Advanced Research on Animal Cell Technology PDF
Preview Advanced Research on Animal Cell Technology
Advanced Research on Animal Cell Technology NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics London and New York C Mathematical Kluwer Academic Publishers and Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston and London D Behavioural and Social Sciences E Applied Sciences F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag G Ecological Sciences Berlin, Heidelberg, New York, London, H Cell Biology Paris and Tokyo Series E: Applied Sciences - Vol. 156 Advanced Research on Animal Cell Technology edited by Alain O. A. Miller Universite de l'Etat a Mons, Faculte de Medecine, Service de Biochimie Moleculaire et Unite de Biotechnologie Appliquee, Mons, Belgium Kluwer Academic Publishers Dordrecht I Boston I London Published in cooperation with NATO SCientific Affairs Division Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Advances in Animal Cell Technology Brussels, Belgium September 21-24, 1987 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data NATO Advanced Research ~orkshop on "Advances in Animal Cell Technology" (1987: Brussels, Belgium) Advanced research on animal cell technology! editor, Alain O.A. Mi ller. p. cm. -- (NATO ASI series. Series E, Applied sciences: no. 156) 1. Animal cell biotechnology--Congresses. 2. Cytology- -Congresses. 1. Mi ller, Alain O. A., 1936- II. Title. III. Serles. TP248.27.A53N37 1987 660' .6--dc19 88-13841 CIP lSBN-13: 978-94-010-6881-9 e-lSBN-13: 978-94-009-0875-8 DOl: 10,1007/978-94-009-0875-8 Published by Kluwer Academic Publishers, P,O. Box 17, 3300 AA Dordrecht, The Netherlands. Kluwer Academic Publishers incorporates the publishing programmes of D. Reidel, Martinus Nijhoff, Dr W. Junk, and MTP Press. Sold and distributed in the U.S.A. and Canada by Kluwer Academic Publishers, 101 Philip Drive, Norwell, MA 02061, U.S.A. In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322,3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands. All Rights Reserved © 1989 by Kluwer Academic Publishers. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. TABLE OF CONTENTS Ackr.lOwledgements IX Part I. CELL-CELL COMMUNICATION AND CELL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX INTERACTIONS Extracellular Matrix and Cell Differentiation J.M. Foidart, A. Noel, H. Emonard, B. Nusgens and Ch.M. lapiere 3 Structure and Function of the Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans G. David 15 Role Played by Gap Junctions in Cell-Cell Communication D.F. HUlser 25 Fibronectin-Mediated Cellular (Inter)actions B. de Strooper, M. Jaspers, F. van Leuven, H. van den Berghe and J.-J. Cassiman 39 Part I!. "NORMAL" VERSUS "ABNORMAL" CELLS 63 Use of Cell Lines in Biotechnology J.C. Petricciani 65 Why Not Use Primary Cells? C. Remacle, B. Amory, P. Gilon, F. Gregoire, N. Hauser, B. Herbert, D. Masquelier, J.l. Mourmeaux, B. Reusens, B. Schellen and l. Ska 75 Part III. LARGE SCALE CULTIVATION OF ANIMAL CELLS 93 Technology of Mass Cultivation: An Overview R.E. Spier 95 Cell Culture in Hollow Fibre Bioreactors O.T. Schonherr 107 Perfusion Culture W.R. Tolbert and C.P. Prior 119 Good Manufacturing Practice in the Production of Biologicals by Cell Cultures V.G. Edy 147 Biosensors L.D. Gray Stephens 157 Part IV. ANALYSIS OF THE CELL'S BEHAVIOUR 173 Effects of Retinoids on Growth and Differentiation M.I. Sherman 175 Phosphoinositide Metabolism and Control of Cell Proliferation c.w. Taylor IB7 Somatic Cell Genetic Analysis of Growth Control J. Szpirer, M.Q. Islam, G. Levan and C. Szpirer 201 Promoter Organization of Eukaryotic Protein-Coding Genes C. Kedinger, H. Boeuf, D. Zajchowski, P. Jalinot, C. Hauss, B. Devaux, G. Albrecht and P. Jansen-Durr 215 Part V. MODIFICATION OF THE CELL GENOME 231 Tailoring of an Anti-Human Placental Alkaline Phosphatase Immunoglobulin Using Genetic Engineering A. van de Voorde, V. Feys, P. de Waele, P. Casneuf, W. Fiers 233 Vaccinia Virus as an Expression Vector R. Drillien 251 Expression and Integration of Exogenous DNA Sequences Transfected into Mammalian Cells F. Colbere-Garapin, M.L. Ryhiner and A.C. Garapin 261 Cooperation of Oncogenes in Malignant Transformation D. Stehelin 277 Part VI. APPLICATIONS OF ANIMAL CELL CULTURES 301 Molecular Dissection of the Cell Cycle R. Baserga 303 Use of Microbeads for Cell Transplantation J.R. Chowdhury, N.R. Chowdhury, A.A. Demetriou and J.M. Wilson 315 Influence of Epigenetic Factors on Epidermal Differentiation and Morphogenesis M. Prunier as 329 vii The Characterization of Fibroblast Growth Factor and Its Biological Effect In Vitro and In Vivo D.J. Gospodarowicz and G. Neufeld 345 Culture of Hybridomas - A Survey O.-W. Merten 367 Applications of Chromatography in Downstream Processing E. Boschetti 401 General discussIon 419 A [ K NOW LED G F MEN T 5 The Director of the Advanced Research Workshop wishes to express his appreciat iorl for Lhf' sponsorship of the NorLh Atlantic Treat) Organizatlon and the financial support of the following organizations: Athena Programme Organon Internatlonal BV Becton Dickinson Pharmacia Belga Credit Communal de Belgique Setric Genie Industriel Diosynth BV Smith Kline-RIT Fonds National de la Solvay et cie Recherche Scientifiquf' Ville de Bruxelles Generale de Ranque ix Part I. Cell-Cell Communication and Cell Extracellular Matrix Interactions EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX AND CELL DIFFERENTIATION J.M. FOI DART , A. NOEL, H. EMONARD, B. NUSGENS and Ch.M. LAPIERE Laboratory of Pathophysiology of Pregnancy and Experimental Dermatology University of Liege - C.H.U., Sart-Tilman (B 23), B 4000 Liege (Belgium). Epithelial-mesenchymal interactions are believed to be an important factor determining tissue form and function (1-3) with each adjacent tissue influencing the others differentiation and maintenance. By placing epithelial and stromal cells on opposite sides of a filter, Grobstein (1955)(4) showed that factors secreted by one type of cell were active in changing the synthetic activity of the other cell type. Many studies indicate that these components may include matrix molecules (5-8). Epithelial and stromal tissues contain distinct extracellular matrices composed of specific collagens, glycoproteins and proteoglycans. Epithelial cells abut on basement membranes composed of type IV collagen, laminin, entactin and a heparan sulfate proteoglycan (9). Laminin is a large basement membrane glycoprotein that binds to type IV collagen,entactin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan and to the cell surface via at least two types of specific membrane receptors (10-14). It is a multifunctional protein with diverse biological activities. Like fibronectin, it influences cell adhesion, growth, morphology, differentiation, migration and agglutination as well as the deposition and assembly of the extracellular matrix (15). Laminin primarily affects cells of epithelial origin while fibronectin acts preferentially on mesenchymal cell activities (15, 16). Fibroblasts abut on matrices containing types I and III collagen, fibronectin, and small chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (8, 17). Fibronectin binds to all collagen types as well as to glycosaminoglycans and to receptors on the surface of various cells including fibroblasts, myoblasts, hepatocytes, and glial cells (1, 18, 19). Fibronectin can influence the attachment and shape of the cells and cell differentiation (8, 17). It has also been shown to promote cell growth, motility, and matrix production (6,20-23). Interactions between cells and these matrix molecules have been characterized in culture by exposing primary cultures or established cell lines to defined components. Monolayer cell cultures on plastic impose an abnormal environment and thus induce "nonphysiologic", morphologic, and biosynthetic properties of cells. Studies in vitpo of cell-matrix interactions require culture conditions reproducing at best environments found in vivo. Classic monolayer cell cultures on plastic do not allow such studies. Different cell properties such as adhesion, survival, and proliferation have been characterized on defined substrates by plating freshly trypsinized cells in the presence of appropriate components either in soluble forms or after coating on plastic dishes (7,24,25). More complex substrates, extracellular matrices deposited by cells such as endothelial cells, have also been utilized as a support for subsequent cultures of fibroblasts or cancer cells (26, 27). Noncultivable cells in usual conditions of culture on plastic can be cultured on matrices prepared 3 A. O. A. Miller (ed.), Advanced Research on Animal Cell Tech"Dlogy, 3-13. © 1989 by Kluwer Academic Publishers.
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