Addiction for Nurses - G. Rassool (Wiley-Blackwell, 2010) WW

234 Pages·2010·1.36 MB·English

Addiction for Nurses

This book is dedicated to Yasmin Soraya, Adam Ali Hussein, Reshad Hassan,
Leyla, Isra Oya, Mariam Safi an and Hassim.

There is no wealth like knowledge, no poverty like ignorance.
Ali Ibn Abi Talib (RadiAllah Anhu)

Addiction for Nurses

Professor G. Hussein Rassool

PhD, MSc, BA, FRSPH, ILTM Cert. Ed., Cert. Couns., Cert.
in Supervision and Consultation

Director of Inter-Cultural Therapy Centre, Mauritius
Visiting Professor of Addiction and Mental Health, Departamento de Psiquiatria
e Ciências Humanas da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da
Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil
Visiting Professor, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Florence Nightingale Research Foundation Scholar
Formerly Senior Lecturer in Addictive Behaviour, Department of Addictive
Behaviour and Psychological Medicine, Centre for Addiction Studies,
St George’s University of London, UK

A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication

This edition fi rst published 2010
© 2010 G. Hussein Rassool

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The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows:

Rassool, G. Hussein.
Addiction for nurses / G. Hussein Rassool.
p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: ‘PRIMARY READERSHIP Student nurses (mental health branch) Postgraduate nursing
students of addiction SECONDARY READERSHIP Addiction Nurses Community Nurses Mental
Health Nurses’–Provided by publisher.
ISBN 978-1-4051-8746-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) – ISBN 978-1-4443-2782-3 (e-book) 1. Substance
abuse–Nursing. 2. Compulsive behavior–Nursing. I. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Substance-Related Disorders–nursing. 2. Behavior, Addictive–nursing.
WY 160 R228a 2010]
RC564.R356 2010
616.86′0231–dc22

2010016814

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.

Set in 10/12.5 pt Palatino by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited
Printed in Malaysia

1 2010

Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi

Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .vii

1 Introduction: Nursing Roles and Challenges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1

2 Myths, Attitudes and Confi dence Skills in Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14

3 Addiction and Society . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22

4 Introduction to Alcohol and Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34

5 Nature and Pattern of Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41

6 Causes and Maintenance of Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

7 Models of Care and Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .60

8 Alcohol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72

9 Nicotine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .90

10 Opiates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .100

11
Cannabis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .109

12 Psychostimulants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .119

13 Other Psychoactive Substances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .139

14 Nursing Emergencies and Care in Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153

15 Blood-Borne Viruses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .163

16 Prevention and Harm Reduction in Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .172

17 Complex and Special Needs in Addiction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .187

18 Women, Ethnic Minorities and Vulnerable Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .196

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212

Preface

Addiction to alcohol and drugs is the foundation of this book. Alcohol and drug
misuse is now regarded as a public health problem. The main aim is to promote
understanding of the issues and strategies surrounding drug and alcohol use and
misuse. It also aims to introduce nurses to the recognition, assessment, prevention
and intervention strategies that can be used to support patients in their early
identifi cation and management of drugs and alcohol.
The book provides an overview of the approach to addiction and underpins a
number of current policy initiatives as applied to current practice. It crystallises
the nature of addiction, the health consequences of alcohol and drugs, and makes
the complexity of the issues associated with addiction more accessible. It is
designed to help nurses and generic health and social care professionals to under-
stand the extent and nature of addiction and provides a framework to assist
practitioners in working with alcohol and drug misusers. It provides a timely and
practical introduction to the fi eld of addiction.

Acknowledgments

I would like to thank all the staff at Wiley - Blackwell for their support and patience
throughout the process of writing and publishing this book.
I am also particularly grateful to Professor Robert West, Addiction Press, who
mooted the idea of writing a practical and no - nonsense book on addiction for
nurses. To Emily Meir who gave me the opportunity to teach nurses. My thanks
also go to Professor James P. Smith, Professor John Strang, Professor A. Hamid
Ghodse and Dr. Nek Oyefeso for their guidance in my professional development.
Special thanks go to Professor Margarita Villar - Luis, Escola De Enfermagem
de Ribeir ã o Preto, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Brazil for our collaboration and
development in publishing, teaching and research activities in addiction and
mental health.
I am beholden to my patients and students for teaching me about practice in
the addiction fi eld. Thanks also go to all the ‘ Mousquetaires ’ - ‘ Barbiers de Seville ’
and my brothers and sisters at Al - Furqaan, Les Guibies for their friendship and
support. I would like to acknowledge the contributions of my teachers who
enabled me, through my own refl ective practices, to follow the path.
My special thanks also to Mariam for all the help and support during the
writing of the book. Finally, I owe my gratitude to my family, Yasmin, Adam
Reshad, Leyla and Isra for being here.