health Science Center at Syracuse University Erlangen-Nuremberg Syracuse, New York Erlangen, Germany J. Patrick Johnson, M.D. Michael G. Fehlings, M.D., Ph.D., F.R.C.S.C. Co-director Professor of Neurosurgery Cedars Sinai Institute for Spinal Disorders Division of Neurosurgery Los Angeles, California Toronto Western Hospital Toronto, Ontario Iain H. Kalfas, M.D. Canada Head, Section of Spinal Surgery Department of Neurosurgery Kevin T. Foley, M.D. Cleveland Clinic Foundation Associate Professor of Neurosurgery Cleveland, Ohio Department of Neurosurgery Dean Karahalios University of Tennessee, Memphis Memphis, Tennessee Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery Evanston Northwest Hospital Oliver Ganslandt, M.D. Evanston, Illinois Department of Neurosurgery University Erlangen-Nuremberg G. Evren Keles, M.D. Erlangen, Germany Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery Isabelle M. Germano, M.D., F.A.C.S. University of California at San Francisco Associate Professor of Neurosurgery and Neurology San Francisco, California Department of Neurosurgery Mount Sinai School of Medicine Kee D. Kim, M.D. New York, New York Assistant Professor Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery Iris C. Gibbs, M.D. University of California–Davis School of Medicine Assistant Professor of Radiation Oncology Sacramento, California Department of Radiation Oncology Stanford University Hospital Wesley A. King, M.D. Stanford, California Associate Professor Department of Neurosurgery Philip L. Gildenberg, M.D., Ph.D. Mount Sinai School of Medicine Clinical Professor New York, New York Departments of Neurosurgery and Radiation Oncology Seiji Kondo, M.D. Baylor Medical College Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery Houston, Texas Department of Neurosurgery Mount Sinai School of Medicine Elad J. Hadar, M.D. New York, New York Assistant Professor Head, Section of Epilepsy Surgery Eric L. Lapresto, M.S. Division of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery University of North Carolina Cleveland Clinic Foundation Chapel Hill, North Carolina Cleveland, Ohio Peter Heilbrun, M.D. Michael A. Lefkowitz, M.D. Professor of Neurosurgery Fellow Department of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery Stanford University University of Tennessee, Memphis Stanford, California Memphis, Tennessee 12851FM.pgs 2/28/02 10:50 AM Page ix CONTRIBUTORS ix Jae Y. Lim, M.D. Stephen M. Papadopulos, M.D. Sacred Heart Medical Center Department of Neurosurgery Spokane, Washington Barrow Neurosurgical Associates Phoenix, Arizona Robert J. Maciunas, M.D. Professor of Neurosurgery Naresh P. Patel, M.D. Department of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery Case Western Reserve University Mayo Clinic-Arizona University Hospitals of Cleveland Scottsdale, Arizona Cleveland, Ohio Torsten Rohlfing, Ph. D. David P. Martin, M.D. Postdoctoral Research Fellow Clinical Associate Professor of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery Stanford University Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, California Stanford, California Daniel Rueckert, Ph.D. Christopher R. Mascott, M.D., F.R.C.S. Lecturer Professor of Neurosurgery Department of Computing Paul-Sabatier University Imperial College CHU-Toulouse/Rangueil London, England Toulouse, France Timothy C. Ryken, M.D. Calvin R. Maurer, Jr., Ph. D. Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery Stanford University The University of Iowa College of Medecine Stanford, California Iowa City, Iowa Kensaku Mori, Ph. D. Amit Y. Schwartz, M.D. Associate Professor Neurosurgery Resident Department of Computational Science Department of Neurosurgery and Engineering Mount Sinai School of Medicine Nagoya University New York, New York Nagoya, Aichi Japan Ramin Shahidi, Ph. D. Christopher Nimsky, M.D. Assistant Professor Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery Department of Neurosurgery Stanford University University Erlangen-Nuremberg Stanford, California Erlangen, Germany Adnan H. Siddiqui, M.D. Wieslaw L. Nowinski, D.Sc., Ph.D. Neurosurgery Resident Director Department of Neurosurgery Biomedical Imaging Lab SUNY Health Science Center at Syracuse Kent Ridge Digital Labs Syracuse, New York Singapore, Japan Lisa Tansey, M.D. Stephen L. Ondra, M.D. Image-Guidance Engineer Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery Department of Neurological Surgery Department of Neurosurgery Case Western Reserve University Northwestern University School of Medicine University Hospitals of Cleveland Chicago, Illinois Cleveland, Ohio
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