Administering Elections: How American Elections Work PDF
Preview Administering Elections: How American Elections Work
Administering Elections Elections,Voting,Technology The series Elections, Voting, Technology examines the relationships between peo- ple,electoralprocessesandtechnologies,anddemocracy.Electionsareafundamental aspectofafreeanddemocraticsocietyand,attheircore,theyinvolveacitizenrymak- ing selections for who will represent them. This series examines the ways in which citizensselecttheircandidates—thevotingtechnologiesused,therulesofthegame that govern the process—and considers how changes in processes and technologies affectthevoterandthedemocraticprocess. ThadHallisanassociateprofessorofpoliticalscienceattheUniversityofUtahanda researchaffiliatewiththeCaltech/MITVotingTechnologyProject.Heisthecoauthor ofseveralbooksonelectionsandvoting,includingPoint,Click,andVote:TheFuture ofInternetVotingandElectronicElections:ThePerilsandPromiseofDigitalDemocracy, andcoeditorofthebookElectionFraud. ConfirmingElections:CreatingConfidenceandIntegritythroughElectionAuditing EditedbyR.MichaelAlvarez,LonnaRaeAtkeson,andThadE.Hall CivilSocietyandElectoralAccountabilityinLatinAmerica SharonF.Lean Elections and Democratization in the Middle East: The Tenacious Search for Freedom, Justice,andDignity EditedbyMahmoudHamadandKhalilal-Anani TheAmericanElection2012:ContextsandConsequences EditedbyR.WardHolderandPeterB.Josephson ConvenienceVotingandTechnology:TheCaseofMilitaryandOverseasVoters ClaireM.Smith AdministeringElections:HowAmericanElectionsWork KathleenHale,RobertMontjoy,andMitchellBrown Administering Elections How American Elections Work KathleenHale,RobertMontjoy,andMitchellBrown administeringelections Copyright©KathleenHale,RobertMontjoy,andMitchellBrown,2015. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-40041-3 Allrightsreserved. Firstpublishedin2015by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN® intheUnitedStates—adivisionofSt.Martin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. WherethisbookisdistributedintheUK,Europeandtherestofthe World,thisisbyPalgraveMacmillan,adivisionofMacmillanPublishers Limited,registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills, Basingstoke,HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabove companiesandhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnited States,theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-55293-1 ISBN 978-1-137-38845-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-137-38845-2 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Hale,Kathleen. Administeringelections:howAmericanelectionswork/KathleenHale, RobertMontjoyandMitchellBrown. pages cm Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. 1. Elections—UnitedStates—Management. 2. Electionlaw—United States. 3. Politics,Practical—UnitedStates. 4. UnitedStates—Politics andgovernment. I. Title. JK1976.H252015 324.60973—dc23 2015005849 AcataloguerecordofthebookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. DesignbyIntegraSoftwareServices Firstedition:August2015 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Toelectionadministratorseverywhere—ourgatekeepersofdemocracy Contents ListofTablesandFigures ix Foreword xiii Preface xvii Acknowledgments xxi Introduction xxiii ListofAcronyms xxxi ListofCases xxxiii 1 UnderstandingElectionAdministrationSystems 1 2 TheStructureofElectionAdministrationatStateand LocalLevels 27 3 TheEvolvingFederalRoleinElectionAdministration 53 4 TheLegalFrameworkofElectionAdministrationinthe ModernEra 77 5 Pluralism,PoliticalParticipation,andThird-PartyGroups 97 6 StateInnovationsinElectionAdministration 119 7 CurrentChallengesinElectionAdministration 143 Appendix 171 Notes 183 References 185 Index 205 Tables and Figures Tables 1.1 ResearchonElementsofElectionAdministration 19 1.2 ResearchonCross-cuttingIssuesinElectionAdministration 21 1.3 ResearchonCapacityofElectionAdministrationSystems 21 2.1 Title,methodsofselection,andappointingauthorities forchiefelectionofficialsacrossthestates 34 2.2 Comparisonofmethodsofselectionofchiefelection officialsinworlddemocraciesandtheUSstates 37 2.3 Partisanshipandmethodsofselectionofstatechief electionofficials 38 2.4 Institutionalconfigurationoflocalelectionoffices 40 2.5 MultiplefunctionsofcountyelectionofficialsinCalifornia 41 2.6 Stateswithmultipleelectionofficials 43 3.1 PrimaryUSconstitutionalprovisionsaffectingfederal andstateelections 54 3.2 Jurisdictionscertifiedforfederalobserversbystateover time,1965–2014 61 3.3 Classificationofstatevoteridentificationmethodsfor in-personvoting(2014) 69 4.1 Sourcesofvoterregistrationforms 80 4.2 CommissionersoftheUSElectionAssistance Commission2003–2011 85
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