Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Obesity PDF
Preview Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Obesity
Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Obesity Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics in Obesity Edited by Catherine Hankey PhD RD Series Editor Kevin Whelan PhD RD FBDA This edition first published 2018 © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by law. Advice on how to obtain permission to reuse material from this title is available at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. The right of Catherine Hankey to be identified as the author the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with law. 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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication data applied for ISBN: 9780470670767(PB) Cover Design: Wiley Set in 9/11.5pt Times by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ADVANCED NUTRITION AND DIETETICS BOOK SERIES Dietary recommendations need to be based on solid evidence, but where can you find this information? The British Dietetic Association and the publishers of the Manual of Dietetic Practice present an essential and authoritative reference series on the evidence base relating to advanced aspects of nutrition and dietetics in selected clinical specialties. Each book provides a comprehensive and critical review of key literature in the area. Each covers established areas of understanding, current controversies and areas of future develop- ment and investigation, and is oriented around six key themes: • Disease processes, including metabolism, physiology and genetics • Disease consequences, including morbidity, mortality and patient perspectives • Clinical investigation and management • Nutritional consequences of disease • Nutritional assessment, including anthropometric, biochemical, clinical, dietary, economic and social approaches • Nutritional and dietary management of disease Trustworthy, international in scope, and accessible, Advanced Nutrition and Dietetics is a vital resource for a range of practitioners, researchers and educators in nutrition and dietetics, including dietitians, nutritionists, doctors and specialist nurses. Contents Preface ix Foreword xi Editor biographies xiii Contributors xv Abbreviations xix SECTION 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Definition, prevalence and historical perspectives of obesity in adults 3 1.2 Definition, prevalence and historical perspectives of obesity in children 11 1.3 Development of overweight and obesity across the life course 18 1.4 Diagnostic criteria and assessment of obesity in adults 24 1.5 Diagnostic criteria and assessment of obesity in children 31 SECTION 2 Consequences and comorbidities associated with obesity 39 2.1 Obesity in the development of type 2 diabetes 41 2.2 Obesity in the development of cardiovascular disease 49 2.3 Obesity as a risk factor in the development of cancer 56 2.4 Obesity as a risk factor in osteoarthritis and pulmonary disease 64 2.5 Psychology and mental health issues in obesity 71 2.6 Binge eating and obesity 78 SECTION 3 Aetiology of obesity in adults 85 3.1 Genetics and epigenetics in the aetiology of obesity 87 3.2 Food intake and appetite in the aetiology of obesity 97 3.3 Physiological control of appetite and food intake 106 3.4 Obesogenic medication in the aetiology of obesity 113 3.5 Gut microbiome in obesity 118 3.6 Physical activity and physical inactivity in the aetiology of obesity 126 3.7 Obesogenic environment and obesogenic behaviours 132 viii Contents SECTION 4 Weight management in adults 139 4.1 Macronutrient composition for weight loss in obesity 141 4.2 Meal replacements for weight loss in obesity 150 4.3 Formula diets for weight loss in obesity 157 4.4 Group‐based interventions for weight loss in obesity 164 4.5 Commercial weight management organisations for weight loss in obesity 169 4.6 Fad diets and fasting for weight loss in obesity 177 4.7 Pharmacological management of weight loss in obesity 183 4.8 Diet to support pharmacological management of weight loss 188 4.9 Surgical management of weight loss in obesity 193 4.10 Diet to support surgical management of weight loss 203 4.11 Physical activity for weight loss in obesity 212 4.12 Psychological interventions for weight loss in obesity 221 4.13 Weight loss interventions in specific groups: overweight and obese men 228 4.14 Weight loss interventions in specific groups: Adults with intellectual disabilities and obesity 235 4.15 Weight maintenance following weight loss in obesity 242 4.16 Economic cost of obesity and the cost‐effectiveness of weight management 252 SECTION 5 Aetiology of obesity in children 261 5.1 Genetics, epigenetics and obesity: focus on studies in children 263 5.2 Food intake, eating behaviour and obesity in children 271 5.3 Physical activity and inactivity in the aetiology of obesity in children 277 SECTION 6 Weight management in children 287 6.1 Diet in the management of weight loss in childhood obesity 289 6.2 Physical activity in the management of weight loss in childhood obesity 295 6.3 Psychological and behavioural interventions in childhood obesity 301 6.4 Residential programmes and weight loss camps in childhood obesity 309 6.5 Pharmacological management of weight loss in childhood obesity 315 6.6 Surgical management of weight loss in childhood obesity 320 SECTION 7 Public health and the prevention of obesity 329 7.1 National campaigns to modify eating behaviour in the prevention of obesity 331 7.2 Increasing physical activity to prevent childhood obesity 339 7.3 Designing public health initiatives for the prevention of obesity 349 Index 355
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