ADHD: A Guide to Understanding Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Changes Over Time in Children, Adolescents, and Adults

313 Pages·2016·1.834 MB·English

by  Paul H. Wender, David A. Tomb

i
ADHD: A GUIDE TO UNDERSTANDING
SYMPTOMS, CAUSES, DIAGNOSIS,
TREATMENT, AND CHANGES
OVER TIME IN CHILDREN,
ADOLESCENTS, AND ADULTS
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iii
F✦IFTH EDITION
ADHD
A Guide to Understanding Symptoms,
Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment,
and Changes Over Time in Children,
Adolescents, and Adults
PAUL H. WENDER, MD
AND DAVID A. TOMB, MD
1
iv
1
Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers
the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education
by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University
Press in the UK and certain other countries.
Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press
198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America.
© Paul H. Wender and David A. Tomb 2017
First Edition published in 1973
Second Edition published in 1978
Third Edition published in 1986
Fourth Edition published in 2000
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior
permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted
by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction
rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the
above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the
address above.
You must not circulate this work in any other form
and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer.
Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
Names: Wender, Paul H., 1934– author. | Tomb, David A., author.
Title: ADHD : A Guide to Understanding Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis,
Treatment, and Changes Over Time in Children, Adolescents, and Adults/
Paul H. Wender, MD, and David A. Tomb, MD.
Other titles: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children,
adolescents and adults
Description: Fifth edition. | Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, [2017]
Identifiers: LCCN 2016012844 (print) | LCCN 2016014571 (ebook) |
ISBN 9780190240264 (paperback) | ISBN 9780190637675 (hardcover) |
ISBN 9780190240271 (UPDF) | ISBN 9780190240288 (EPUB)
Subjects: LCSH: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. |
Attention-deficit-disordered children. | Attention-deficit disorder in
adolescence. | Attention-deficit-disordered adults. | BISAC: PSYCHOLOGY /
Clinical Psychology. | MEDICAL / Psychiatry / Child & Adolescent.
Classification: LCC RJ506.H9 W448 2017 (print) | LCC RJ506.H9 (ebook) |
DDC 618.92/8589—dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2016012844
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Paperback printed by R.R. Donnelley, United States of America
Hardback printed by Bridgeport National Bindery, Inc., United States of America
v
CONTENTS
Preface vii
1. Introduction 1
2. The Characteristics of Children with
Attention- Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 9
3. The Causes of Attention- Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder 39
4. The Development of the Child with
Attention- Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 61
5. Treatment of the Child with Attention- Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder 73
6. Attention- Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
in Adults 159
7. Finding Help 251
Appendix: Diagnostic Criteria: Diagnosis
of Attention- Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
and Related Disorders in Childhood
and Adulthood 265
Index 285
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PREFACE
To avoid possible confusion in terminology, let us explain
what this book is about. Attention- deficit hyperactivity dis-
order (ADHD) has had several names in the past. Among the
earlier names were “minimal brain dysfunction,” “hyperac-
tivity,” and attention- deficit disorder (ADD). The latest and
what we hope is the final name is attention- deficit hyperac-
tivity disorder (ADHD).
In 1973, the senior author published the first version
of this book, The Hyperactive Child. During several years
of treating “hyperactive” children, he had discovered that
the parents of such children needed information about the
nature, causes, and treatment of “hyperactivity,” and that
no book was available with such information in a form suit-
able for the concerned layperson. The Hyperactive Child was
written in response to this need, drawing on clinical and
research experience as previously summarized in a book
for physicians and other professionals working with chil-
dren (P. H. Wender, Minimal Brain Dysfunction in Children,
New York: Wiley, 1971).
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viii | PREFACE
In 1978, the second version of the book was published
that contained new information about the medical and psy-
chological management of “hyperactivity.” It also included
a discussion of the learning disabilities that frequently— but
not always— accompany hyperactivity.
In 1986, the third version was published. It was written
for two reasons: first, as a continuing update and, second, to
acquaint readers with “hyperactivity” in adults. It was based
on information accumulated in our research on “hyperac-
tivity” in adults that we had initiated in 1975. We believed
that an understanding of the condition was as essential for
ADHD adults as it was for the parents of ADHD children.
The third edition presented what we had learned about the
symptoms, the diagnosis, and the treatment of ADHD in
adults.
The fourth edition in 2000 presented an update of our
knowledge of ADHD in children, but it also presented
a much greater expansion of what we had learned about
ADHD in adults across fifteen years of research. It examined
what we had discovered about the symptoms and the char-
acteristic problems that ADHD adults experience socially,
vocationally, and interpersonally and provided two rat-
ing scales we had developed for adults. These scales helped
determine if the adult had ADHD as a child and they also
included the symptoms we used to determine whether he or
she had continuing symptoms of ADHD. The book also con-
tained an update of our knowledge of drug and psychologi-
cal treatments. Finally, we included some case histories of
ADHD children and ADHD adults so that the reader could
get a more intimate feeling for the lives and experiences of
the patients we treat.
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PREFACE | ix
The current edition of this book follows fifteen years of
exciting progress in the study of ADHD during which time
this condition has become widely recognized as common
among both children and adults. This is an update of what
has been learned over those years about what causes ADHD,
how it is recognized, what happens to it as people age, and
how best to treat it. In addition, Dr. Wender has added a
second author to the book, David A. Tomb, MD, who has
been a colleague of his for over thirty years and who also has
extensive experience with ADHD.
This book is dedicated to the ADHD children and their
families who have taught us so much about the disorder. It
is dedicated also to those ADHD adults who have educated
us about their problems and have willingly participated in
scientific experiments over the past forty years, experiments
that have taught all of us more about ADHD in adults. We
continue to believe that better understanding will lead to
better treatment of ADHD and learning disabilities, fre-
quently misunderstood disorders of childhood, adolescence,
and adulthood.