Adhesives in marine engineering

226 Pages·2012·2.725 MB·English

by  Jan Weitzenbock

Adhesives in marine engineering
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012
Related titles:
Advances in structural adhesive bonding
(ISBN 978-1-84569-435-7)
Adhesive bonding is often regarded as a cost effective and effectual way to join
mechanical structures. This important book reviews the most recent improvements
in adhesive bonding and its wide-ranging potential in structural engineering. Part I
reviews improvements in the most commonly used groups of adhesives. The second
set of chapters discuss the various types of adherends and pre-treatment methods.
A third set of chapters analyse methods and techniques for joint design. The fi nal
group of chapters gives a useful and practical insight into the problems and solutions
of adhesive bonding in a variety of hostile environments such as chemical, wet and
extreme temperatures.
Machining technology for composite materials
(ISBN 978-0-85709-030-0)
Machining processes play an important role in the manufacture of a variety of
composite materials for use in a number of industries, including the aerospace,
marine, civil and leisure sectors. This book reviews and analyses both traditional and
non-traditional methods of machining for different composite materials. The fi rst
part of the book examines traditionally-used machining processes such as turning,
drilling and grinding. In the second part, several non-traditional machining methods
are discussed, such as electrical discharge and laser machining. The fi nal group of
chapters deal with special topics such as cryogenic machining and processes for
metal matrix and wood-based composites.
Failure mechanisms in polymer matrix composites
(ISBN 978-1-84569-750-1)
Polymer matrix composites are increasingly replacing traditional materials, such as
metals, for applications in the aerospace, automotive and marine industries. This
important book explores the main types of composite failure and examines their
implications in specifi c applications. Part I discusses various failure mechanisms,
including manufacturing defects, and addresses a variety of loading forms, such as
impact and the implications for structural integrity. Testing techniques and model-
ling methods for predicting potential failure in composites are also reviewed. Part
II investigates the effects of polymer-matrix composite failure in a range of indus-
tries and looks at recycling issues and environmental factors affecting the use of
composite materials.
Details of these and a complete list of titles from Woodhead Publishing can be
obtained by:
• visiting our web site at www.woodheadpublishing.com
• contacting Customer Services (e-mail: [email protected]; fax: +44
(0) 1223 832819; tel.: [phone] ext. 130; address: Woodhead Publishing
Limited, 80 High Street, Sawston, Cambridge CB22 3HJ, UK)
• in North America, contacting our US offi ce (e-mail: usmarketing@woodhead-
publishing.com; tel.: [phone]; address: Woodhead Publishing, 1518 Walnut
Street, Suite 1100, Philadelphia, PA 19102-3406, USA)
If you would like e-versions of our content, please visit our online platform: www.
woodheadpublishingonline.com. Please recommend it to your librarian so that
everyone in your institution can benefi t from the wealth of content on the site.
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012
Adhesives in marine
engineering
Edited by
Jan R. Weitzenböck
Oxford Cambridge Philadelphia New Delhi
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012
Published by Woodhead Publishing Limited,
80 High Street, Sawston, Cambridge CB22 3HJ, UK
www.woodheadpublishing.com
www.woodheadpublishingonline.com
Woodhead Publishing, 1518 Walnut Street, Suite 1100, Philadelphia, PA 19102-
3406, USA
Woodhead Publishing India Private Limited, G-2, Vardaan House, 7/28 Ansari
Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi – 110002, India
www.woodheadpublishingindia.com
First published 2012, Woodhead Publishing Limited
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012; except Chapters 6 and 7 which are
Crown Copyright
The authors have asserted their moral rights.
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded
sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated.
Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but
the authors and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all
materials. Neither the authors nor the publisher, nor anyone else associated with
this publication, shall be liable for any loss, damage or liability directly or
indirectly caused or alleged to be caused by this book.
Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfi lming
and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without
permission in writing from Woodhead Publishing Limited.
The consent of Woodhead Publishing Limited does not extend to copying for
general distribution, for promotion, for creating new works, or for resale. Specifi c
permission must be obtained in writing from Woodhead Publishing Limited for
such copying.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered
trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation, without intent to
infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2012934586
ISBN 978-1-84569-452-4 (print)
ISBN 978-0-85709-615-9 (online)
The publisher’s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a
sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp which is
processed using acid-free and elemental chlorine-free practices. Furthermore, the
publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable
environmental accreditation standards.
Typeset by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited
Printed by TJI Digital, Padstow, Cornwall, UK
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012
Contents
Contributor contact details ix
Preface xi
1 Introduction to using adhesives in marine and
offshore engineering 1
J. R. Weitzenböck, Det Norske Veritas AS, Norway
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 The need for adhesive bonding in the maritime and
offshore industries 2
1.3 Potential uses of adhesives in the maritime and offshore
industries 4
1.4 Industry specifi c regulations and how to deal with them 9
1.5 Future trends 13
1.6 References 14
Part I Design and analysis 17
2 Selecting adhesives for marine environments
and pre-design 19
J. R. Weitzenböck, Det Norske Veritas AS, Norway
2.1 Introduction: the rationale for adhesive selection 19
2.2 Material and process selection 22
2.3 Adhesive selection step 1: translate design requirements 24
2.4 Adhesive selection step 2: screen using constraints 27
2.5 Adhesive selection step 3: rank using objective 28
2.6 Adhesive selection step 4: seek supporting information 30
2.7 Future trends 30
2.8 Sources of further information 31
2.9 Acknowledgements 32
2.10 References 33
v
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012
vi Contents
3 Designing adhesively bonded joints for ship
applications 34
H. J. Phillips, Royal National Lifeboat Institution, UK
3.1 Introduction 34
3.2 Requirements for adhesively bonded joints for ship
applications 36
3.3 Design and evaluation methods 41
3.4 Future trends and conclusions 43
3.5 References 44
4 Designing adhesively bonded joints for wind turbines 46
C. Nagel, A. Sondag and M. Brede, Fraunhofer Institute
for Manufacturing Technology and Advanced Materials,
Germany
4.1 Introduction 46
4.2 Requirements for adhesively bonded joints for wind
rotor blades 47
4.3 Design and modelling methods 48
4.4 Applications of adhesively bonded joints 61
4.5 Future trends and conclusions 69
4.6 References 71
5 Predicting the failure of bonded structural joints in
marine engineering 72
D. McGeorge, Det Norske Veritas AS, Norway
5.1 Introduction 72
5.2 Design recommendations for bonded structural joints 74
5.3 The infl uence of the marine environment on the capacity
of bonded joints 77
5.4 The response of bonded overlap joints to mechanical loads 79
5.5 Approaches to failure prediction 82
5.6 Predicting the fracture load level of bonded joints 88
5.7 Damage tolerance and resistance to accidental, cyclic and
sustained loads 90
5.8 Conclusions 92
5.9 Acknowledgements 93
5.10 References 94
Part II Testing and characterisation 97
6 Testing the mechanical, thermal and chemical
properties of adhesives for marine environments 99
W. Broughton, National Physical Laboratory, UK
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012
Contents vii
6.1 Introduction 99
6.2 Mechanical testing of adhesives 100
6.3 Thermal properties of adhesives 126
6.4 The effect of creep, fatigue and impact on adhesives 128
6.5 Accelerated environmental testing 133
6.6 Monitoring and assessing degradation 138
6.7 Future trends 145
6.8 Sources of further information 147
6.9 Acknowledgements 147
6.10 References 147
6.11 Appendix: standards 149
7 Assessing the moisture resistance of adhesives
for marine environments 155
W. Broughton, National Physical Laboratory, UK
7.1 Introduction 155
7.2 Moisture degradation of adhesives 156
7.3 Moisture degradation of adhesive joints 161
7.4 Environmental conditioning and testing 173
7.5 Optimising moisture resistance of adhesive joints 178
7.6 Future trends 180
7.7 Sources of further information 181
7.8 Acknowledgements 181
7.9 References 181
7.10 Appendix: standards 183
8 Durability of adhesives in wet conditions 187
J. Comyn, Loughborough University, UK
8.1 Introduction 187
8.2 The effect of water on adhesive joints 187
8.3 The rate of water uptake by adhesives 190
8.4 The effect of salt water on adhesive joints 193
8.5 The effect of humidity on adhesive joints 194
8.6 Other factors affecting durability of adhesives 196
8.7 Preventing loss of joint strength 200
8.8 Sources of further information 201
8.9 References 202
8.10 Appendix: mathematics of diffusion 204
Index 209
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012

Contributor contact details
(* = main contact) Chapter 5
Editor and Chapters 1 Dag McGeorge
and 2 Det Norske Veritas AS
Veritasveien 1, 1363 Høvik
Dr Jan R. Weitzenböck Norway
Det Norske Veritas AS Email: [email protected]
Veritasveien 1, 1363 Høvik
Norway Chapters 6 and 7
Email: [email protected]
Dr W. Broughton
Chapter 3 Materials Processing and
Performance
Dr Holly J. Phillips Materials Division
Royal National Lifeboat Institution National Physical Laboratory
West Quay Road Hampton Road
Poole Teddington
Dorset TW11 0LW
BH15 1HZ United Kingdom
United Kingdom Email: [email protected]
Email: [email protected]
Chapter 8
Chapter 4
Dr J. Comyn
Dr Christof Nagel*, Andrea Department of Materials
Sondag and Dr Markus Brede Loughborough University
Fraunhofer Institute for Loughborough
Manufacturing Technology and Leicestershire
Advanced Materials IFAM – LE11 3TU
Adhesive Bonding Technology United Kingdom
and Surfaces Email: [email protected]
Wiener Str. 12
D-28359 Bremen
Germany
Email: christof.nagel@ifam.
fraunhofer.de
ix
© Woodhead Publishing Limited, 2012