Additions to the gastropod assemblage of the Pliocene of Estepona, southwestern Spain, 2. The genus Spiricella Rang, 1828 (Umbraculida; Umbraculidae)

2015·1.5 MB·English

by  Landau, Bernard M

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Additions to the gastropod assemblage of the Pliocene
of Estepona, southwestern Spain, 2. The genus Spiricella
Rang, 1828 (Umbraculida; Umbraculidae)
Bernard M. Landau
NaturalisBiodiversityCenter,P.O.Box9517,NL-2300RALeiden,TheNetherlands;
CentrodeGeologiadaUniversidadedeLisboa.CampoGrande,1749-016Lisboa,Portugal; InternationalHealthCentres,
Av.InfantedeHenrique7,AreiasSãoJoão,P-8200-261Albufeira,Portugal;[email protected][correspondingauthor]
André Jansen
HertogAlbrechtstraat419-1611GLBovenkarspel,TheNetherlands
Carlos Marques da Silva
DepartamentoeCentrodeGeologia,FaculdadedeCiências,UniversidadedeLisboa,EdifícioC6,CampoGrande,
1749-016Lisboa,Portugal
55
ropeandnotedthatthisthermophilicopisthobranch
ThepresenceofSpiricellaunguiculusRang,1828,isre- species,whichoccurstodayintheeasternAtlantic
portedfromthePlioceneoftheEsteponaBasin fromsouthernPortugaltoMauritania,andthe
(Spain).Thisspecies,bothfossilandpresent-day,isal- Mediterranean(Romani,2014)hasanextraordinarily
waysextremelyrare.Sofar,nooccurrencesoftheani- longhistorystartingintheEarlyOligocene,Rupelian
malhavebeenreported,onlytheshellsareknown.It age.Backthenthespecieshadamuchbroadergeo-
ispossiblethatitsunusuallylongstratigraphical graphicdistribution,includingalsotheNorthSea
longevitymaybeartificialandthatwearedealing BasinandmorenorthernAtlanticcoastsofWestern
withaseriesofcrypticspecies,butatpresentwedo Europe.Theauthorstracedthesharpsouthwardcon-
notfeelthattheseparationoffossilandactualpopula- tractionofitsnortherngeographicaldistributiondur-
tionsisjustified,basedonshellcharactersalone. ingtheCenozoictopresenttimeandconcludedthat
thiscontractionwasinaccordancewiththegeneral
Keywords:Spiricellaunguiculus,Pliocene,Estepona,southern biogeographictrendobservedinotherthermophilic
Spain. Atlanto-Mediterraneangastropodtaxaandwiththe
Neogenetopresent-dayNorthernAtlanticcoolingsce-
nario.
Introduction ThegenusSpiricellawaslongthoughttobemono-
typic.However,Silva&Landau(2008)describeda
Atraditionhasdevelopedsurroundingtheopistho- secondextantspeciesfromthewesternAtlanticSpiri-
branchgenusSpiricella,inwhichtherearealmostas cellaredfernifromAbacoIsland,Bahamas,Caribbean.
manypaperswrittenonthegenusastherearespeci- InthisthirdpaperwereportthepresenceofS.un-
mens.Truetothistraditionwefindourselveswriting guiculusinthePlioceneofEstepona.Fromapalaeo-
thethirdpaperonthegenusinlessthantenyears. biogeographicalstandpoint,itspresenceinthe
Silva&Landau(2007)reviewedthepublishedoc- WesternMediterraneanPlioceneistobeexpected.Al-
currencesforSpiricellaunguiculusRang,1828inEu- thoughtheopisthobranchsintheEsteponaassem-
Basteria79(1-3):55-58(2015)
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blagesstillneedtobepublished(apartfromtheholo- Material–Maximumlength5.0mm.EsVeSA(1),SA.
planktonicgastropods)thisrecordofS.unguiculusis
noteworthyasthisissuch rareandenigmaticspecies, Discussion–Thedateofpublicationofthisspeciesis
andyetusefulinpalaeobiogeography(Silva&Lan- sometimesquotedas1827,whichisthedateofthe
dau,2007). titlepageofthesecondvolumeoftheBulletind'His-
Despitetheseadvancementsinourknowledgeof toireNaturelledelaSociétéLinnéennedeBordeaux.
itspalaeontologicalhistoryanditsgreatlyincreased However,itwasalsopublishedasaseparatepaper
fossilandpresent-daydistribution,thegenuscontin- withthesametitle,Bordeaux(Laguillotière&Co):1-
uesaselusiveasever.Westillknownothingofthean- 31,3pls,withanoteonthetitlepage:‘ExtraitduBul-
imaltowhichtheseshellsbelong,noritsecology letind’HistoirenaturelledeBordeaux,tomeII,6.e
(Romani,2014). livraison,23Décembre1828’(ArieJanssenpersonal
communication,2015).
Material and methods ThesinglespecimenfromEsteponaisbeautifully
preservedandhastheapexandassociatedsulcusin
Thematerialdescribedhereinwascollectedfromthe thepositiondescribedbySilva&Landau(2008,fig.10
sandylens(SAofLandauetal.,2003,text-fig.1)repre- B)forS.unguiculus.Thisisthesecondfossilrecordfor
sentingacoastalintertidalenvironment,withnumer- S.unguiculusintheIberianPliocene.Itwasreported
oussmallgastropodspecimensinagoodstateof fromroughlycoevalbedsfromtheMondegoBasin,
preservation.ThisassemblagewasdatedaslowerPia- Central-WestPortugalbySilva&Landau(2007).
cenzian(lowerUpperPliocene)byGuerraMerchánet Asdiscussedabove,S.unguiculusisfirstrecorded
al.(2002)(Coordinates:X=312135.3903; fromLowerOligocenedepositsandcontinuestothe
Y=4036362.4822),anagecorroboratedbytheassem- presentday.Itwouldbequiteunusualforaspeciesto
blageofEuthecosomata(Janssen,2004).Thematerial besolonglived,anditispossiblethatwearedealing
ishousedintheAndréJansencollection. withcrypticspecies;difficulttoseparateduetothe
paucityofdiscriminatingshellfeaturesandextreme
Abbreviations:EsVeSA=EsteponaVelerínSandylens raritywithinthedepositstheyarefound.
(AndréJansencollection);SA= sandylens,Velerín, ThePlioceneshellfromEsteponahasweak,but
56 Estepona. distinctroundedradialribsexternally,alsoseeninthe
MondegoBasinspecimen,albeitevenmoreweakly
Systematic palaeontology developed.Thespecimendescribedanddepictedby
Hoeksema&Janssen(1984,p.9;Figs4-8inthis
SubclassHeterobranchia paper)hasnodistinctradialribsexternally,although
OrderUmbraculidaOdhner,1939 theauthorssay“someveryfaintradiatinglinesare
SuperfamilyUmbraculoideaDall,1889 visiblebetweentheapexandtheshellmargins”.In
FamilyUmbraculidaeDall,1889 theEsteponashelltheseribsproduceslightcrenula-
tionswheretheyterminateatthemargin,notseenin
SpiricellaRang,1828 theMondegoBasinspecimen,orthefewpresent-day
specimensillustrated.TheEsteponaspecimenhas
SpiricellaRang,1828:226.Typespecies(bymonotypy):Spiricella straightlateralmargins,asdoestheMondegoBasin
unguiculusRang,1828,Miocene,Mérignac,France. assemblageone,whereasthemodernshellshavecon-
cavelateralmargins.Thereisaweaklongitudinal
SpiricellaunguiculusRang,1828(Figs1-3) ridgeinternallyinboththeEsteponaandMondego
specimens,notseeninpresent-dayshells.Thesize(di-
SpiricellaunguiculusRang,1828:227,pl.1figs.1-5. ameterprotoconchEsteponaspecimen320µmvs.350
SpiricellaunguiculusRang,1827[sic]–Angioy&Nicolay,1993: µmforthemodernshells)andpositionoftheproto-
20,unnumberedfigure. conchissimilarinthepresent-dayandfossilspeci-
SpiricellaunguiculusRang&DesMoulins[sic],1828–Silva& mens(seeRomani,2014,fig.9,table2).Afurtherlook
Landau,2007: 21,fig.3(withsynonymy). attheMiocenespecimenillustratedbyHoeksema&
SpiricellaunguiculusRang&DesMoulins[sic],1828–Silva& Janssen(1984)andtheOligocenespecimenillustrated
Landau,2008: 307,fig.10A,B. byValdés&Lozouet(2000)showsthatbothhavevery
SpiricellaunguiculusRang&DesMoulins[sic],1828–Mothset indistinctradialribsexternally,straightlateralmar-
al.,2011: 93,table26,Fig.3a-b,4,11,12a-c. ginslikethePliocenespecimens,nolongitudinalridge
Spiricellaunguicula[sic]Rang,1828–Perna,2013: 247,2unnum- internallylikethepresent-dayspecimensandthepro-
beredfigures. toconchhasasimilarnumberofwhorlsinallspeci-
SpiricellaunguiculusRang,1828–Romani,2014: 515,fig.9. mens.Thediameteroftheprotoconchofthe
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Figs1-8SpiricellaunguiculusRang,1828.1-4,EsVeSA75,maximumlength5.0mm,width2.0mm.Velerínsands,Estepona,Spain,lower
Piacenzian,lowerUpperPliocene;5-8,RGM.225666(samespecimenillustratedbyHoeksema&Janssen,1984),maximumlength6.7
mm,width3.1mm.Miste,Winterswijk,TheNetherlands,BredaFormation,AaltenMember,MisteBed,upperBurdigalian-Langhian,
upperLowertolowerMiddleMiocene(photograph:PetraSoniusandEddeVogel,Naturalis,Leiden).
Oligocenespecimen(328µm)issimilartothatofboth SpiricellaredferniSilva&Landau,2008fromthepres-
thePlioceneandmodernshells.TheMiocenespeci- ent-dayBahamasdiffersinhavingtheapexplaced
menisquotedashavinganucleusdiameterofonly moreperipherally,innothavingasinusassociated
0.14mm.NewphotographstakenoftheMistespeci- withtheapex(seeSilva&Landau,2008,fig.10)and
menshowittohaveaprotoconchdiameterofabout inhavingasmallerprotoconch.
305µm,nucleardiameterof100µm.Hence,allspeci-
mensfromOligocenetothepresentdayhaveaproto- Acknowledgements
conchdiameterof300-350µm.Therefore,whilstwe
maywellbedealingwithcrypticspeciesratherthana WewouldliketothankFrankWesselinghoftheNat-
singleextremelylong-livedone,wedonotfeelthere uralisBiodiversityCenterfortakingthephotosofthe
aresufficientgroundstoseparatethesepopulations Esteponaspecimen,andPetraSoniusandEdde
convincinglybasedonshellmorphologyalone.Ifthe Vogel,alsofromNaturalis,forphotographingthe
present-dayspecimenswerefoundtobedistinct, Mistespecimen.WewouldalsoliketothankRichard
theywouldhavetobeascribedtoanewtaxon,witha WillanandArieJanssenfortheirexcellentcriticalre-
newname,asS.unguiculusisbasedonfossilMiocene viewsandtheircomments,whichhaveimprovedthis
material. paperenormously.
Landau, B.M., Jansen, A. & Silva, C.M. da–SpiricellaunguiculusinthePlioceneofEstepona
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