Advanced Computer Graphics: Economics Techniques and Applications PDF
Preview Advanced Computer Graphics: Economics Techniques and Applications
ADVANCED COMPUTER GRAPHICS ADVANCED COMPUTER GRAPHICS Economics Techniques and Applications Edited by R. D. PARSLOW and R. ELLIOT GREEN Department of Computer Science, Brunei University, Uxbridge, England ~ PLENUM PRESS, London and New York· 1971 Plenum Publishing Company Ltd., Donington House, 30 Norfolk Street, London, W.C.2 U.S. Edition published by Plenum Publishing Corporation, 227 West 17th Street, New York, New York 10011 Copyright © 1971 by Plenum Publishing Company Ltd. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1971 All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by photostat, microfilm, or any other means without written permission from the Publisher. SBN: 306-30517-8 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 7.7-137740 lSBN-13: 978-1-4613-4608-1 e-lSBN-13: 978-1-4613-4606-7 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-4606-7 Contributors S. E. ANDERSON, The John Hopkins University, Applied Physics Laboratory, 3631 Georgia Avenue, Silver Springs, Maryland, U.S.A. A. P. ARMIT, The University Mathematical Laboratory, Corn Exchange Street, Cambridge CB23QG, England. J. ATIYAH, Racal Research Limited, Newtown, Tewkesbury, Glos., England. A. W. BEEBY, Research and Development Division, Cement and Concrete Association, Wexham Springs, Slough, Bucks., England. D. A. BELL, Division of Computer Science, Ministry of Technology, National Physics Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, England. E. D. BERHOLD, Dept. ofE ngineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024, U.S.A. M. P. BERHOLD, Dept. of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024, U.S.A. A. BERN HOLTZ, Laboratory for Computer Graphics and ~patial Analysis, Memorial Hall 114, Grad- uate School of Design, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. 02138, U.S.A. R. D. BERGERON, Center for Computer and Information Sciences, Brown University, U.S.A. A. BIJL, Architecture Research Unit, Department of Architecture, The University of Edinburgh, 55 George Square, Edinburgh, EH8 9JU, Scotland. H. G. BOWN, Department of Communications, Shirley Bay, P.O. Box 490, Terminal 'A', Ottawa 2, Ontario, Canada. G. BRACCRI, Istituto di Elettrolecnica ed, Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy. V. M. BRIABRIN, Assistant Professor, Computer Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Vavilova40, Moscow, U.S.S.R. A. BRITCH, Department of Building Science, University of Liverpool, Musprat(Laboratory, Liverpool, England. G. A. BUTUN, University ofL eicester, Department of Engineering, Leicester LEI 7R H, England. D. W. CARDWELL, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37830, U.S.A. M. A. CHACE, Concomp Project, University of Michigan, 611 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104, U.S.A. S. H. CHASEN, Senior Staff Scientist, Head, Man-Computer Systems, Lockheed Georgia Company, Marietta, Georgia 30060, U.S.A. D. COHEN, Professor of Computer Science, Aiken Computation Laboratory, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A. I. W. COTTON, Sperry Rand Corporation, Univac Data processing Division, P.O. Box 8100, Phila delphia, Pennsylvania 19101, U.S.A. S. W. CRAWLEY, Professor of Architecture, Department of Architecture, The University of Utah, Salt Lake City 84112, U.S.A. J. D. CUTRELL, Civil Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80302, U.S.A. R. J. DOWE, Applications Development Dept., Control Data Corporation, Northwest Industrial Park, 3rd Avenue, Burlington, Massachusetts, 01804, U.S.A. v D. K. EWING, Computer-aided Design Division, Ministry of Technology, East Kilbride, Glasgow, Scotland. W. S. ELLIOT, Imperial College, Centre for Computing and Automation, Royal School of Mines Building, Prince Consort Road, London, S. W.7, England. P. FALK, c/o Dr. B. J. Shepherd, IBM, P.O. Box 66, Los Gatos, California 95030, U.S.A. L. J. FEESER, Associate Professor, Civil Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80302, U.S.A. J. FERENCZY, Research Institutefor Automation of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest XI, Kendeu,13-17,Hungary. D. FERRARI, Istituto di Elettrotecnica ed, Elettronica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza L. da Vinci, 32, 20133 Milano, Italy. J. D. FOLEY, Information Control Systems, 109 E. Madison, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. A. R. FORREST, University Mathematical Laboratory, Corn Exchange Street, Cambridge, England. S. FOSBURG, Laboratory for Computer Graphics and Spatial Analysis, Graduate School of Design, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. 02138, U.S.A. R. A. FREEDMAN, Control Data Corporation, Digigraphics System Division, Northwest Industrial Park, Third Avenue, Burlington, Mass. 01804, U.S.A. R. G. GILLESPIE, Associate Director, Computer Center, University of Washington, Seattle, Wash ington 98015, U.S.A. A. GIORGINI, Assistant Professor of Hydromechanics, Purdue University, School of Civil Engineering, Lafayette, Indiana 47907, U.S.A. W. J. HANSEN, Applied Mathematics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, U.S.A. L. HAZLETT, Motorola Semiconductor Division, 5005 East McDowell Road, Phoenix, Arizona 85008, U.S.A. N. M. HERBST, I.B.M., Thomas J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, N. Y. 10598, U.S.A. R. J. HUBBOLD, University of Leicester, Department of Engineering, Leicester LEI 7RH, England. K. B. IRANI, The University of Michigan, Systems Engineering Laboratory, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, U.S.A. J. H. JACKSON, The University of Michigan, Systems Engineering Laboratory, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104, U.S.A. A. P. JENKINS, Imperial College, Centre for Computing and Automation, Royal School of Mine Building, Prince Consort Road, London, S. W.7, England. C. B. JONES, Imperial College, Centre for Computing and Automation, Royal School of Mine Building, Prince Consort Road, London, S. W.7, England. M. E. KORYBALSKI, Concomp Project, University of Michigan, 611 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48104, U.S.A. E. R. KINEGER, Computing Center, University of Colorado, Colorado. U.S.A. J. LAVICK, Supervisor, CAD, McDonnell Automation Center, Bldg. 105, Level 3 232-8043, P.O. Box . 516, St. Louis, Missouri 63166, U.S.A. F. A. LECKIE, University ofL eicester, Department ofE ngineering, The University, Leicester LEI 7RH, England. T. M. P. LEE, Mail Station 8611, Sperry Rand Corporation, Univac, P.O. Box 3525, St. Paul, Minne sota55101, U.S.A. P. A. LUNDAY, I.B.M. Limited, Los. Angeles, Development Center 1930 Century Park West, Los Angeles, California 90067, U.S.A. vi K. J. MACCALLUM, Imperial College of Science and Technology, Centre for Computing and Auto mation, Prince Consort Road, London, S. W.7, England. J. W. MACHANIK, President, Merlin Systems Corporation, Computer Research and Time-Sharing, 1044 Northern Blvd., Roslyn, New York 11576, U.S.A. M. A. MACLEAN, Department of Communications, Shirley Bay, P.O. Box 490, Terminal 'A', Ottawa 2, Ontario, Canada. L. P. McNAMEE, Room 3731 BH, Dept. of Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90024, U.S.A. J. C. MICHENER, Center for Computer and Information Sciences, Brown University, U.S.A. R. L. PHILLIPS, Associate Professor, The University of Michigan, College of Engineering, Dept. of Aerospace Engineering, Gas Dynamics Laboratories, Building 422, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. R. F. D. PORTER GOFF, University of Leicester, Department of Engineering, The University, Leicester LEI 7R H, England. P. A. PURCELL, Royal College of Art, Industrial Design (Engineering) Research Unit, KensingtOn Gore, London, S. W.7, England. J. J. QUANN, Head, Experiment Computation Section, Code 565, National Aeronautics & Space Administration, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, U.S.A. M. P. RANA WEERA, Department of Engineering, University of Leicester, Leicester, England. J. ROHN, Sussex Research Associates Ltd., 25 Duncan Street, Toronto 2B, Canada. A. R. RUNDLE, Elliott-Automation Systems Ltd., Elstree Way, Borehamwood, Herts., England. M. A. SABIN, Project Applications Engineer, Mathematical Services, B.A.C., Weybridge, Surrey, England. L. J. SCHAEFER, Adage Inc., 1079 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston Massachusetts, 02215, U.S.A. R. L. SCHIFFMAN, Computing Center, University of Colorado, Colorado, U.S.A. D. SEWELL, Computer Systems Consultant, Computer Communications Department, Mobil Oil Corporation, 150 East 42nd Street, New York, 10017, U.S.A. G. SHEARING, Senior Research Scientist, Division of Computing Research, CSIRO, Australia. B. J. SHEPHERD, I.B.M., P.O. Box 66, Los Gatos, California, 95030, U.S.A. S. SHERR, Manager Display Planning, Advanced Planning Department, Hazeltine Corporation, Little Neck, N. Y.1l362, U.S.A. P. SMITH, Computer-Aided Design and Manufacture, Rolls Royce Limited, Aero Engine Division, P.O. Box 31, Derby, England. J. R. STEIN, Computing Center, University of Colorado. Colorado, U.S.A. P. STEUBER, Sun Printers, Whippendell Road, Watford, WDI 7QH, Herts., England. H. P. J. TAYLOR, Research and Development Division, Cement and Concrete Association, Wexham Springs, Slough, Bucks., England. D. W. TEDD, Computer-Aided Design Division, Ministry of Technology, East Kilbride, Glasgow, Scotland. B. T. TORSON, Project Manager, Computer-Aided Design and Manufacture, Rolls Royce Limited, Aero Engine Division, P.O. Box 31, Derby, DE2, 8Bl, England. A. VAN DAM, Center for Computer and Information Sciences, Brown University, U.S.A. P. K. WALL, Technical Manager-REDAC, Racal Research Limited, Newtown, Tewkesbury, Glos., England. vii V. L. WALLACE, Academic Visitor from University ofN orth Carolina, Imperial College, Royal School ofM ines Building, Prince Consort Road, London, S. W.7, England. P. E. WALTER, County Architect's Department, West Sussex County Council, Sussex, England. P. M. WILL, I.B.M., Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, N. Y. 10598, U.S.A. J. H. WILLIAMS, I.c.G. Systems, Interactive Computer Graphics, 6 St. James Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02116, U.S.A. R. WILLIAMS, Dept. ofE lectrical Engineering, School ofE ngineering & Science, New York University, University Heights, Bronx, N. Y.10453, U.S.A. M. S. WOLFBERG, Massachusetts Computer Ass. Inc., Lakeside Office Park, Wakefield, Mass. 01880, U.S.A. A. G. YOUNG, University ofL eicester, Department of Engineering, The University, Leicester LEI 7R H, England. viii Contents Contributors v Introduction xiii PART 1 Fundamental Issues Facing Computer Graphics The Lessons of the "60's" P. A. Lunday 3 Fundamental Problems Facing the Growth of Man/Computer Graphics S. H. Chasen 17 Aspects ofInteractive Graphic Systems R.J.Dowe 27 Some Comments on Supporting Multiple Interactive Graphic Consoles in a Productive Environment P. Smith, B. T. Torson 41 Digital Television: a low cost approach to multi-terminal graphics S. Sherr 49 PART 2 Computer Aided Design - General Applications An interactive Graphical System using Computers W. S. Elliott, linked by Voice Grade Line A. P. Jenkins, C. B. Jones 71 Conversational Design of Stochastic Service K. B. Irani Systems from a Graphical Terminal L. Wallace, J. H. Jackson 91 Anatomy of an interactive Graphics Display Project: an Engineering Tool R. G. Gillespie ... 103 Computer Graphics in the Dynamic Analysis M.A. Chace, of Mechanical Networks M. E. Korybalski 115 Structural Operational Data Sets from Arbitrarily E. D. Berhold, Arranged Computer Graphic Symbols M. P. Berhold, L. P. McNamee 161 A CAD approach to Blanking Die and Technology Design J. Ferenczy 179 Computer-Aided design at McDonnell-Douglas J. J. Lavick 195 Graphics Oriented Fractionator Analysis and Simulation Tool (GOFAST) D. Sewell 219 A Display System for Processing Engineering D.K.Ewing Drawings D. W. Tedd 245 PART 3 Electronic Design Applications A Graphic Language for Describing and G. Bracchi, Manipulating two-dimensional patterns D. Ferrari 263 ix Interactive Graphical Input for Circuit Analysis M. A. Maclean, H. G. Bown 279 Practical Layout of Printed Circuit Boards using Interactive Graphics J. Atiyah, P. K. Wall 301 Computer Graphics for integrated Circuit Design L. Hazlett 313 PART 4 Civil Engineering Applications of Computer Graphics Perspective Views and Computer Animation in Highway Engineering L. J. Feeser, J. D. Cutrell 327 The use ofInteractive Computer Graphics in J. R. Stein, Soil Engineering Analysis and Design E. R. Krueger, R. L. Schiffman 345 Structural Design Using Interactive Graphics A.G. Young 367 Computer Representation Display and Interrogation of Structural Building Data R. F. D. Porter Goff 381 Interactive Use of the Light-Pen in finite Element Limit Load Analysis M. P. Ranaweera, F. A. Leckie 397 Computographical Description of the Dynamics of a Turbulence Model A. Giorgini 407 PART 5 Architectural Applications Computer Aided Architectural Design A. Bijl 433 A Generalised Program for Transforming Relationship Values into Plan Layouts A. Bernholtz, S. Fosburg 449 An Associative Data Structure to Describe Building Component Assemblies A. L. Britch 463 The Computer as an aid for the Architect P. E. Walter 477 Computer Graphics System for School Design P. A. Purcell 487 Computer Graphics in Architecture J. H. Williams 513 The Craft Program Improvements and Proposed Improvements J. Rohn ... 531 Building Design by Computer Graphics S. W. Crawley 541 PART 6 Nuclear and Space Science Applications The application of Computer Generated Graphs and Diagrams to the Development of Advanced Nuclear Reactors D. W. Cardwell ... 555 A Laboratory for Interactive Programming, Processing and Display in Space Science J.J.Quann 577 x PART 7 Pattern Recognition Developments Design of an Experimental Laboratory for Pattern Recognition and Signal Processing N. M. Herbst, P. M. Will 595 Display Assisted Design of Sequential Decision Logic for Pattern Recognition D.A. Bell 629 Interactive Signal Processing R. A. Freedman 635 PART 8 Text Processing with On-Line Visual Display A demonstration of magazine page layout using a graphic display terminal P. Steuber 655 Graphic Editing of Structured Text W.J. Hansen 681 On-Line text editing using visual display V. M. Briabrin 701 PART 9 Computer Generated Animation Generating Computer Animated Movies from a Graphic Console S. E. Anderson 717 Production of Computer Animated Films from a Remote Storage Tube Terminal R. L. Phillips 723 PART 10 Developments in Display Systems Project Merlin: A Graphics Operating System M. L. Berman, J. W. Machanik, S. Shellans 735 On the Application of Graph Theory to Computer Data Structures R. Williams 775 Design of Software and Formats for Interactive Graphics Support L. J. Schaefer 803 Software Capabilities of the Adage Graphics Terminals A. van Dam, R. D. Bergeron 831 Storage Tube Graphics-a Comparison of Terminals A. van Dam, J. C. Michener 851 Microcoded Multiprogramming Display B. J. Shepherd Control Unit A. S. McAllister and P. Falk 887 An Interactive Graph Theory System M. S. Wolfberg 905 Development and Production of Design Charts Using a Digital Plotter A. W. Beeby, H. P. J. Taylor 923 PART 11 Graphic Languages A Fortran package for Interactive Graphics G. A. Budin 947 Visplay, the C.S.I.R.O. Graphical Fortran System G. Shearing 967 Software for Satellite Graphics A. R. Rundle 995 xi
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