A Cancer Treatment and Research d j u Steven T. Rosen, M.D., Series Editor v a Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center n Northwestern University Medical School t T h e r a p y f Adjuvant Therapy o r B r e for Breast Cancer a s t C a n c e r edited by C Monica Castiglione a s t ig Martine J. Piccart l i o n e • P i c c a r t 1 23 1 Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer Cancer Treatment and Research Steven T.Rosen, MD, Series Editor Leong,S.P.L.(ed.):AtlasofSelectiveSentinelLymphadenectomyforMelanoma,BreastCancerand ColonCancer.2002.ISBN1-4020-7013-6. Andersson,B.,MurrayD.(eds.):ClinicallyRelevantResistanceinCancerChemotherapy.2002.ISBN 1-4020-7200-7. Beam,C.(ed.):BiostatisticalApplicationsinCancerResearch.2002.ISBN1-4020-7226-0. Brockstein,B.,Masters,G.(eds.):HeadandNeckCancer.2003.ISBN1-4020-7336-4. Frank,D.A.(ed.):SignalTransductioninCancer.2003.ISBN1-4020-7340-2. Figlin,R.A.(ed.):KidneyCancer.2003.ISBN1-4020-7457-3. Kirsch,M.,Black,P.McL.(eds.):AngiogenesisinBrainTumors.2003.ISBN1-4020-7704-1. Keller,E.T.,Chung,L.W.K.(eds.):TheBiologyofSkeletalMetastases.2004. ISBN1-4020-7749-1. Kumar,R.(ed.):MolecularTargetingandSignalTransduction.2004.ISBN1-4020-7822-6. Verweij,J.,Pinedo,H.M.(eds.):TargetingTreatmentofSoftTissueSarcomas.2004. ISBN1-4020-7808-0. Finn,W.G.,Peterson,L.C.(eds.):HematopathologyinOncology.2004.ISBN1-4020-7919-2. Farid,N.(ed.):MolecularBasisofThyroidCancer.2004.ISBN1-4020-8106-5. Khleif,S.(ed.):TumorImmunologyandCancerVaccines.2004.ISBN1-4020-8119-7. Balducci,L.,Extermann,M.(eds.):BiologicalBasisofGeriatricOncology.2004.ISBN Abrey,L.E.,Chamberlain,M.C.,Engelhard,H.H.(eds.):LeptomeningealMetastases.2005. ISBN0-387-24198-1. Platanias,L.C.(ed.):CytokinesandCancer.2005.ISBN0-387-24360-7. Leong,S.P.L.,Kitagawa,Y.,Kitajima,M.(eds.):SelectiveSentinelLymphadenectomyforHuman SolidCancer.2005.ISBN0-387-23603-1. Small,W.,Jr.,Woloschak,G.(eds.):RadiationToxicity:APracticalGuide.2005. ISBN1-4020-8053-0. Haefner,B.,Dalgleish,A.(eds.):TheLinkBetweenInflammationandCancer.2006. ISBN0-387-26282-2. Leonard,J.P.,Coleman,M.(eds.):Hodgkin’sandNon-Hodgkin’sLymphoma.2006. ISBN0-387-29345. Leong,S.P.L.(ed.):CancerClinicalTrials:ProactiveStrategies.2006.ISBN0-387-33224-3. Meyers,C.(ed.):Aids-AssociatedViralOncogenesis.2007.ISBN978-0-387-46804-4. Ceelen,W.P.(ed.):PeritonealCarcinomatosis:AMultidisciplinaryApproach.2007. ISBN978-0-387-48991-9. Leong,S.P.L.(ed.):CancerMetastasisandtheLymphovascularSystem:BasisforRationalTherapy. 2007.ISBN978-0-387-69218-0. Raizer,J.,Abrey,L.E.(eds.):BrainMetastases.2007.ISBN978-0-387-69221-0. Woodruff,T.,Snyder,K.A.(eds.):Oncofertility.2007.ISBN978-0-387-72292-4. Angelos,P.(ed.):EthicalIssuesinCancerPatientCare,SecondEdition.2008. ISBN978-0-387-73638-9. Ansell,S.(ed.):RareHematologicalMalignancies.2008.ISBN978-0-387-73743-0. Gradishar,W.J.,Wood,W.C.(eds.):AdvancesinBreastCareManagement,SecondEdition.2008. 978-0-387-73160-5. Blake,M.,Kalra,M.(eds.):ImaginginOncology.2008.ISBN978-0-387-75586-1. Bishop,M.R.(ed.):HematopoieticStemCellTransplantation.2008.ISBN978-0-387-78579-0. Stockfleth,E.,Ulrich,C.(eds.):SkinCancerafterOrganTransplantation.2008. ISBN978-0-387-78573-8. Fuqua,S.A.W.(ed.):HormoneReceptorsinBreastCancer.2008.ISBN:978-0-387-09462-5. Green,D.,Kwaan,H.C.(eds.):CoagulationinCancer.2009.ISBN:978-0-387-79961-2. Stack,M.S.,Fishman,D.A.(eds.):OvarianCancer,SecondEdition.2009. ISBN:978-0-387-98093-5. Goldman,S.,Turner,C.D.(eds):LateEffectsofTreatmentforBrainTumors,2009. ISBN:978-0-387-77102-1. Castiglione,M.,Piccart,M.(eds):AdjuvantTherapyforBreastCancer,2009. ISBN:978-0-387-75114-6. Adjuvant Therapy for Breast Cancer Edited by Monica Castiglione, M.D., M.H.A University of Geneva Geneva, Switzerland And Martine J. Piccart, M.D., Ph.D. Jules Bordet Institute Brussels, Belgium 1 3 Editors MonicaCastiglione MartineJ.Piccart UniversityofGeneva UniversiteLibreBruxelles ISPM/RGT Inst.JulesBordet BoulevarddelaCluse55 1000Bruxelles 1205Geneva Belgium Switzerland [email protected] [email protected] SeriesEditor: StevenT.Rosen,M.D. RobertH.LurieComprehensiveCancer Center NorthwesternUniversity Chicago,IL USA ISSN0927-3042 ISBN978-0-387-75114-6 e-ISBN978-0-387-75115-3 DOI10.1007/978-0-387-75115-3 SpringerDordrechtHeidelbergLondonNewYork LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2009921197 #SpringerScienceþBusinessMedia,LLC2009 Allrightsreserved.Thisworkmaynotbetranslatedorcopiedinwholeorinpartwithoutthewritten permissionofthepublisher(SpringerScienceþBusinessMedia,LLC,233SpringStreet,NewYork, NY10013,USA),exceptforbriefexcerptsinconnectionwithreviewsorscholarlyanalysis.Usein connectionwithanyformofinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computer software,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdevelopedisforbidden. Theuseinthispublicationoftradenames,trademarks,servicemarks,andsimilarterms,evenifthey arenotidentifiedassuch,isnottobetakenasanexpressionofopinionastowhetherornottheyare subjecttoproprietaryrights. Whiletheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateof going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibilityforanyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty, expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Acknowledgments Wewouldliketothankallcontributorsfortheirenthusiasm WewouldliketothankLauraWalsh–whoalwaysbelievedintheproject– for her patience (a typical feminine characteristic!) and for her continuous support. WewouldliketothanktheteamatSpringerforeditorialwork v Contents PartI Basics HistoryofAdjuvantTherapy................................... 3 PinucciaValagussa PrognosticandPredictiveFactors............................... 13 LauraBiganzoli NewPerspectivesforTherapyChoice ............................ 31 Anne-CatherineAndres PathologyRoleinAdjuvantSetting.............................. 41 AngelikaReiner-Concin Guidelines,ConsensusConferencesandOverviews(Meta-analysis) ..... 63 KathleenI.Pritchard StatisticalIssuesandChallenges................................ 77 MeredithM.Regan PartII Treatments MultidisciplinaryCare:OptimisingTeamPerformance .............. 93 FrancesM.Boyle PreoperativeChemo-andEndocrineTherapy ...................... 103 RosalbaTorrisi AdjuvantChemotherapy ...................................... 121 M.Tubiana-HulinandM.Gardner PostoperativeEndocrineTherapyforInvasiveBreastCancer .......... 139 LeishaA.EmensandNancyE.Davidson vii viii Contents AdjuvantTherapyofBreastCancer–Bisphosphonates............... 163 TiinaSaarto PartIII NewWindintheAdjuvantSetting Trastuzumab ............................................... 181 EdithA.Perez,FrancesM.Palmieri,andShellyM.Brock Lapatinib:NewDirectionsinHER2DirectedTherapyforEarly StageBreastCancer ......................................... 197 A. JoChienandHopeS.Rugo PartIV SpecialIssues SupportiveCareDuringAdjuvantTreatment ...................... 219 AnnabelPollard Dosein(Adjuvant)ChemotherapyofBreastCancer ................. 239 Ulrike.Nitz TimingofAdjuvantTherapy ................................... 255 O.Pagani SequencingofSystemicTreatmentandRadiotherapy................ 281 PiaUrsulaHuguenin PartV SpecialPopulations YoungPatientswithBreastCancer.............................. 291 P.A.Francis SpecialPopulations:ElderlyPatients ............................ 299 DianaCrivellariandLuciaFratino AdjuvantTherapyinPatientswithBreastCancerDuringPregnancy ..... 317 SibylleLoibl PartVI AfterBreastCancerandTreatment,SequelaeofAdjuvant TreatmentSocialIssues InvestigationsAfterAdjuvantTherapy ........................... 331 SilviaDellapasqua QualityofLifeIssuesDuringAdjuvantEndocrineTherapy............ 353 LesleyFallowfieldandValerieJenkins Contents ix Fertility ................................................... 367 K.J.RuddyandA.H.Partridge CognitiveFunctioninBreastCancerSurvivors ..................... 387 JanetteVardy CostsofAdjuvantBreastCancerTreatments ...................... 421 NinaOestreicher SocialIssues:MaritalSupport.................................. 441 LouisePicard TheViewandRoleofBreastCancerAdvocacy..................... 451 StellaKyriakydes TheVoiceofaSpecialPatient.................................. 461 StefanAebi Finalword ................................................. 467 Index..................................................... 469 Contributors StefanAebi,MD BreastandGynecologicalCancerCenter,Departments ofMedicalOncologyandGynecology,UniversityHospital,Inselspital,Berne, Switzerland,[email protected] Anne-CatherineAndres,PhD DepartmentofClinicalResearch,University ofBern,Bern,Switzerland,[email protected] LauraBiganzoli,MD ‘‘SandroPitigliani’’MedicalOncologyUnit,Hospital ofPrato-IstitutoToscanoTumori,Prato,Italy,[email protected] FrancesM.Boyle,MBBS,PhD,FRACP PamMcLeanCentre,University ofSydney,Sydney,Australia,[email protected] ShellyM.Brock,MSN,ARNP-C DivisionofHematology/Oncologyand BreastClinic,MayoClinic,Jacksonville,Florida,USA MonicaCastiglione,MD,MHA UniversityofGeneva,ISPM/RGT,Boulevard delaCluse55,1205Geneva,Switzerland,[email protected] AmyJoChien,MD UniversityofCaliforniaSanFrancisco,HelenDiller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California, USA, [email protected] DianaCrivellari,MD DivisionofMedicalOncologyC,CentrodiRiferimento Oncologico,Aviano(PN),Italy,[email protected] NancyE.Davidson,MD UniversityofPittsburghCancerInstitute,University ofPittsburghSchoolofMedicine,Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,USA, [email protected] SilviaDellapasqua,MD MedicalSenologyResearchUnit,DivisionofMedical Oncology,EuropeanInstituteofOncology,Milan,Italy,[email protected] LeishaA.Emens,MD,PhD DepartmentofOncology,TheJohnsHopkins University,Baltimore,Maryland,USA,[email protected] LesleyFallowfield,BSc,D.Phil BrightonandSussexMedicalSchool, UniversityofSussex,EastSussex,UK,[email protected] xi