Administrative Law and Process in a nutshell PDF
Preview Administrative Law and Process in a nutshell
WEST ACADEMIC PUBLISHING’S LAW SCHOOL ADVISORY BOARD ————— JESSE H. CHOPER Professor of Law and Dean Emeritus, University of California, Berkeley JOSHUA DRESSLER Distinguished University Professor, Frank R. Strong Chair in Law Michael E. Moritz College of Law, The Ohio State University YALE KAMISAR Professor of Law Emeritus, University of San Diego Professor of Law Emeritus, University of Michigan MARY KAY KANE Professor of Law, Chancellor and Dean Emeritus, University of California, Hastings College of the Law LARRY D. KRAMER President, William and Flora Hewlett Foundation JONATHAN R. MACEY Professor of Law, Yale Law School ARTHUR R. MILLER University Professor, New York University Formerly Bruce Bromley Professor of Law, Harvard University GRANT S. NELSON Professor of Law, Pepperdine University Professor of Law Emeritus, University of California, Los Angeles A. BENJAMIN SPENCER Earle K. Shawe Professor of Law, University of Virginia School of Law JAMES J. WHITE Robert A. Sullivan Professor of Law Emeritus, University of Michigan ADMINISTRATIVE LAW AND PROCESS ® IN A NUTSHELL SIXTH EDITION RONALD M. LEVIN William R. Orthwein Distinguished Professor of Law Washington University in St. Louis JEFFREY S. LUBBERS Professor of Practice in Administrative Law American University Washington College of Law The publisher is not engaged in rendering legal or other professional advice, and this publication is not a substitute for the advice of an attorney. If you require legal or other expert advice, you should seek the services of a competent attorney or other professional. Nutshell Series, In a Nutshell and the Nutshell Logo are trademarks registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. COPYRIGHT © 1972, 1981, 1990 WEST PUBLISHING CO. COPYRIGHT © 1997 By WEST GROUP © 2006 Thomson/West © 2017 LEG, Inc. d/b/a West Academic 444 Cedar Street, Suite 700 St. Paul, MN 55101 1-877-888-1330 West, West Academic Publishing, and West Academic are trademarks of West Publishing Corporation, used under license. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 978-1-62810-355-7 PREFACE ————— We join in dedicating this edition to the late Professor Ernest Gellhorn, the author of the first edition of Administrative Law and Process in a Nutshell and co-author of editions 2 through 5, before his premature death in 2005. Not surprisingly, much of the content of this edition can be traced to Ernie’s substantive acumen and his habitual clarity of expression. Ernie was a mentor to both of us through his leadership roles in both the ABA Section of Administrative Law and Regulatory Practice and the Administrative Conference of the United States. But he also commanded broad respect as a professor, law school dean three times over, managing partner of a major law office, and leader in the administrative law bar. His familiarity with the worlds of both scholarship and practice enriched his writing and caused his views to be widely sought out. It was a privilege to work with him, and this edition is respectfully dedicated to his memory. R.M.L. AND J.S.L. OUTLINE ————— PREFACE TABLE OF CASES TABLE OF STATUTES TABLE OF AGENCIES Introduction Chapter I. The Delegation of Authority to Agencies A.The Delegation Issue B.Development of Doctrine C.Modern Nondelegation Controversies D.Construction to Save a Delegation E.Delegation of Judicial Power Chapter II. Political Controls over Agency Action A.Legislative Oversight by Formal Action B.Informal Legislative Oversight C.Control over Personnel 1.Appointment of Officers 2.Removal of Officers 3.The Congressional Role D.Other Executive Oversight 1.Office of Management and Budget 2.Department of Justice E.The Future of Separation of Powers Chapter III. The Scope of Judicial Review A.Law, Fact, and Discretion B.Legal Issues 1.General Principles 2.Exceptional Cases 3.Interpreting Agency Regulations C.Substantial Evidence Review D.Abuse of Discretion Review E.Findings and Reasons F.Review on the Administrative Record G.Review of Rules 1.Hard Look Review 2.Scientific Uncertainty 3.Remedies 4.Substantial Evidence Review H.Agency Inaction and Delay I.Conclusion Chapter IV. Acquiring and Disclosing Information A.Agency Investigations in Context B.Subpoenas: General Principles C.Self-Incrimination D.Searches and Inspections E.Disclosure of Agency Records F.Open Meetings Chapter V. The Informal Administrative Process A.Settlement, Negotiation, and Alternative Dispute Resolution B.Applications and Claims C.Tests and Inspections D.Suspensions, Seizures, and Recalls E.Supervision F.Information Disclosure and Publicity G.Advice and Declaratory Orders H.Waivers of Regulatory Requirements I.Contracts and Grants J.Management Chapter VI. Procedural Due Process A.Interests Protected by Due Process 1.Property 2.Liberty B.Other Threshold Issues C.The Process That Is Due 1.Prior Notice and Hearing 2.Trial-Type Hearings 3.Right to Counsel 4.An Impartial Decisionmaker 5.Findings and Conclusions D.The Future of the “Due Process Revolution” Chapter VII. Formal Adjudications A.The Structure of APA Adjudication B.Parties 1.Notice 2.Intervention C.Discovery D.Evidence 1.Presentation of Case 2.Cross-Examination 8 3.Admissibility and Evaluation of Evidence E.The Institutional Decision 1.The Presiding Officer 2.Ex Parte Contacts 3.Separation of Functions F.Bias and Prejudgment G.Findings, Conclusions, and Reasons Chapter VIII. Procedural Shortcuts A.Avoiding Hearings Through Rulemakings B.Summary Judgment C.Official Notice Chapter IX. Rules and Rulemaking A.The Growth of Rulemaking B.The Types of Administrative Rules C.Rulemaking Procedures 1.The APA Procedural Models 2.Judicially Imposed Participation Rights 3.Ex Parte Contacts and Prejudgment D.Executive Oversight E.Rulemaking by Negotiation F.Required Rulemaking G.Petitions for Rulemaking H.Conclusion: Rulemaking in Transition Chapter X. Obtaining Judicial Review A.Jurisdiction: Routes to Review B.Unreviewable Administrative Actions 1.Statutory Preclusion of Review 2.Committed to Agency Discretion C.Standing 1.Early Case Law 2.Constitutional Standing 3.Zone of Interests D.Timing of Judicial Review 1.Finality 2.Exhaustion 3.Ripeness E.Primary Jurisdiction F.Damage Actions Against the Government G.Damage Actions Against Officers Appendix. Selected Constitutional and Statutory Provisions INDEX TABLE OF CASES References are to Pages ————— A.L.A. Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, 15, 16, 25 Abbott Laboratories v. Gardner, 362, 402 Abilene & Southern Ry., United States v., 302 Adams Fruit Co. v. Barrett, 93 Addison v. Holly Hill Fruit Prods., 82 Advocates for Highway & Auto Safety v. FHWA, 199 AFL-CIO v. OSHA, 124 Air Courier Conf. v. American Postal Workers Union, 389 Air Pollution Variance Bd. of Colorado v. Western Alfalfa Corp., 154 Air Prods. & Chems., Inc. v. FERC, 302 Air Transport Ass’n of Am., Inc. v. FAA, 316 Air Transport Ass’n of Am., Inc. v. National Mediation Bd., 105 Alabama Power Co. v. Ickes, 375 Alaska Dep’t of Envtl. Conservation v. EPA, 92 Alaska Prof. Hunters Ass’n v. FAA, 317 Alaska v. U.S. Dep’t of Transp., 316 Alizoti v. Gonzales, 198 Allen v. Wright, 379, 384 Allentown Mack Sales & Serv., Inc. v. NLRB, 99, 110 Allied-Signal, Inc. v. U.S. NRC, 122 Allina Health Services v. Sebelius, 326 Amalgamated Meat Cutters v. Connally, 23, 26, 70, 268 American Airlines, Inc. v. CAB, 294 American Cyanamid Co. v. FTC, 288 American Hosp. Ass’n v. Bowen, 313 American Hosp. Ass’n v. NLRB, 295, 350 American Mfrs. Mutual Ins. Co. v. Sullivan, 212 American Mining Cong. v. MSHA, 315 American Radio Relay League, Inc. v. FCC, 333 American Rd. & Transp. Builders Ass’n v. EPA, 359 American Rivers & Idaho Rivers United, In re, 127 American Textile Mfrs. Inst. v. Donovan, 19, 343 American Trucking Ass’ns, Inc. v. EPA, 19 American Water Works Ass’n v. EPA, 326 Andresen v. Maryland, 145 Appalachian Power Co. v. EPA, 119, 394 Arctic Slope Regional Corp. v. FERC, 174 Ardestani v. INS, 255 Arizona Christian School Tuition Org. v. Winn, 380 Arlington, City of v. FCC, 80, 91, 94 Armstrong v. CFTC, 108 Arnett v. Kennedy, 210, 211 Art Metal-USA v. United States, 410 Arthur Young & Co., United States v., 142 Associated Indus. of New York v. Ickes, 376 Association of Administrative Law Judges v. Heckler, 270 Association of American Physicians & Surgeons v. Clinton, 167 Association of American Railroads v. U.S. Dep’t of Transportation, 26 Association of Data Processing Serv. Orgs. v. Board of, Govs., 124 Association of Data Processing Serv. Orgs. v. Camp, 377 Association of Flight Attendants-CWA, AFL-CIO v. Huerta, 394 Association of Nat’l Advertisers, Inc. v. FTC, 339 AT & T Corp. v. Iowa Utilities Bd., 87 Atkins v. Parker, 227 Atlas Roofing Co. v. OSHRC, 31 Auer v. Robbins, 96, 97, 98 Automotive Parts & Accessories Ass’n v. Boyd, 116, 324 B&B Hardware v. Hargis Industries, 106 Babbitt v. Sweet Home Chapter of Communities for a Great Oregon, 86 Bailey v. Richardson, 205 Baker v. FAA, 198 Ballard v. Commissioner, 272 Baltimore City Dept. of Social Services v. Bouknight, 147 Baltimore Gas & Elec. Co. v. NRDC, 121 Barnhart v. Walton, 91 Barr v. Matteo, 412 Barry v. Barchi, 184, 209, 228 Baxter v. Palmigiano, 144 Bellis v. United States, 144 Bennett v. Spear, 386, 390, 392 Berkovitz v. United States, 410 Bi-Metallic Inv. Co. v. State Bd. of Equalization, 221, 222, 223, 224 Bishop v. Wood, 211, 213, 215 Biswell, United States v., 151 Bivens v. Six Unknown Named Agents of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics, 413 Blackfoot Livestock Comm’n Co. v. Dep’t of Agriculture, 258 Block v. Community Nutrition Inst., 364 Board of Curators v. Horowitz, 211, 234 Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth, 206, 207, 212, 213, 214, 215, 217 Booth v. Churner, 397 Boston Edison Co. v. FERC, 303 Boumediene v. Bush, 368 Bowen v. Georgetown Univ. Hosp., 92, 310 Bowen v. Massachusetts, 409 Bowen v. Michigan Academy of Family Physicians, 365 Bowen v. Yuckert, 296 Bowles v. Seminole Rock & Sand Co., 96 Bowsher v. Synar, 46, 60, 61, 68 Branti v. Finkel, 214 Braswell v. United States, 144 Brock v. Roadway Express, Inc., 226, 232 Buckhannon Board & Care Home, Inc. v. West Va. Dep’t of Health & Human Resources, 255 Buckley v. Valeo, 49, 59, 70 Burlington Truck Lines v. United States, 109 Bush v. Lucas, 413 Business Roundtable v. SEC, 343 Butz v. Economou, 413 Butz v. Glover Livestock Comm’n Co., 108 Califano v. Sanders, 358 Camara v. Municipal Court, 149, 150, 151 Camp v. Pitts, 111 Caperton v. A.T. Massey Coal Co., 289 Carter v. Carter Coal Co., 16, 25 Castillo-Villagra v. INS, 301 Castle Rock, Town of v. Gonzales, 209, 211, 221 Cellular Mobile Systems of Pa., Inc. v. FCC, 263 Central Maine Power Co. v. FERC, 122 CFTC v. Schor, 30, 31, 70 Chamber of Commerce v. NLRB, 307, 350 Checkosky v. SEC, 122 Chemical Manufacturers Ass’n v. NRDC, 74 Chemical Waste Mgmt., Inc. v. U.S. EPA, 249 Cheney v. U.S. District Court, 167 Cheney, In re, 167, 358 Chevron U.S.A., Inc. v. NRDC, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96, 101, 129 Chicago, City of v. Environmental Defense Fund, 83 Chocolate Mfrs. Ass’n v. Block, 326 Christensen v. Harris County, 90 Christopher v. SmithKline Beecham Corp., 97 Chrysler Corp. v. Brown, 162, 163, 311 Cinderella Career & Finishing Schools, Inc. v. FTC (Cinderella II), 242, 288 Citizens Awareness Network v. United States, 257, 263 Citizens to Preserve Overton Park, Inc. v. Volpe, 102, 111, 112, 113, 115, 369 City of _______ (see name of city) Clapper v. Amnesty Int’l, 385 Clarke v. Securities Industry Ass’n, 388 Cleveland Bd. of Education v. Loudermill, 211, 228, 232 Clinton v. City of New York, 44, 68 CNA Financial Corp. v. Donovan, 163 Codd v. Velger, 215 Coit Indep. Joint Venture v. Fed. Savings & Loan Ins. Corp., 397 Collins v. NTSB, 93 Colonnade Catering Corp. v. United States, 151, 152 Common Cause v. NRC, 164 Community Nutrition Inst. v. Young, 315 Connecticut Bd. of Pardons v. Dumschat, 243 Connecticut Bd. of Public Safety v. Doe, 229
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