Advanced Construction Technology, 4th Edition

641 Pages·2006·44.33 MB·English

by  Roy Chudley

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ADVANCED CONSTRUCTION
TECHNOLOGY
FOURTH EDITION
ROY CHUDLEY MCIOB
and
ROGER GREENO BA (HONS), FCIOB, FIPHE, FRSA
Pearson Education Limited
Edinburgh Gate
Harlow
Essex CM20 2JE
England
and Associated Companies throughout the world
Visit us on the World Wide Web at:
www.pearsoned.co.uk
© Longman Group Limited 1976, 1977
© Longman Group UK Limited 1987
© Pearson Education Limited 1999, 2006
The rights of Roy Chudley and Roger Greeno to be identified as authors of this work have
been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved; no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording, or otherwise without either the prior written permission of the Publishers or a
licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright
Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1T 4LP.
First published (as Construction Technology) 1976 (Volume 3), 1977 (Volume 4)
Second edition 1987
Third edition (published as a sin gle volume, with revisions by Roger Greeno) 1999
Reprinted 1999, 2001, 2002 (twice), 2003, 2004 (twice)
Fourth edition 2006
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue entry for this title is available from the British Library
ISBN-10 0-132-01985-X
ISBN-13 978-0-13-201985-9
10 9 8
10 09 08 07 06
Set by 35 in 10/12pt Ehrhardt
Printed in Great Britain by Henry Ling Ltd, at the Dorset Press, Dorchester, Dorset
CONTENTS
Preface to third edition vi
Preface to fourth edition vii
Acknowledgements viii
INTRODUCTION 1
PART 1 SITE WORKS 3
1.1 Site layout 5
1.2 Electricity on building sites 22
1.3 Lighting building sites 28
1.4 Winter building 40
PART 2 PLANT AND EQUIPMENT 51

2.1 Builders’ plant: general considerations 53
2.2 Small powered plant 58
2.3 Earth-moving and excavation plant 70
2.4 Plant for transportation 86
2.5 Concrete mixers and pumps 114
2.6 Scaffolding 124
PART 3 SUBSTRUCTURE: 1 133
3.1 Groundwater control 135
3.2 Deep trench excavations 148
3.3 Cofferdams and caissons 161
3.4 Tunnelling and culverts 179
iv Contents
PART 4 SUBSTRUCTURE: 2 191
4.1 Underpinning 193
4.2 Piled foundations 205
4.3 Subsoil analysis and foundations 231
4.4 Deep basements 248
PART 5 DEMOLITION AND TEMPORARY WORK 259
5.1 Shoring 261
5.2 Demolition 271
PART 6 PORTAL FRAMES 281
6.1 Portal frame theory 283
6.2 Concrete portal frames 287
6.3 Steel portal frames 294
6.4 Timber portal frames 299
PART 7 FIRE 305
7.1 The problem of fire 307
7.2 Structural fire protection 310
7.3 Means of escape in case of fire 341
PART 8 CLADDINGS TO FRAMED STRUCTURES 367
8.1 Cladding panels 369
8.2 Infill panels 375
8.3 Jointing 382
8.4 Mastics, sealants and gaskets 389
8.5 Curtain walling 392
8.6 Rainscreen cladding 402

8.7 Structural glass cladding 409
8.8 Sustainable construction 415
PART 9 FORMWORK SYSTEMS 417
9.1 Wall formwork 419
9.2 Patent formwork 430
9.3 Concrete surface finishes 439
PART 10 PRESTRESSED CONCRETE 445
10.1 Prestressed concrete: principles and applications 447
10.2 Prestressed concrete systems 462
Contents v
PART 11 BUILDINGS FOR INDUSTRIAL AND STORAGE USE 473
11.1 Factory buildings: roofs 475
11.2 Factory buildings: walls 491
11.3 Wind pressures 497
11.4 Driving rain 503
11.5 Roof structures 507
PART 12 STAIRS 535
12.1 Concrete stairs 537
12.2 Metal stairs 554
PART 13 INTERNAL COMPONENTS AND DECORATIONS 563
13.1 Partitions, doors and ceilings 565
13.2 Painting and decorations 580
PART 14 EXTERNAL WORKS 583
14.1 Roads, pavings and slabs 585
PART 15 ACCESS AND FACILITIES FOR DISABLED PEOPLE:
BUILDINGS OTHER THAN DWELLINGS 603
15.1 Access to buildings 605
15.2 Access into buildings: entrances 610
15.3 Accessibility within buildings 613
15.4 Use of facilities 619
15.5 Sanitary accommodation 621
Bibliography 624
Inde x 626
PREFACE TO THIRD EDITION
Roy Chudley’s Construction Technologywas first published in four volumes,
between 1973 and 1977. The material has since been continuously updated through
numerous reprints and full second editions in 1987. The books have gained a world-
wide readership, and their success – and their impact on construction education – is
a tribute to Roy Chudley’s experience in further and higher education and his
talents as a skilled technologist, illustrator and writer.
As a former colleague, it has been a privilege to once again work with Roy, on
this occasion revising his original work, and compiling the material into two books:
Construction Technologyand Advanced Construction Technology. The content forms a
thorough study for all students of building, construction management, architecture,
surveying and the many other related disciplines within the diverse construction
profession.
The original presentation of comprehensive text matched by extensive
illustration is retained. Changes in legislation, such as the Building and
Construction Regulations, have been fully incorporated into the text; however,

as much of the original work as possible has been purposely retained as it contains
many relevant examples of existing construction. Additional material discusses the
new developments and concepts of contemporary practice.
The two new volumes are complementary, as many of the topics introduced
in Construction Technologyare further developed here. Together the books
provide essential reading for all students aspiring to management, technologist
and professional qualifications. They should be read alongside the current local
building regulations and national standards, and where possible supplemented by
direct experience in the workplace.
Roger Greeno
Guildford 1998
PREFACE TO FOURTH EDITION
Since the previous edition, reprint opportunities have permitted some amendments.
These have included new procedures, relative to legislative and practice changes.
This revised edition develops these further, with greater attention to information
and detail. It also incorporates more recent issues, especially aspects of the Building
Regulations that require buildings to be designed and constructed to higher energy-
efficient standards. The responsibilities on building designers and owners with
regard to human rights are considered in a new chapter outlining the facilities
required for the convenience of the less able using buildings other than dwellings.
Notwithstanding contemporary requirements, the book’s established
construction principles are retained. These provide a useful reference to existing
building stock, and, where appropriate, modifications are included to illustrate
ongoing change.
The content represents the basic elements of construction practice. The book
is neither extensive nor prescriptive, as there is insufficient space in any book to
include every possible means for constructing commercial and industrial buildings.

However, the content is generally representative, and the reader is encouraged
to develop their knowledge through experiential learning, observation in the
workplace, and reading manufacturer’s literature and technical articles in
professional journals. Reference sources for supplementary reading are provided
throughout.
In conjunction with this edition’s companion volume, Construction Technology,
the reader should gain an appreciation of the subject material to support progression
through any technical, academic or professional qualification study programme that
includes construction as core or supplementary modules.
Roger Greeno
Guildford 2006
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This book originated in the 1970s as part of a four-volume series written by Roy
Chudley. As a result of its popularity, numerous reprints and a new edition
followed. In 1998 the series was rewritten by Roger Greeno as two separate
volumes: the initial two volumes formed the basis for the companion title,
Construction Technology, and the remainder, Advanced Construction Technology.
The book’s endurance is a tribute to Roy’s initial work in representing
construction practice with comprehensive illustrative guidance and supporting text.
I am particularly grateful to the founding author for allowing me the opportunity
to continue this work and to emulate his unique presentation. I am also grateful to
the late Colin Bassett as general editor. It was his initiative and enthusiasm that
encouraged me to pursue this work.
No book can succeed without a good publisher, and Pearson Education have
fulfilled that role with their supportive editorial and production team. In particular,
Pauline Gillett has been a constant source of direction and help throughout the
preparation of the manuscript.

Roger Greeno
Guildford 2006
We are grateful to the Building Research Establishment and The Stationery Office
Ltd for permission to reproduce material from the BRE Digests and various Acts,
Regulations and Statutory Instruments.
Extracts from British Standards are reproduced with the permission of BSI.
Complete copies can be obtained by post from BSI Customer Services, 389
Chiswick High Road, London W4 4AL.
INTRODUCTION
Advanced Construction Technologyis a development of the relatively elementary
construction detailed in the associated volume, Construction Technology. This
volume augments the associated volume with further topics relating to domestic
buildings and lightweight-framed structures, in addition to concentrating primarily
on complex and specialised forms of construction.
It is designed to supplement a student’s lecture notes, projects and research
assignments as well as to provide a valuable professional reference. It also
complements the associated subjects of science, mathematics, materials technology,
design procedures, structural analysis, structural design, services, quantity
surveying, facilities management and management studies, and is therefore
appropriate for most undergraduate and higher-level construction study
programmes.
The format adopted follows that of Construction Technology, providing concise
notes and generous illustrations to elaborate on the text content. The reader should
appreciate that the illustrations are used to emphasise a point of theory and must

not be accepted as the only solution. A study of working drawings and details
from building appraisals given in the various construction journals will add to
background knowledge and comprehension of construction technology.
No textbook or work of reference is ever complete. Therefore readers are
recommended to seek out all sources of reference on any particular topic of study,
to maximise information and to gain a thorough comprehension of the subject.
Construction technology is not purely academic; lectures and textbooks can only
provide the necessary theoretical background to the building processes of design
and site application. Practical experience and monitoring of work in progress are
essential components of any study programme involving the subject of construction
technology.