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Telopea Volume 19: 201-205 The Royal Publication date: 30 December 2016 Botanic Gardens Journal of Plant Systematics dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea10438 & Domain Trust plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/Telopea • escholarship.usyd.edu.au/journals/index.php/TEL • ISSN 0312-9764 (Print) • ISSN 2200-4025 (Online) Additional new species of the lichen genus Pertusaria from China Lihua Zhang and Qiang Ren* College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China 'Author for correspondence: [email protected] Abstract Three Pertusaria species are described as new to science from China: Pertusaria laceromarginata Q. Ren has disciform apothecia with lacerate margins and slightly pruinose, pink disc; a K- epihymenium; 1-spored asci and the presence of hypothamnolic acid. Pertusaria montana Q. Ren has disciform apothecia with epruinose or slightly pruinose, pink disc; a K- epihymenium; 1-spored asci and the presence of gyrophoric acid. Pertusaria yulongensis Q. Ren has verruciform apothecia with concave, black apices; a K+ violet epihymenium; 8-spored asci with dominantly biseriate spores and the presence of fumarprotocetraric acid. Introduction Pertusaria is a large genus in the Pertusariaceae, a widely distributed family throughout the world. The diagnostic characters for species in the Pertusariaceae are the apothecial structure, the number of ascospores per ascus, and spore structure and chemistry (Archer 1997, Schmitt & Lumbsch 2004). During a survey of the Chinese Pertusaria lichen flora, we examined specimens collected from the high mountains in Yunnan and Shaanxi provinces and found three species, here described as new to science. Two of the newly described species were found from the northwestern corner of Yunnan Province belonging to Hengduan Mountains (the southeastern part of the Qingzang Plateau). The other one was found from Mt. Taibai at 3700 m, which is the tallest mountain of the Qinling Mountains in southern Shaanxi Province. Material & methods The specimens examined in the present study are preserved in the herbarium of Shandong Normal University, China (SDNU) and herbarium of Kunming Institute of Botany, CAS, China (KUN). The morphology and anatomy of all specimens were studied using an Olympus SZX16 stereomicroscope and an Olympus BX61 compound microscope and photographed using an attached Olympus DP72 digital camera. The chemical constituents were identified by spot tests and thin-layer chromatography (Orange et al. 2001). © 2016 Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust 202 Telopea 19: 201-205, 2016 Zhang and Ren New Species Pertusaria laceromarginata Q. Ren, sp. nov. Fungal Name No.: FN 570269 Similar to Pertusaria wulingensis Z. S. Sun & Z. T. Zhao but is distinguished by a 1-spored asci and it contains hypothamnolic acid. Type: China: Yunnan: Gongshan County, Qiqi Natural Reserve, alt. 1900 m, on bark, M. Zang s.n. (Herb. No. 4449), 19 Jul 1982 (holo: KUN). Phallus grey or ash-grey, thin, the margin entire and unzoned; surface smooth or weakly tuberculate, generally matt, fissured in the older parts; isidia and soredia absent. Fertile apothecia abundant, disciform, crowded or well dispersed, rarely fused, concolorous with the thallus, initially closed and becoming ruptured with age, (0.3-) 0.5-1.0 mm diam., the margins crenulate or lacerate. Disc pink, slightly pruinose; the fruit center pink; epihymenium hyaline, K-; hypothecium hyaline. Asci 1-spored, clavate; ascospores hyaline, cylindric or ellipsoidal, 160-180 x 50-65 pm; spore wall single, 2-3 pm thick, smooth and not trimmed. Pycnidia not seen. Fig. 1. Chemistry: Cortex K-, C-, KC-, Pd-; medulla K+ purple, C+ red (quickly fading), KC-, Pd-; containing hypothamnolic acid (TLC). Etymology: laceromarginata from the Latin lacer, torn and marginata, margin, a reference to the lacerate margins of the disciform apothecia. Ecology and distribution: Pertusaria laceromarginata is a rare, corticolous species, known only from Gongshan County, Yunnan Province in southwestern China. It grows on bark at altitudes between 1700 m and 1900 m. . Fig. 1 Pertusaria laceromarginata (holotype). Image showing disciform apothecia with lacerate margins and pruinose, pink disc. Scale bar = 1 mm. Comments: Pertusaria laceromarginata is characterized by a grey and matt thallus, lecanorine apothecia with 1-3 pink discs covered with weak pruina, 1-spored asci with cylindric or ellipsoidal spores, the walls of which are smooth and not trimmed, and the presence of hypothamnolic acid. Morphologically, the new species resembles Pertusaria wulingensis, but the latter species has 8 ascospores per ascus and contains psoromic acid (Ren et al. 2009). The new species is chemically identical to Pertusaria novaezelandiae Szatala, but the latter Additional new species of the lichen genus Pertusaria from China Telopea 19: 201-205, 2016 203 species occurs in south-eastern Australia and New Zealand from sea level to 1400 m elevation, and has a K+ violet epihymenium and heavily pruinose or sorediate disc, and possesses smaller spores that are 140-170 x 30-55 pm (Kantvilas 1990). Pertusaria laceromarginata resembles Pertusaria hypothamnolica Dibben (Dibben 1980) in that both species contain hypothamnolic acid and possess asci with a single ascospore. However, P. hypothamnolica is found in the south-eastern United States and contains additional lichexanthone, which is absent from P. laceromarginata. Additional specimen examined: CHINA: Gongshan County, Dulongjiang Town, Dizhengdang Yunnan: Village, alt. 1700 m, Q. Ren 554, 28 Aug 2002 (SDNU). Pertusaria montana Q. Ren, sp. nov. Fungal Name No.: FN 570268 Distinguished from the closely similar Pertusaria bryontha (Ach.) Nyl. possessing a pink disc, having a K- epihymenium and lacking stictic acid. Type: China: Shaanxi: Mt. Taibai, alt. 3700 m, on moss, Y. /. Li &W.Fu L-134, 5 Aug 2005 (holo: SDNU). Phallus white or whitish grey, thin, margins indefinite, not zoned; surface smooth or slightly tuberculate, generally matt, continuous. Isidia and soredia absent. Fertile apothecia disciform, concolorous with thallus, numerous, solitary, subspherical to discoid, dispersed or occasionally crowded, (0.5-) 0.8-2.5 mm diam. Disc pink, plane, epruinose or slightly pruinose; the margins prominent, initially entire but later crenulate. Epihymenium dark brown, K-; hymenium hyaline. Asci 1-spored, clavate; ascospores hyaline, ellipsoidal or cylindric, (138—) 188-208 x 53-70 (-75) pm; spore wall single, 5-12 pm thick, smooth and trimmed, the end wall 17-25 pm thick. Pycnidia not seen. Fig. 2. Chemistry: cortex K-, C+ yellow, KC+ yellow, Pd-; medulla K-, C-, KC-, Pd-; epihymenium K-, C+ red, KC+ red, Pd-; containing gyrophoric acid and trace of thiophaninic acid (TLC). Etymology: From the Latin montana, mountain, a reference to the high mountain habitat. Comments: Pertusaria montana resembles P bryontha both in general appearance and habitat. Both are arctic- alpine species growing on mosses and plant debris and contain one ascospore per ascus. Pertusaria bryontha has a dark brown disc, contains stictic acid and its epihymenium is K+ purple (Chambers et al. 2009) whereas the new species has a pink disc, lacks stictic acid and has a K- epihymenium. Fig. 2. Pertusaria montana (holotype). Image showing a muscicolous thallus and disciform apothecia with epruinose or slightly pruinose, pink disc. Scale bar = 2 mm. 204 Telopea 19: 201-205, 2016 Zhang and Ren Pertusaria yulongensis Q. Ren, sp. nov. Fungal Name No.: FN 570266 Similar to Pertusaria leioplaca DC. but differs in having 8-spored asci and in containing fumarprotocetraric acid. Type: China: Yunnan: Yulong County, Yulong Snow Mountain, on branch, L. S. Wang 88-353a, 6 Nov 1988 (holo: KUN). Phallus grey to black-grey, thin, prothallus absent; isidia and soredia absent. Apothecia verruciform, fertile verrucae abundant, concolorous with the thallus, globose, usually single, rarely 2-3 fused, 0.5-1.0 mm diam., with concave, black apices; ostiole 1 per verruca, inconspicuous; epihymenium K+ violet; hymenium hyaline. Asci 8-spored; ascospores mostly biseriate, 38-70 x 25-40 pm; spore wall double, smooth and not trimmed, 3-5 pm thick. Pycnidia not seen. Fig. 3. Chemistry: Cortex K-, C-, KC-, Pd-; medulla K+ yellow, C-, KC-, Pd+ yellow; containing fumarprotocetraric acid (TLC). Etymology: From the Latin ensis, place of origin, and Yulong County. Comments: Pertusaria yulongensis is characterized by asci with eight mostly biseriate spores and the presence of fumarprotocetraric acid. Pertusaria yulongensis resembles P. leioplaca in morphology, but P leioplaca usually has four spores per ascus and contains 4,5-dichlorolichexanthone (Chambers et al. 2009). The new species is distinguished from the chemically similar species P. yunnana G. L. Zhou & Lu L. Zhang, also from Yunnan Province, by the disciform apothecia and the larger ascospores (Zhao et al. 2014). Additional specimen examined: CFIINA: Yulong County, Lidiping, alt. 3250 m, on branch, /. X. Xi Yunnan: 0159(h), 16 Jun 1984 (KUN 11537). Fig. 3. Pertusaria yulongensis (holotype). Image showing verruciform apothecia with concave, black apices. Scale bar = 1 mm. Additional new species of the lichen genus Pertusaria from China Telopea 19: 201-205, 2016 205 Acknowledgments The authors thank Dr. Alan W. Archer (National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australia) for a pre¬ submission review. This project is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31370066), and the Excellent Young Scholars Research Fund of Shandong Normal University. References Archer AW (1997) The lichen genus Pertusaria in Australia. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 69: 1-249. Chambers SP, Gilbert OL, James PW, Aptroot A, Purvis OW (2009) Pertusaria. In Smith CW, Aptroot A, Coppins BJ, Fletcher A, Gilbert OF, James PW, Wolseley PA. (eds) The lichens of Great Britain and Ireland. (British Fichen Society: Fondon) Dibben MJ (1980) The chemosystematics of the lichen genus Pertusaria in North America north of Mexico. Milwaukee Publications. In Biology and Geology 5: 1-162. Kantvilas G (1990) The genus Pertusaria in Tasmanian rainforests. Lichenologist 22: 289-300. http://dx.doi. org /10.1017/S0024282990000329 Orange A, James PW, White FJ (2001) Microchemical methods for the identification of lichens. (British Fichen Society: Fondon) Ren Q, Sun ZS, Zhao ZT (2009) Pertusaria wulingensis (.Pertusariaceae), a new lichen from China. Bryologist 112: 394-396. http://dx.doi.Org/10.1639/0007-2745-112.2.394 Schmitt I, Fumbsch HT (2004) Molecular phylogeny of the Pertusariaceae supports secondary chemistry as an important systematic character set in lichen-forming ascomycetes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 33: 43-55. http://dx.doi.Org/10.1016/j.ympev.2004.04.014 Zhao ZT, Zhao X, Gao W, Zhou GF, Zhang FF (2014) Pertusaria yunnana, a new species from south-west China. Lichenologist 46:169-173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0024282913000881 Manuscript received 12 March 2016, accepted 12 September 2016