Adolescence and emerging adulthood: a cultural approach

523 Pages·2018·69.328 MB·English

by  Jeffrey Jensen Arnett

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Adolescence and
Emerging Adulthood
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Adolescence and
Emerging Adulthood
A Cultural Approach
SIXTH EDITION
Jeffrey Jensen Arnett
Clark University
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication is on file with the Library of Congress
Names: Arnett, Jeffrey Jensen.
Title: Adolescence and emerging adulthood / Jeffrey Jensen Arnett.
Description: 6 Edition. | Hoboken, NJ : Pearson, [2017] | Revised edition of
the author’s Adolescence and emerging adulthood, c2013. | Description based on
print version record and CIP data provided by publisher; resource not viewed.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017013089 (print) | LCCN 2017023057 (ebook) | ISBN 9780134006086 (ebook) |
ISBN 0134006089 (ebook) | ISBN 9780134596877 | ISBN 0134596870
Subjects: LCSH: Adolescence—Cross-cultural studies. | Teenagers—Cross-cultural studies. |
Young adults—Cross-cultural studies. | Adolescent psychology—Cross-cultural studies.
Classification: LCC HQ796 (ebook) | LCC HQ796 .A7255 2017 (print) | DDC 305.235—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017013089
1 17
Student Edition
ISBN 10: 0-134-59687-0
ISBN 13: 978-0-134-59687-7
Books a la Carte Edition
ISBN 10: 0-134-00598-8
ISBN 13: 978-0-134-00598-0
Brief Contents
1 Introduction 1 8 Friends and Peers 226
2 Biological Foundations 37 9 Love and Sexuality 259
3 Cognitive Foundations 67 10 School 298
4 Cultural Beliefs 105 11 Work 331
5 Gender 133 12 Media 361
6 The Self 161 13 Problems and Resilience 384
7 Family Relationships 188
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Contents
Preface xii 2 Biological Foundations 37
About the Author xix
The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Hormonal
1 Introduction 1 Changes and Physical Growth 38
The Endocrine System 39
Adolescence in Western Cultures: A Brief History 3
THE INITIATION OF PUBERTY IN THE HYPOTHAL AMUS 39 •
Adolescence in Ancient Times 3
THE PITUITARY GLAND AND THE GONADOTROPINS 39 •
Adolescence from 1500 to 1890 5 THE GONADS AND THE SEX HORMONES 40 • THE FEEDBACK
The Age of Adolescence, 1890–1920 5 LOOP IN THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM 41
■■ Historical Focus The “Storm and Stress” Debate 8 Physical Growth During Puberty 41
From Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood 8 The Biological Revolution of Puberty: Sexual Maturity
and Physical Functioning 43
Adolescence Arrives Earlier 9
Primary Sex Characteristics 43
■■ Research Focus The “Monitoring the Future” Study 10
EGG AND SPERM PRODUCTION 44 • THE MALE
Distinctive Features of Emerging Adulthood 11
AND FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE ANATOMY 44
The Transition to Adulthood 15
Secondary Sex Characteristics 45
The Transition to Adulthood: Cross-Cultural Themes 15
The Order of Pubertal Events 47
The Transition to Adulthood: Cultural Variations 15
■■ Research Focus Tanner’s Longitudinal Research
The Scientific Study of Adolescence and Emerging on Pubertal Development 48
Adulthood 16
Changes in Physical Functioning During
The Scientific Method 16 Puberty 48
■■ Cultural Focus Moroccan Conceptions of Adolescence 17 THE HEART, THE LUNGS, AND PHYSICAL
STEP 1: IDENTIFY A RESEARCH QUESTION 18 • STEP 2: FORM PERFORMANCE 48 • OBESITY 49 • PHYSICAL
A HYPOTHESIS 18 • STEP 3: CHOOSE A RESEARCH METHOD FUNCTIONING IN EMERGING ADULT HOOD 51
AND A RESEARCH DESIGN 18 • STEP 4: COLLECT DATA TO Cultural Responses to Puberty 52
TEST THE HYPOTHESIS 19 • STEP 5: DRAW CONCLUSIONS Culture and the Timing of Puberty 52
AND FORM NEW QUESTIONS AND HYPOTHESES 19
Cultural Responses to Puberty: Puberty Rituals 54
Ethics in Human Development Research 20
■■ Cultural Focus Coming of Age in Samoa 56
Methods and Designs in Research 21
Social and Personal Responses to Puberty 56
Research Methods 21
Parent–Adolescent Relations and Puberty 57
QUESTIONNAIRES 21 • INTERVIEWS 22 •
OBSERVATIONS 22 • ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH 22 • Personal Responses to Menarche and Semenarche 58
CASE STUDIES 23 • BIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS 23 • ■■ Historical Focus Menarche as a Taboo Topic 60
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 24 • NATURAL EXPERIMENTS 24
Early and Late Pubertal Timing 61
Reliability and Validity 25
EARLY AND LATE MATURATION AMONG GIRLS 62 • EARLY
Research Designs 25
AND LATE MATURATION AMONG BOYS 62
CROSS-SECTIONAL RESEARCH 26 • LONGITUDINAL Biological Development and the Environment:
RESEARCH 26
The Theory of Genotype S Environment Effects 63
Adolescence Around the World: A Brief Regional
Passive, Evocative, and Active Genotype S
Overview 27
Environment Effects 63
Sub-Saharan Africa 27
PASSIVE GENOTYPE S ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS 63 •
North Africa and the Middle East 28 EVOCATIVE GENOTYPE S ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS 64 •
Asia 28 ACTIVE GENOTYPE S ENVIRONMENT EFFECTS 64
India 29 Genotype S Environment Effects Over Time 64
Summing Up 65 • Key Terms 66
Latin America 30
The West 30 3 Cognitive Foundations 67
Other Themes of the Text 31
Interdisciplinary Approach 31 Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development 69
Gender Issues 32 Basic Principles of Piaget’s Theory 69
Globalization 32 Stages of Cognitive Development in Childhood
Summing Up 33 • Key Terms 36 and Adolescence 70
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