Advanced Planning and Scheduling in Manufacturing and Supply Chains PDF
Preview Advanced Planning and Scheduling in Manufacturing and Supply Chains
Yuri Mauergauz Advanced Planning and Scheduling in Manufacturing and Supply Chains Advanced Planning and Scheduling in Manufacturing and Supply Chains ThiSisaFMBlankPage Yuri Mauergauz Advanced Planning and Scheduling in Manufacturing and Supply Chains YuriMauergauz SophusGroup Moscow Russia Additionalmaterialtothisbookcanbedownloadedfromhttp://extras.springer.com. ISBN978-3-319-27521-5 ISBN978-3-319-27523-9 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-27523-9 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016933485 #SpringerInternationalPublishingSwitzerland2012,2016 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexempt fromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthis book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained hereinorforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerland Preface to the English Edition Despite the relatively large number of books related to production planning published inEnglish, uptonow informationconstitutingthe subject of Advanced PlanningandSchedulinghasnotbeengatheredtogether.Thissituationinspiredthe authortopresentanEnglishtranslationofhisRussian-languagebook. Thisbookwasconceivedasaguidetomodernmethodsofproductionplanning, basedonfairlynewscientificachievementsandvariousrulesofthumbofpractical planning.Mostofthecalculationmethodsareillustratedwithnumericalexamples. Attached to the English edition is a set of programs for calculating production schedulesandanexampleofanERPsystemoperatinginthecloud. TheauthorexpresseshisprofoundgratitudetoFedericaCorradiDell’Acquaof Springerpublishers.Hersystematicsupportallowedthisprojecttobeimplemented. Moscow,Russia YuriMauergauz v ThiSisaFMBlankPage Preface to the Russian Edition Attheendofthelastcentury,alargenewfieldofknowledgedeveloped.Nowadays, itiscalled“industrialengineering”andisacreativeapplicationofthemethodsand principles of various scientific disciplines to achieve and maintain a high level of productivityandprofitabilityinmodernindustrialenterprises. The application of industrial engineering is inextricably linked with the use ofquantitativemethodsusinginformationthatcirculatesintheproductionsystem, and such methods often have complex mathematical justification. Historically, the concept of industrial engineering started to be used after wide application of methods known as “operations research”. Another name for these methods is “managementscience”,nowmorecommonlycalled“industrialengineering”. Sincethefoundationofindustrialengineeringisquitesophisticatedmathemati- caltechniques,itsapplicationpossibilitiesaredeterminedlargelybytheavailable computing power. Originally, computers were created to solve complex scientific problems. Subsequently, this equipment started to be used to develop automated controlsystemsincludingproductionmanagementsystems. The introduction of personal computers changed dramatically the possibilities and the main focus of application of computer technology. The main objective of computerization in the late twentieth century was automation of accounting of a variety of resources and operations with them, i.e. information storage. The automated control systems of enterprises were mainly designed to collect and integrate data referring to production and sales. Therefore, the development of industrialengineeringatthattimewasmostlyofascientificandtheoreticalnature. In the early twenty-first century, however, the situation changed dramatically. Firstofall,againstthebackgroundofrisingresourceprices,theissueofproduction efficiency is becoming more and more important. In addition, it was found that, despitetheirgreatdiversity,thenumberofaccountingproblemsislimitedandmost problems had already been solved, while the increasing capabilities of computer technology allow more complex problems to be solved. As a result, researchers and production managers began to turn to the problems of enhancing production management. There was a sharp increase in the number of articles in the field of industrial engineering and a rapid increase in the number of relevant scientific journals. Today, worldwide,there areat least 30internationalEnglish-language journalsin vii viii PrefacetotheRussianEdition which thousands of scientific articles on industrial engineering are published annually. In addition, there are a number of national engineering journals, and in some countries, such as Spain and Iran, they are published with simultaneous translationintoEnglish. The field of industrial engineering includes management aspects such as the location of enterprises, determining the range of products, selection of necessary processes, organization of production divisions, etc. Many of these management objectivesrefertopre-production,butnotitsrealization.Theeffectiveimplemen- tation of production is only possible with organized and comprehensive sound planning,whichisactuallythefinalcomponentofindustrialengineering. Untilthe endofthe last century, productionplanning wasmainlybased on the knowledge and experience of the planners themselves who used quite elementary methodsofcalculationfordifferentpurposes.Theuseofcomputertechnology,for the most part, was limited to calculation of the number of products and resources required. Duetothecomplexityofthemathematicaldescriptionofplans,theiroptimiza- tionappearedtobepossibleaftertheintroductionofpowerfulpersonalcomputers atthebeginningofthiscentury.Therelevantmethodswereusedtocreateanumber of new production control systems, known as APS and MES. In general, the new planning methods based on complex mathematical models are called Advanced Planning and Scheduling (AP&S). This book is intended for readers whose activitiesarerelatedtoproductionplanning,thoughindifferentbusinessareas. First of all, the book is intended as a reference guide for operating production managers.Astheworkloadofthesespecialistsdoesnotallowthemtoengageina consistent and detailed study of the various methods, the book is designedso that almost every section, and sometimes even an individual paragraph, can be read independently of the other sections. At the same time, wherever possible when describingamethod,referenceismadetotheprecedingdiscussionofthemethod, toallowdeeperexaminationofthematerial. To make the presentation of each section independent of the previous text, most of the methods and examples use the same designations of variables and parameters,andthesedesignationsarelistedinAppendixA.Inthosecaseswhere thedesignationdoesnotcoincideorisnotreferredtoinAppendixA,itisdefinedin thetext.Eachexampleisaccompaniedbythemethodreducedtoafinalcalculation. Theauthorhopesthatthisstructurewillbeconvenientfordevelopersofproduction planningsoftwareaswellasforproductionmanagers. Not all planning methods described in this book are useful in practice. This appliestoanumberofproblemsandtheirsolutions,whichprovideascientificbasis for comparison and a reference sample for other methods, which in turn may be usedinpractice. On the other hand, the book is constructed to provide the opportunity to study the material consistently. The book is divided into two parts, the first of which is dedicated to detailed description of models of planning, and the second part describes the processes carried out on the basis of these models. Some of these PrefacetotheRussianEdition ix modelsarequitecomplex,andatfirstacquaintancetheirstudycanbeskipped.This constructionistofacilitatelearningbyresearchers,postgraduates,andstudents. The challenge in writing this book was the selection of materials and the sequence of their presentation. An enormous number of different methods of production planning have been developed. In particular, G. Halevi’s reference book on production planning methods dated 2001 describes 110 methods, which, ofcourse,varytoalargeextentinthedegreeofdistributionandapplication.This book includes those models and planning processes which by the time of writing were in focus in the scientific literature. It was assumed that production planning itself is closely connected to the planning of inventory because the result of the manufacturingprocessisstockbuildup. Thecontentsofthebook,forthemostpart,arebasedontheresultsofscientific paperscontainedinanumberofEnglish-languageguides,monographs,andarticles written at the end of the twentieth and beginning of the twenty-first century. The author has also tried whenever possible to use the available, albeit few, modern Russian-language works. Materials relating to the period of development of com- putersystemsintheSovietUnioninthe1970sand1980shavealsobeenused.The structure and nature of any presentation always depends largely on the author’s position. In this case, when considering methods of production planning, special attentionispaidtoitsregularityanddynamics,i.e.aperiodicrecurrenceandatthe sametimetheneedtointroducevariouschanges,includingurgentones. Differentscientificdisciplinesareusedinthemethodsofproductionplanning.Each disciplinehasitsownsetoftraditionalsymbols.Inthisbook,itwasimportanttoensure consistentuseofsymbols,soonedesignationsystemwaschosenasbasic.Therefore, the nomenclature of symbols accepted in scheduling theory is used throughout; in othercases,somesymbolsmaybedifferentfromtheconventionalones. TheauthorisgratefultoProfessorA.L.Ryzhkowhosecommentsandsuggestions helpedtoimprovethepresentationsignificantly. Moscow,Russia YuriMauergauz
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