Adminstrative History... Volume II of II... United States Department of the Interior

327 Pages·1991·25.9 MB·English

by  Department of the Interior

‘
7214.72.04 3 yo
administrative hi$tory . .
volume Ii of Il
NATIONAL PARK / OREGON
ADMINISTRATIVE HISTORY
CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK
Oregon
VOLUME It OF Ii
by
Herian DO. Unrau
U.S. Department of the Interior / National Park Service

Vv | OF II
PREFACE . vill
INTRODUCTION~-DESCRIPTION OF THE PARK
A. Geographic Location of Park ,
8. Purpose of Park , '
C. Significance of Park. ,
D. Primary Resources of Park
sw—e v
PART |
HISTORY OF CRATER LAKE UNTIL ITS DESIGNATION
AS A NATIONAL PARK
CHAPTER ONE--DISCOVERY AND EXPLORATION OF
CRATER LAKE: 1853-1885. ,
Discovery of Crater Lake by John W. Hillman: 1853
Subsequent Visits to Crater Lake: 1862-Early 1870s
First Crater Lake Photographs: 1874 '
mOOV@is>it s to Crater Lake: 1874-1883.
Scientific Studies Commence: 1883 .
CHAPTER TWO--EARLY EFFORTS TO ESTABLISH CRATER LAKE
NATIONAL PARK: 1885-1893. ,
Appendix A--Biographical Sketch of Early Career of
William Gladstone Steel: 1854-1893 "
CHAPTER THREE--CRATER LAKE ADMINISTERED BY THE
GENERAL LAND OFFICE AS PART OF THE
CASCADE RANGE FOREST RESERVE: 1893-1902
of a National Conservation Ethic
Establishment of Federal Forest Reserves :
Establishment of Cascade Range Forest Reserve
Administration of National Forest Reserves
9™ 09»Un der the Forest Management Act of 1897
Crater Lake and the Cascade — Forest
Reserve: 1894-1902. ,
Appendix A--Prociamation No. 6.
Appendix B--Notice, Department of the interior, General
Land Office, April 14, 18694. : SS&®3 5836 6
Appendix C--Rules and Regulations Governing
Forest Reserves Established Under Section 24
of the Act of March 3, 1891 (26 Stats., 1095).
~ ae
Appendix D--Report on the Survey and Examination
of Forest Reserves: March 1898 .
CHAPTER FOUR--ESTABLISHMENT OF CRATER LAKE
NATIONAL PARK: 1902. :
A. _ oe Bills: 1898-1900
B. ae History of Park Establishing Act:
1-1 ,
om A--Act Establishing C| rater Lake National
Park: May 22, 1902. : 112
PART 1!
MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF CRATER LAKE
NATIONAL PARK UNDER THE OFFICE OF THE
SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR: 1902-1916
INTRODUCTION 119
CHAPTER FIVE--GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE CONSIDERATIONS
FOR CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK: 1902-1916 . 121
A. Superintendents of Crater Lake National
Park: 1902-1916. , 121
B. Rules and Regulations for Crater Lake
National Park: 1902-1916 , 121
C. Land issues in Crater Lake National Park:
1902-1916 . , 121
dD. Appropriations for Crater Lake National Park:
-1916 , 125
Appendix A--Biographical Sketch of William F. Arant 127
Appendix B--Rules and Regulations of the Crater
Lake National Park: 1902. 129
Appendix C--General Regulations of June 10, 1908 . 132
Appendix D--General Regulations of March 30, 1912 137
CHAPTER SiX--ADMINISTRATION OF CRATER LAKE
NATIONAL PARK UNDER SUPERINTENDENT
WILLIAM F. ARANT: 1902-1913 , 143
Appendix A-- Regulations of November 15, 1910,
Governing the Administration of Automobiles ang
the Season of 1911 , 71
Appendix 8--Crater Lake National Park: 1912 173
CHAPTER SEVEN--CONTROVERSY INVOLVING THE REPLACEMENT
OF WILLIAM F. ARANT WITH WILLIAM G. STEEL
AS SUPERINTENDENT OF CRATER LAKE NATIONAL
PARK: 1912-1913. , 181
Appendix A--Excerpts from inspector Edward Ww.
ah — on Park aa and Conditions:
1 ; 193
CHAPTER EIGHT--ADMINISTRATION OF CRATER LAKE
NATIONAL PARK UNDER SUPERINTENDENT
WILLIAM G. STEEL: 1913-1916 , , 203
Appendix A--Automobile Regulations of March 1, 1916 224
PART ii!
MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION OF CRATER LAKE
NATIONAL PARK UNDER THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE:
1916-PRESENT
INTRODUCTION 231
CHAPTER NINE--LEGISLATION RELATING TO CRATER LAKE
NATIONAL PARK: 1916-PRESENT 237
A. Legislative Acts 237
1. An Act Providing for Acceptance by Federal
Government of Exclusive Jurisdiction over
Park Lands and Establishment of Resident
U.S. Commissioner Position (39 Stat. 521--
August 21, 1916) __—.. 237
An Act Making Appropriations for Sundry
Civil Expenses of the Government for the
Fiscal Year Ending June 30, 1918, and
for Other Purposes (40 Stat. 152--June 12, 1917) . 239
An Act Accepting Certain Tracts of Land in
The City of , Jackson County,
Oregon (43 Stat. 606--June 7, 1924) , 240
An Act to Add Certain Land to the Crater
Lake National Park in the State of Oregon,
and for Other Purposes (47 Stat. 155--
May 14, 1932). ' , 242
An Act to Authorize the Acquisition of
Additional Land in the City of Medford,
Oregon, for Use in Connection with the
Administration of the Crater Lake National
Park (47 Stat. 156--May 14, 1932). 245
An Act to Amend an Act Entitled "An Act to
Accept the Cession by the State of Oregon
of Exciusive Jurisdiction Over the Lands
Embraced within the Crater Lake National
Park, and for Other Purposes (49 Stat.
422--June 25, 1935). , 247
An Act to Provide for the Resolution of
Mining Activity Within, and to Repeal the
Application of Mining Laws to Areas of the
National Park System, and for Other Purposes
(90 Stat. 1342--September 28, 1976) : 249
An Act to Revise the Boundary of Crater Lake
National Park in the State of Oregon, and for
pang Purposes (94 Stat. 3255--December 19,
1 ; :, 251
An Act to Correct the Boundary of ‘Crater
Lake National Park in the State of Oregon,
and For Other Purposes (96 Stat. 709--
September 15, 1982) ,
B. Wilderness Designation Proposals
C. Acquisition of Major Park Inholdings
1. Yawkey Tract .
2. Gladstone Land and Timber Company Tract
D. Unsuccessful Efforts to Expand Park Boundaries
Appendix A--Act of Legisiature, Approved January 25,
1915, Ceding to the United States Exclusive
Jurisdiction over Crater Lake National Park in the
State of Oregon (Oregon Laws, 1920, Vol. ||, p. 3487) 284
Appendix B--An Act to Accept the Cession by the State
of Oregon of Exclusive Jurisdiction over the Lands
Embraced within the Crater Lake National Park, and
for Other Purposes, Approved August 21, 1916
(39 Stat. 521) , , ; , , , ,
CHAPTER TEN--ADMINISTRATION OF CRATER LAKE
NATIONAL PARK: 1916-PRESENT .
A. Superintendents of Crater Lake National Park ,
B. Rules and Regulations for Crater Lake National Park
C. Function of U.S. Commissioner '
D. Administration of the Park ,
Appendix A--Regulations Governing Crater Lake National
Park (in Effect May 1, 1917) ,
Appendix B--National Park Service Policy Statement, 1918
Appendix C--Rules and Regulations for Crater Lake
National Park (approved December 21, 1932) ,
Appendix D--Rules and Regulations [1940] [Briefed]
Appendix E--Area Objectives, Crater Lake National Park:
1964 ,
— F--Crater Lake ‘National Park, Organizational:
Chart ... 1986 , , , 370
vi
VOLU1M1 OEF 1!
CHAPTER ELEVEN--RANGER ACTIVITIES IN CRATER LAKE
NATIONAL PARK: 1916-PRESENT . ' :, :
CHAPTER TWELVE--RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN CRATER
LAKE NATIONAL PARK: 1916-PRESENT
A. Resource Management: 1916-1929
B. Resource Management: 1930-1942
C. Resource Management: 1940s .
D. Resource Management: 1950s- 1960s .
E. Resource Management: 1970s-1980s. :
Appendix A--Crater Lake National Park aa
of Force Plan, 1946
CHAPTER THIREEN--CONSTRUCTION, DEVELOPMENT, AND
PLANNING ACTIVITIES IN CRATER LAKE NATIONAL
PARK: 1916-PRESENT .
Appendix A--Description of Water supply, Telephone
System, Roads, and Trail System in Crater Lake
National Park--1918 , , 518
Appendix B--Physical improvements, Crater Lake
National Park, 1928 , ,
Appendix C--Experiences of a ccc ‘Enrollee
at Camp Winegiass, 1934 , ,
CHAPTER FOURTEEN--MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES IN
CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK: 1916-PRESENT . 531
CHAPTER FIFTEEN--VISITATION AND CONCESSIONS
OPERATIONS IN CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK:
1916-PRESENT .
Appendix A--Schedule of Basic Rates, Crater Lake
National Park Company, Crater Lake National Park,
1938 Season . 615
Appendix 8--1948, Crater Lake National Park, Crater
Lake National Park Company.
Appendix C--Crater Lake National Park Annual Visitation
CHAPTER SIXTEEN--INTERPRETATION IN CRATER LAKE
NATIONAL PARK: 1916-PRESENT . ,
Appendix A--Organization of the Nature Guide Service,
Crater Lake National Park, Season 1929 , , 670
Appendix B--List of interpretive Services at
Crater Lake National Park, 1956 . 673
EPILOGUE. 681
BIBLIOGRAPHY 683
vii
CHAPTER ELEVEN
RANGER ACTIVITIES IN CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK:
1916-PRESENT
The ranger force at Crater Lake National Park consisted of a small
staff during the early years under National Park Service administration.
in 1917 Superintendent Sparrow reported that the ranger force “consists
of one permanent first-class ranger and three rangers for the months of
July, August, and September." The principal duties of the rangers were
enforcement of park regulations, protection of its resources, prevention
and control of forest fires, and operation of the park entrance stations.
Two rustic log ranger cabins were constructed in 1917 at the east and
west entrances of the park to complement the existing cabin at the south
entrance. '
The Crater Lake ranger force expanded in 1918 and 1919. One
permanent year-round ranger was stationed at headquarters. in addition
three temporary rangers were assigned to mounted patrol during the
summer months and three were employed at the checking stations at the
park entrances .°
The ranger force and its attendent responsibilities at Crater Lake
grew slowly during the 1920s. Superintendent Sparrow reported in 1920
that during the tourist season
the regular force consisted of one superintendent, one clerk
and seven temporary rangers. Three rangers were stationed at
the East, West and South Entrances, one at Anna Spring, one
at Goyernment Camp and two on patrol, fire protection and
trails.
As visitation to the park increased the number of temporary park rangers
was expanded. in 1924, for instance, the ranger force was increased to
nine seasonal rangers under the direction of the permanent ranger
employed at park headquarters.“
‘
Despite the growth of the ranger force the responsibilities placed on
them led to calls for more rangers. in 1926 Superintendent Thomson
reported that an "insufficient ranger force prevents adequate protection
of this 249 square miles of mountainous territory." The duties of the
rangers, which stretched manpower too thin, consisted of (1) enforcing
park regulations; (2) protecting wildlife; (3) patroling roads and
campgrounds; (4) stocking the lake with fish; (5) aiding visitors; (6)
preventing and controlling forest fires; (7) participating in forest insect
control; (8) travel entrance checking and information; (9) compiling
travel statistics; and (10) handling the park communication system.”
in 1928 Superintendent Thomson again stressed the inadequacy of
the park ranger force. He observed:
Park protection was inadequate due to limited ranger personnel.
One ranger and eight temporary rangers hired only for the
travel season can not possibly protect an area of 249 square
miles, particularily as their energies are aimost entirely
consumed in handling well over 100,000 visitors who enter
through five stations and circulate over a road system of 67
miles. Ranger personne! is so inadequate that we don't know
what goes on in the Park except upon the roads. There is no
patrolling, [sic], no reconnoisance [sic], no protection against
poaching.
In response to such complaints the ranger force was expanded
during the next several years. By 1929 the force consisted of ten
seasonais under Chief Ranger W.C. Godfrey. That year the checking
Stations at the west and south entrances were consolidated into one
station at Anna Spring, thus requiring only four rangers to handle traffic
checking compared to six in previous years.’
in 1930 a Park Service report examined the ranger organization and
its primary duties. Among other things the document stated:
The ranger force constitutes the protection organization of the
park. The Chief Ranger is the only year long member of this
force. During the park season there are ten temporary rangers
?