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Adobe PhotoShop forensics: sleuths, truths, and fauxtography PDF

381 Pages·2008·166.223 MB·English
by  BaronCynthia
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Adobe ® Photoshop ® Forensics Sleuths, Truths, and Fauxtography Cynthia Baron © 2008 Thomson Course Technology, a division of Thomson Learning Publisher and General Manager, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or Thomson Course Technology PTR: transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, Stacy L. Hiquet including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or Associate Director of Marketing: retrieval system without written permission from Thomson Course Sarah O’Donnell Technology PTR, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review. Manager of Editorial Services: The Thomson Course Technology PTR logo and related trade dress are Heather Talbot trademarks of Thomson Course Technology, a division of Thomson Marketing Manager: Learning Inc., and may not be used without written permission. Jordan Casey Adobe and Adobe Photoshop are registered trademarks of Adobe, Inc. Project Editor and Copy Editor: All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Dan Foster, Scribe Tribe Important:Thomson Course Technology PTR cannot provide software Acquisitions Editor: support. Please contact the appropriate software manufacturer’s technical Megan Belanger support line or Web site for assistance. Technical Reviewer: Thomson Course Technology PTR and the author have attempted Mark Abdelnour throughout this book to distinguish proprietary trademarks from descriptive terms by following the capitalization style used by the PTR Editorial Services Coordinator: manufacturer. Erin Johnson Information contained in this book has been obtained by Thomson Interior Layout Tech: Course Technology PTR from sources believed to be reliable. However, Jill Flores because of the possibility of human or mechanical error by our sources, Cover Designer: Thomson Course Technology PTR, or others, the Publisher does not Mike Tanamachi guarantee the accuracy, adequacy, or completeness of any information Indexer: and is not responsible for any errors or omissions or the results obtained Larry Sweazy from use of such information. Readers should be particularly aware of the fact that the Internet is an ever-changing entity. Some facts may have Proofreader: changed since this book went to press. Gene Redding Educational facilities, companies, and organizations interested in multiple copies or licensing of this book should contact the Publisher for quantity discount information. Training manuals, CD-ROMs, and portions of this book are also available individually or can be tailored for specific needs. ISBN-10: 1-59863-405-4 ISBN-13: 978-1-59863-405-1 eISBN-10: 1-59863-643-X Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 2007923930 Printed in the United States of America 08 09 10 11 12 BU 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Thomson Course Technology PTR, a division of Thomson Learning Inc. 25 Thomson Place ■ Boston, MA 02210 ■ www.courseptr.com To my husband, Shai, who never complained and was always supportive. Acknowledgments I owe an enormous and permanent debt of grati- tude to all the investigators whose work is cited in these pages. Each spent significant time providing me with examples, answering my sometimes ill-formed questions, and brightening my e-mail with good humor and collegiality. In particular, I send my thanks to Hany Farid for sharing his work and time and to Neal Krawetz for his boundless enthusiasm, insights, and generosity. I learned much from our conversations and hope to continue them. In addition to the investigators, several others gave of their time and intellectual prop- erty. A big thank you to photographer and camera collector Regis Boissier, to bank- note maven Mike Jowett, and to peripatetic photographer John Pettitt for their kind release of artwork. Thanks also to Katie Ullmann for her modeling services and to Karen and Dennis Vaccaro for their warm friendship, their electron microscope slides, and the use of their Maine retreat when my spirits flagged. Thanks to Sarah Nelson, Pacific Alaska Region Archivist for NARA, and to Joe McCary of Photo Response, who added a personal touch to navigating the Library of Congress. I appreciate the support of several people at Northeastern University. In particular, thanks to Bruce Hamilton for his aid on our photo shoots, to Jay Laird for strategic help at a critical moment, and to Dean Mary Churchill for providing me the time and space to finish this project. Thanks to the Course Technology PTR team: Publisher Stacy Hiquet, Editor Dan Foster of Scribe Tribe, and Technical Reviewer Mark Abdelnour. It was a pleasure to work with you. My assistant, Mitch Weiss, deserves a special note. Many of the original photographs in this book (in particular the case studies in the last chapter) are his. He translated my requests and direction perfectly and was a joy as a collaborator. And last but not least, thank you to my agent Neil Salkind, who brainstormed this idea with me and helped make this book possible. iv About the Author C ynthia Baron is Associate Director of the graduate program in Digital Media and the undergraduate program in Multimedia Studies at Northeastern University in Boston, MA. Formerly she was the Technical Director for the Department of Visual Arts, and she has been teaching courses that integrate digital tools with design and creative imaging for 20 years. Cynthia is a designer and photo imaging artist who has been the executive vice presi- dent of a Boston-based graphic design and typography studio for more than a decade. She also holds an MBA with a concentration in Marketing from Northeastern University. Cynthia was editor of Rockport Publishers’ Design Whysbook series and a contribut- ing editor forCritique: the Magazine of Graphic Design Thinkingand for Computer Graphics World. She has edited, authored, or co-authored more than a dozen books, most notably Designing a Digital Portfolioand The Digital Photography Field Guidefor Pearson Education. v Contents Introduction xiii P I ART C OUNTERFEITING L AND THE AW Show Me the Money 3 C 1: HAPTER Lead Us Not into Temptation 4 Opportunity 4 Knowledge 4 Greed 5 Harder Currency: Counterfeiting for Cash 5 The Treasury Strikes Back 6 Strike and Response 8 “Of Course I’m 21. See My Card?” 11 A Novelty Idea 13 Official but Anonymous 16 Hoodia Want? 16 Fake Drug Packaging: Murder by Mouse 23 Ten Ways to Recognize a Fake Drug Package 24 Paying for What You Get 25 vi Contents vii Admissible in Court 27 C 2: HAPTER Photography, Psychology, and Reality 28 Fair’s the Objective 28 Is Image Editing Fair? 31 Creating a Digital Process 33 Now You Don’t See It… 35 Now You Do 35 An Ink of a Different Color 38 “Put Your Hands Up and Move Away from the Mouse” 46 Tick, Tick, Ticket 47 Back Dating 49 Insurance Fraud 51 Artifakes 59 C 3: HAPTER Arts and Craftiness 60 High Stakes in Fakes 61 Sympathy for the Devil 61 The Flip Side of Forgery 65 Shoppin’ Around 66 Auctions 71 Understanding Feedback 74 After the Purchase 75 Collecting Problems 76 Adobe Photoshop Forensics viii Vintage Photos Cheat Sheet 84 Daguerreotype 84 Ambrotype 85 Tintype 86 Albumen Paper Print 87 Antique Scamming 88 Putting the Faux in Daguerreo 89 P II ART P M ROFESSIONAL ISCONDUCT Make Melds and Influence People 95 C 4: HAPTER Politics and Photo Fraud 96 The Birth of Propaganda 96 Out of the Studios and into the Streets 105 Image for Propaganda 107 Enter Photomontage 107 Spotting the Propaganda Fakes 112 Source 112 Quality 112 Benefit 112 Likelihood 113 The Best of the Worst 113 Fonda Fakery 113 A Presidential Flip-Flop 114 Appropriation Is the Sincerest Form 115 Help for the Height-Challenged 117 A Great Way to Increase Enlistments 118 It’s the Middle East—You Can’t Trust Anything 120 Contents ix C 5: Editorial License Revoked 129 HAPTER Fauxtojournalism 130 Setting and Enforcing Standards 132 Self-Policing 132 Software Analysis 133 The Slippery Slope versus the Sliding Scale 137 Intent 137 Extent 139 Result 139 Sanctioning 140 Staging 140 Guidelines Applied 142 Verdict: Artistic License 143 The Eyes Have It 145 Verdict: Misdemeanor 147 Verdict: Felony, Part 1 151 Verdict: Felony, Part 2 151 Verdict: Capital Offense 152 C 6: Weird Science: Faux Findings 157 HAPTER Getting Experimental 163 The Method and History 164 Testing the Limits 171 Cheating Ways 172 The Neverending Fraud 174 The Korean Stem Cell Scandal 174 Moving Forward 177

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