Adult Hydrocephalus PDF
Preview Adult Hydrocephalus
Adult Hydrocephalus Adult Hydrocephalus Edited by Daniele Rigamonti Professor of Neurosurgery, Radiology, and Radiation Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA University Printing House, Cambridge CB2 8BS, United Kingdom Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York Cambridge University Press is part of the University of Cambridge. It furthers the University’s mission by disseminating knowledge in the pursuit of education, learning and research at the highest international levels of excellence. www.cambridge.org Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9781107031777 © Cambridge University Press 2014 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2014 Printing in the United Kingdom by TJ International Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication data Adult hydrocephalus / edited by Daniele Rigamonti. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-107-03177-7 (hardback) I. Rigamonti, Daniele, 1951– editor of compilation. [DNLM: 1. Hydrocephalus–etiology. 2. Adult. 3. Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure. 4. Hydrocephalus – physiopathology. 5. Hydrocephalus–therapy. WL 203] RC391 616.85′8843–dc23 2013025680 ISBN 978-1-107-03177-7 Hardback Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. Every effort has been made in preparing this book to provide accurate and up-to-date information which is in accord with accepted standards and practice at the time of publication. Although case histories are drawn from actual cases, every effort has been made to disguise the identities of the individuals involved. Nevertheless, the authors, editors and publishers can make no warranties that the information contained herein is totally free from error, not least because clinical standards are constantly changing through research and regulation. The authors, editors and publishers therefore disclaim all liability for direct or consequential damages resulting from the use of material contained in this book. Readers are strongly advised to pay careful attention to information provided by the manufacturer of any drugs or equipment that they plan to use. I dedicate this book to my wife Karen, to my children Eva, Luigi and Alessandra, to my parents Luigi and Santa, to Bunny and Charles Salisbury who have endowed a chair for me, and to Carol Swenson-Tanzola and her family for their support of my work on hydrocephalus. In memory of Professor Tony Marmarou: a scientist, a teacher, and a friend Contents List of contributors ix Prologue xii Section 1 – Basic sciences 9 Normal pressure hydrocephalus grading scales 91 1 Anatomy and physiology of the cerebrospinal Masatsune Ishikawa fluid system 1 Thomas A. Kosztowski, Aristotelis S. Filippidis, C. Section 3 – Diagnosis Rory Goodwin, Benjamin D. Elder, and Daniele Rigamonti 10 The differential diagnosis of normal pressure hydrocephalus 99 2 Neuropathology of human Daniele Rigamonti, Marianne Juhler, and Carsten hydrocephalus 14 Wikkelsø Marc R. Del Bigio 11 Core imaging in adult hydrocephalus 110 3 Animal models of hydrocephalus 28 Benjamin D. Elder, Patrick Bankah, Ari M. Marianne Juhler Blitz, C. Rory Goodwin, Thomas A. Kosztowski, Ignacio Jusué-Torres, and Daniele Rigamonti 4 Genetics of hydrocephalus 36 Jun Zhang 12 Imaging of the cerebrospinal fluid circulation 121 5 The epidemiology of hydrocephalus 57 Olivier Balédent Are Brean and Per Kristian Eide 13 Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and infusion Section 2 – Pathophysiology techniques 139 Cemil Kayis and Gunes A. Aygok 6 Pathophysiology of gait dysfunction in normal pressure hydrocephalus 63 14 Monitoring of intracranial pressure Jonathan Pindrik, Amy Bastian, and Daniele and assessment of cerebrospinal fluid Rigamonti dynamics 150 Marek Czosnyka, Martin U. Schuhmann, 7 The pathophysiologic basis of cognitive Stefano Signoretti, Zofia Czosnyka, and dysfunction in idiopathic normal pressure John D. Pickard hydrocephalus 70 Norman Relkin and Heather Katzen 15 Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in idiopathic normal pressure 8 Incontinence and lower urinary hydrocephalus 164 tract symptoms in normal pressure Andrew A. Tarnaris hydrocephalus 80 Adam P. Klausner and Samuel P. Robinson vii Contents Section 4 – Treatment and outcomes 22 Low-pressure syndromes and cerebrospinal fluid leaks: diagnosis and management 256 16 Hydrocephalus shunt procedures 175 Debraj Mukherjee and Wouter I. Schievink Benjamin D. Elder, C. Rory Goodwin, Thomas A. Kosztowski, and Daniele Rigamonti 23 Management of the adult with congenital hydrocephalus 264 17 Hydrocephalus shunts: principles, hardware, Jonathan Pindrik and Edward S. Ahn shunt testing 190 Zofia Czosnyka, Krzysztof Cieslicki, Hugh K. 24 Management of hydrocephalus Richards, John D. Pickard, and Marek Czosnyka with associated cerebrospinal fluid pathologies 275 18 Management of shunts in normal pressure Petra Margarete Klinge hydrocephalus: follow-up and late complications 207 25 Chiari malformation and hydrocephalus in Ahmed Mohyeldin, Ammar Shaikhouni, and adults 291 John McGregor Aristotelis S. Filippidis and Harold L. Rekate 19 Endoscopic third ventriculostomy: indications, 26 Pseudotumor cerebri syndrome 296 technique, outcome, and complications 218 John D. Pickard and Nicholas Higgins Steffen Fleck, Jörg Baldauf, and Henry W. S. Schroeder 20 Outcome of idiopathic normal pressure Epilogue 304 hydrocephalus 232 Index 305 Gunes A. Aygok Color plates appear between pages 132 and 133. Section 5 – Associated conditions 21 Normal pressure hydrocephalus syndrome secondary to hemorrhage, infection, and malignancy 247 C. Rory Goodwin, Benjamin D. Elder, Thomas A. Kosztowski, and Daniele Rigamonti viii
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