Acute Medicine: Uncommon Problems and Challenges PDF
Preview Acute Medicine: Uncommon Problems and Challenges
Acute Medicine Uncommon Problems and Challenges Acute Medicine Uncommon Problems and Challenges J.F.Cade AM,MD,PhD,FRACP,FANZCA,FCICM,FCCP PrincipalSpecialistinIntensiveCare,TheRoyalMelbourneHospital and ProfessorialFellow,UniversityofMelbourne CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge,NewYork,Melbourne,Madrid,CapeTown, Singapore,Sa˜oPaulo,Delhi,Tokyo,MexicoCity CambridgeUniversityPress TheEdinburghBuilding,CambridgeCB28RU,UK PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridge UniversityPress,NewYork www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge. org/9780521189415 (cid:2)c J.F.Cade2011 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutory exceptionandtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollective licensingagreements,noreproductionofanypartmay takeplacewithoutthewrittenpermissionofCambridge UniversityPress. Firstpublished2011 PrintedintheUnitedKingdomattheUniversityPress, Cambridge Acataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromthe BritishLibrary ISBN978-0-521-18941-5Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthe persistenceoraccuracyofURLsforexternalorthird-party internetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication,anddoes notguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwill remain,accurateorappropriate. Everyefforthasbeenmadeinpreparingthisbookto provideaccurateandup-to-dateinformationwhichisin accordwithacceptedstandardsandpracticeatthetimeof publication.Althoughcasehistoriesaredrawnfromactual cases,everyefforthasbeenmadetodisguisetheidentitiesof theindividualsinvolved.Nevertheless,theauthors,editors andpublisherscanmakenowarrantiesthattheinformation containedhereinistotallyfreefromerror,notleastbecause clinicalstandardsareconstantlychangingthroughresearch andregulation.Theauthors,editorsandpublishers thereforedisclaimallliabilityfordirectorconsequential damagesresultingfromtheuseofmaterialcontainedin thisbook.Readersarestronglyadvisedtopaycareful attentiontoinformationprovidedbythemanufacturerof anydrugsorequipmentthattheyplantouse. Tomyfamily Contents Preface pagexvi A Abciximab 1 Alzheimer’sdisease 16 Abortion 1 Amanita 16 Abruptioplacentae(placentalabruption) 1 Amenorrhoea 16 Acanthosisnigricans 1 Aminoaciduria 17 ACE 1 Aminocaproicacid 17 Acetazolamide 1 Ammonia 17 Acetylsalicylicacid 1 Amnesia 17 Achlorhydria 1 Amnioticfluidembolism 17 Acidosis,lactic 1 Amoebiasis 18 Acidosis,renaltubular 1 Amphetamines 19 Acquiredimmunodeficiencysyndrome 1 Amyloid 20 Acromegaly 2 Amyotrophiclateralsclerosis 20 ACTH 4 Anaemia 21 Actinomyceteinfections 4 Anaphylaxis 24 Actinomycosis 4 ANCA 24 Acutebrainsyndrome 4 Aneurysms,mycotic 25 Acutefattyliverofpregnancy 4 Angiodysplasia 25 Acutelungirritation 4 Angioedema 25 Acutepulmonaryoedema 5 Angiotensin 26 Acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome 6 Angiotensin-convertingenzyme 26 Acyclovir 6 Animalbites 27 Addison’sdisease 8 Aniongap 27 Adenosine 8 Ankylosingspondylitis 27 Adrenalinsufficiency 8 Anorectalinfections 28 Adrenocorticotropichormone 11 Anorecticagents 29 Adultrespiratorydistresssyndrome 11 Anorexianervosa 29 Agammaglobulinaemia 11 Anthrax 30 Agranulocytosis 12 Antibiotic-associatedcolitis 30 AIDS 12 Anticardiolipinantibody 30 Airembolism 12 Anticholinergicagents 31 Alcohol,methyl 12 Anticholinesterases 31 Aldosterone 12 Anticoagulants 32 Alkaloids 12 Antidiuretichormone 34 Allergicbronchopulmonaryaspergillosis 13 Antinuclearantibodies 34 Allergicgranulomatosisandangiitis 13 Antiphospholipidsyndrome 34 Alopecia 13 Antiplateletagents 36 Alpha-fetoprotein 14 Antiprotease 37 Alpha -antitrypsindeficiency 14 AntithrombinIII 37 1 Altitude 15 Aorticcoarctation 38 Aluminium 15 Aorticdissection 39 Alveolarhypoventilation 16 Aortitis 40 vii Contents Aplasticanaemia 40 Blisters 67 ARDS 40 Boerhaave’ssyndrome 67 Argatroban 40 Botulism 67 Arnold–Chiarimalformation 40 Bovinespongiformencephalopathy 67 Arsenic 41 Bromocriptine 67 Arteriovenousmalformations 42 Bronchiectasis 68 Arteritis 43 Bronchiolitisobliterans 68 Arthritis 44 Bronchocentricgranulomatosis 69 Arthropathies 45 Brucellosis 69 Arthropods 45 Budd–Chiarisyndrome 69 Arthusreaction 45 Bullae 70 Asbestos 45 Burns,respiratorycomplications 70 Aspergillosis 47 Byssinosis 71 Asplenia 48 Aspiration 48 C Cadmium 72 Aspirin 49 Calciphylaxis 72 Asthma 50 Calcitonin 72 Asthmaticpulmonaryeosinophilia 51 Calcium 73 Atrialnatriureticfactor 51 Calciumdisodiumedetate 73 Autacoids 52 Cancer 73 Auto-erythrocytepurpura 52 Cancercomplications 74 Autoimmunedisorders 52 Carbonmonoxide 75 Autonomicdysreflexia 53 Carbontetrachloride 77 Avianinfluenza 54 Carbonicanhydraseinhibitors 77 Carboxyhaemoglobin 78 B Bacillaryangiomatosis 54 Carcinoembryonicantigen 78 Bacillarypeliosishepatis 54 Carcinoidsyndrome 79 Bacitracin 54 Cardiactumours 80 Baclofen 54 Cardiomyopathies 81 BAL 55 Cardiovasculardiseases 84 Barotrauma 55 Catbites 85 Basophilia 55 Cat-scratchdisease 85 Batbites 55 Cavitation 86 Bathing 55 Cellulitis 87 Bedrest 56 Centralpontinemyelinolysis 87 Beestings 56 Cerebellardegeneration 88 Behcet’ssyndrome 56 Cerebralarterialgasembolism 88 Bell’spalsy 57 Cerebralarteritis 88 BenceJonesprotein 57 Charcot–Marie–Toothdisease 88 Benignintracranialhypertension 58 Chelatingagents 89 Beriberi 58 Chemicalpoisoning 91 Beryllium 58 Chestwalldisorders 92 Beta -microglobulin 59 Cheyne–Stokesrespiration 92 2 Biliarycirrhosis 59 Chinese-restaurantsyndrome 92 Biomarkers 60 Chlorine 93 Bioterrorism 60 Cholangitis 93 Birdfancier’slung 60 Cholera 94 Birdflu 61 Cholestasis 94 Bismuth 61 Cholinergicagonists 95 Bitesandstings 61 Cholinergiccrisis 95 Bivalirudin 66 Cholinolyticagents 95 Bleomycin 66 Christmasdisease 95 viii
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