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Adminstrative History... Volume II of II... United States Department of the Interior PDF

327 Pages·1991·25.9 MB·English
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‘ 7214.72.04 3 yo administrative hi$tory . . volume Ii of Il NATIONAL PARK / OREGON ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK Oregon VOLUME It OF Ii by Herian DO. Unrau U.S. Department of the Interior / National Park Service Vv | OF II PREFACE . vill INTRODUCTION~-DESCRIPTION OF THE PARK A. Geographic Location of Park , 8. Purpose of Park , ' C. Significance of Park. , D. Primary Resources of Park sw—e v PART | HISTORY OF CRATER LAKE UNTIL ITS DESIGNATION AS A NATIONAL PARK CHAPTER ONE--DISCOVERY AND EXPLORATION OF CRATER LAKE: 1853-1885. , Discovery of Crater Lake by John W. Hillman: 1853 Subsequent Visits to Crater Lake: 1862-Early 1870s First Crater Lake Photographs: 1874 ' mOOV@is>it s to Crater Lake: 1874-1883. Scientific Studies Commence: 1883 . CHAPTER TWO--EARLY EFFORTS TO ESTABLISH CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK: 1885-1893. , Appendix A--Biographical Sketch of Early Career of William Gladstone Steel: 1854-1893 " CHAPTER THREE--CRATER LAKE ADMINISTERED BY THE GENERAL LAND OFFICE AS PART OF THE CASCADE RANGE FOREST RESERVE: 1893-1902 of a National Conservation Ethic Establishment of Federal Forest Reserves : Establishment of Cascade Range Forest Reserve Administration of National Forest Reserves 9™ 09»Un der the Forest Management Act of 1897 Crater Lake and the Cascade — Forest Reserve: 1894-1902. , Appendix A--Prociamation No. 6. Appendix B--Notice, Department of the interior, General Land Office, April 14, 18694. : SS&®3 5836 6 Appendix C--Rules and Regulations Governing Forest Reserves Established Under Section 24 of the Act of March 3, 1891 (26 Stats., 1095). ~ ae Appendix D--Report on the Survey and Examination of Forest Reserves: March 1898 . CHAPTER FOUR--ESTABLISHMENT OF CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK: 1902. : A. _ oe Bills: 1898-1900 B. ae History of Park Establishing Act: 1-1 , om A--Act Establishing C| rater Lake National Park: May 22, 1902. : 112 PART 1! MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK UNDER THE OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR: 1902-1916 INTRODUCTION 119 CHAPTER FIVE--GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE CONSIDERATIONS FOR CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK: 1902-1916 . 121 A. Superintendents of Crater Lake National Park: 1902-1916. , 121 B. Rules and Regulations for Crater Lake National Park: 1902-1916 , 121 C. Land issues in Crater Lake National Park: 1902-1916 . , 121 dD. Appropriations for Crater Lake National Park: -1916 , 125 Appendix A--Biographical Sketch of William F. Arant 127 Appendix B--Rules and Regulations of the Crater Lake National Park: 1902. 129 Appendix C--General Regulations of June 10, 1908 . 132 Appendix D--General Regulations of March 30, 1912 137 CHAPTER SiX--ADMINISTRATION OF CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK UNDER SUPERINTENDENT WILLIAM F. ARANT: 1902-1913 , 143 Appendix A-- Regulations of November 15, 1910, Governing the Administration of Automobiles ang the Season of 1911 , 71 Appendix 8--Crater Lake National Park: 1912 173 CHAPTER SEVEN--CONTROVERSY INVOLVING THE REPLACEMENT OF WILLIAM F. ARANT WITH WILLIAM G. STEEL AS SUPERINTENDENT OF CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK: 1912-1913. , 181 Appendix A--Excerpts from inspector Edward Ww. ah — on Park aa and Conditions: 1 ; 193 CHAPTER EIGHT--ADMINISTRATION OF CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK UNDER SUPERINTENDENT WILLIAM G. STEEL: 1913-1916 , , 203 Appendix A--Automobile Regulations of March 1, 1916 224 PART ii! MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK UNDER THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE: 1916-PRESENT INTRODUCTION 231 CHAPTER NINE--LEGISLATION RELATING TO CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK: 1916-PRESENT 237 A. Legislative Acts 237 1. An Act Providing for Acceptance by Federal Government of Exclusive Jurisdiction over Park Lands and Establishment of Resident U.S. Commissioner Position (39 Stat. 521-- August 21, 1916) __—.. 237 An Act Making Appropriations for Sundry Civil Expenses of the Government for the Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1918, and for Other Purposes (40 Stat. 152--June 12, 1917) . 239 An Act Accepting Certain Tracts of Land in The City of , Jackson County, Oregon (43 Stat. 606--June 7, 1924) , 240 An Act to Add Certain Land to the Crater Lake National Park in the State of Oregon, and for Other Purposes (47 Stat. 155-- May 14, 1932). ' , 242 An Act to Authorize the Acquisition of Additional Land in the City of Medford, Oregon, for Use in Connection with the Administration of the Crater Lake National Park (47 Stat. 156--May 14, 1932). 245 An Act to Amend an Act Entitled "An Act to Accept the Cession by the State of Oregon of Exciusive Jurisdiction Over the Lands Embraced within the Crater Lake National Park, and for Other Purposes (49 Stat. 422--June 25, 1935). , 247 An Act to Provide for the Resolution of Mining Activity Within, and to Repeal the Application of Mining Laws to Areas of the National Park System, and for Other Purposes (90 Stat. 1342--September 28, 1976) : 249 An Act to Revise the Boundary of Crater Lake National Park in the State of Oregon, and for pang Purposes (94 Stat. 3255--December 19, 1 ; :, 251 An Act to Correct the Boundary of ‘Crater Lake National Park in the State of Oregon, and For Other Purposes (96 Stat. 709-- September 15, 1982) , B. Wilderness Designation Proposals C. Acquisition of Major Park Inholdings 1. Yawkey Tract . 2. Gladstone Land and Timber Company Tract D. Unsuccessful Efforts to Expand Park Boundaries Appendix A--Act of Legisiature, Approved January 25, 1915, Ceding to the United States Exclusive Jurisdiction over Crater Lake National Park in the State of Oregon (Oregon Laws, 1920, Vol. ||, p. 3487) 284 Appendix B--An Act to Accept the Cession by the State of Oregon of Exclusive Jurisdiction over the Lands Embraced within the Crater Lake National Park, and for Other Purposes, Approved August 21, 1916 (39 Stat. 521) , , ; , , , , CHAPTER TEN--ADMINISTRATION OF CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK: 1916-PRESENT . A. Superintendents of Crater Lake National Park , B. Rules and Regulations for Crater Lake National Park C. Function of U.S. Commissioner ' D. Administration of the Park , Appendix A--Regulations Governing Crater Lake National Park (in Effect May 1, 1917) , Appendix B--National Park Service Policy Statement, 1918 Appendix C--Rules and Regulations for Crater Lake National Park (approved December 21, 1932) , Appendix D--Rules and Regulations [1940] [Briefed] Appendix E--Area Objectives, Crater Lake National Park: 1964 , — F--Crater Lake ‘National Park, Organizational: Chart ... 1986 , , , 370 vi VOLU1M1 OEF 1! CHAPTER ELEVEN--RANGER ACTIVITIES IN CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK: 1916-PRESENT . ' :, : CHAPTER TWELVE--RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK: 1916-PRESENT A. Resource Management: 1916-1929 B. Resource Management: 1930-1942 C. Resource Management: 1940s . D. Resource Management: 1950s- 1960s . E. Resource Management: 1970s-1980s. : Appendix A--Crater Lake National Park aa of Force Plan, 1946 CHAPTER THIREEN--CONSTRUCTION, DEVELOPMENT, AND PLANNING ACTIVITIES IN CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK: 1916-PRESENT . Appendix A--Description of Water supply, Telephone System, Roads, and Trail System in Crater Lake National Park--1918 , , 518 Appendix B--Physical improvements, Crater Lake National Park, 1928 , , Appendix C--Experiences of a ccc ‘Enrollee at Camp Winegiass, 1934 , , CHAPTER FOURTEEN--MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES IN CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK: 1916-PRESENT . 531 CHAPTER FIFTEEN--VISITATION AND CONCESSIONS OPERATIONS IN CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK: 1916-PRESENT . Appendix A--Schedule of Basic Rates, Crater Lake National Park Company, Crater Lake National Park, 1938 Season . 615 Appendix 8--1948, Crater Lake National Park, Crater Lake National Park Company. Appendix C--Crater Lake National Park Annual Visitation CHAPTER SIXTEEN--INTERPRETATION IN CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK: 1916-PRESENT . , Appendix A--Organization of the Nature Guide Service, Crater Lake National Park, Season 1929 , , 670 Appendix B--List of interpretive Services at Crater Lake National Park, 1956 . 673 EPILOGUE. 681 BIBLIOGRAPHY 683 vii CHAPTER ELEVEN RANGER ACTIVITIES IN CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK: 1916-PRESENT The ranger force at Crater Lake National Park consisted of a small staff during the early years under National Park Service administration. in 1917 Superintendent Sparrow reported that the ranger force “consists of one permanent first-class ranger and three rangers for the months of July, August, and September." The principal duties of the rangers were enforcement of park regulations, protection of its resources, prevention and control of forest fires, and operation of the park entrance stations. Two rustic log ranger cabins were constructed in 1917 at the east and west entrances of the park to complement the existing cabin at the south entrance. ' The Crater Lake ranger force expanded in 1918 and 1919. One permanent year-round ranger was stationed at headquarters. in addition three temporary rangers were assigned to mounted patrol during the summer months and three were employed at the checking stations at the park entrances .° The ranger force and its attendent responsibilities at Crater Lake grew slowly during the 1920s. Superintendent Sparrow reported in 1920 that during the tourist season the regular force consisted of one superintendent, one clerk and seven temporary rangers. Three rangers were stationed at the East, West and South Entrances, one at Anna Spring, one at Goyernment Camp and two on patrol, fire protection and trails. As visitation to the park increased the number of temporary park rangers was expanded. in 1924, for instance, the ranger force was increased to nine seasonal rangers under the direction of the permanent ranger employed at park headquarters.“ ‘ Despite the growth of the ranger force the responsibilities placed on them led to calls for more rangers. in 1926 Superintendent Thomson reported that an "insufficient ranger force prevents adequate protection of this 249 square miles of mountainous territory." The duties of the rangers, which stretched manpower too thin, consisted of (1) enforcing park regulations; (2) protecting wildlife; (3) patroling roads and campgrounds; (4) stocking the lake with fish; (5) aiding visitors; (6) preventing and controlling forest fires; (7) participating in forest insect control; (8) travel entrance checking and information; (9) compiling travel statistics; and (10) handling the park communication system.” in 1928 Superintendent Thomson again stressed the inadequacy of the park ranger force. He observed: Park protection was inadequate due to limited ranger personnel. One ranger and eight temporary rangers hired only for the travel season can not possibly protect an area of 249 square miles, particularily as their energies are aimost entirely consumed in handling well over 100,000 visitors who enter through five stations and circulate over a road system of 67 miles. Ranger personne! is so inadequate that we don't know what goes on in the Park except upon the roads. There is no patrolling, [sic], no reconnoisance [sic], no protection against poaching. In response to such complaints the ranger force was expanded during the next several years. By 1929 the force consisted of ten seasonais under Chief Ranger W.C. Godfrey. That year the checking Stations at the west and south entrances were consolidated into one station at Anna Spring, thus requiring only four rangers to handle traffic checking compared to six in previous years.’ in 1930 a Park Service report examined the ranger organization and its primary duties. Among other things the document stated: The ranger force constitutes the protection organization of the park. The Chief Ranger is the only year long member of this force. During the park season there are ten temporary rangers ?

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