Acute Coronary Care: Principles and Practice PDF
Preview Acute Coronary Care: Principles and Practice
ACUTE CORONARY CARE ACUTE CORONARY CARE Principles and Practice edited by Robert M. Califf Galen S . Wagner 1985 Martinus Nijhoff Publishing A member of the Kluwer Academic Publishers Group BOSTON DORDRECHT LANCASTER u " Copyright 1985 © by Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, Boston Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1985 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without written permission of the publisher, Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, 190 Old Derby Street, Hingham, Massachusetts 02043 DISTRIBUTORS: For North America For all other countries Kluwer Academic Publishers Kluwer Academic Publishers Group 190 Old Derby Street Distribution Centre Hingham, MA 02043 P.O. Box 322 3300 AH Dordrecht The Netherlands Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Acute coronary care: Includes index. l. Coronary heart disease. 2. Heart-Muscle Diseases. 3. Critical care medicine. I. Califf, Robert M. II. Wagner, Galen S. RC685.C6A283 1984 616.1'23 84-10158 ISBN-13: 97S-1-4613-3S30-7 e-ISBN-I3: 97S-1-4613-3S2S-4 001: 10.1007/978-1-4613-3828-4 CONTENTS Contributing Authors Xl 8. Clinical Pharmacology of Preface xv Streptokinase 67 David S. Grierson 1. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ISCHEMIC 9. Terminology for Location of Acute HEART DISEASE 2 Myocardial Infarcts 75 William C. Roberts and Julius M. Gardin 1. Factors that Regulate Transmural Myocardial Blood Flow 10. Subendocardial versus Transmural Distribution 3 Infarction: Anatomic and Joseph C. Greenfield, Jr., andJudith C. Rembert Electrocardiographic Considerations 81 2. The Relationship between Coronary Raymond E. ldeker Blood Flow and Reversible and Irreversibl~ Ischemic Injury 9 11. Hemodynamic Abnormalities in Acute Keith A. Reimer Myocardial Infarction 91 John T. Baker 3. Energy Metabolism and Transport in the Ischemic and Postischemic 12. Autonomic Imbalance during Acute Myocardium 21 Myocardial Ischemia and Judith L. Swain and Richard L. Sabina Infarction 97 Marc D. Thames 4. The Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis of the Coronary II. THE PREDICTION AND PREVENTION Arteries and Changes that Predispose OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA to Ischemic Heart Disease 33 AND INFARCTION 105 John T. Fallon 13. The Changing Prognosis of Patients 5. The Role of Coronary Artery Spasm with Unstable Angina and Acute in Acute Ischemic Syndromes 41 Myocardial Infarction 107 Robert A. Chahine Robert M. Califf 6. The Role of Thrombosis in Acute 14. Risk Factors that Predict Fatal Myocardial Ischemic and Nonfatal Cardiac Events 113 Syndromes 55 Phillip J. Harris and Robert A. Rosati David C. Hueter 15. The Role of Nutrition in 7. The Biochemistry of Thrombolytic Atherogenesis and Acute Myocardial Agents 61 Infarction 121 Louis Summaria Rudolph M. Ballentine v VI CONTENTS 16. The Role of Antithrombotic Therapy 24. The Potential Usefulness of Doppler in the Acute Ischemic Ultrasound in Myocardial Syndromes 13 5 Infarction 225 Shaun Coughlin and Lewis T. Williams Stephen M. Teague 17. Clinical Trials of Modification of 25. The Use of Serial Radionuclide Mortality during Acute Myocardial Angiography for Monitoring Infarction 145 Function during Acute Myocardial William T. Friedewald and Curt D. Furberg Infarction 233 Sebastian T. Palmeri III. METHODS FOR DIAGNOSING AND 26. Tachyarrhythmias during Acute SIZING MYOCARDIAL Myocardial Infarction and Options INFARCTIONS 157 for Their Electrical Management 243 18. Serum CK-MB in Diagnosis and Archer Broughton Assessment of Acute Myocardial Infarction 159 Richard D. White, Peer Grande, and V. CORONARY CARE: THE PRE HOSPITAL Galen S. Wagner PHASE 257 19. The Ability of the QRS Complex to 27. The Tiered Response Mobile Determine the Location and Size of Intensive Care System in the Myocardial Infarcts 167 Management of Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest 259 Robert A. Warner, Galen S. Wagner, and Raymond E. ldeker Mickey S. Eisenberg, Lawrence Bergner, and Alfred P. Hallstrom 20. Radionuclide Techniques for Diagnosing and Sizing of Myocardial 28. The First Hour of Acute Myocardial Infarction 179 Infarction Observed during Mobile Frans J. Th. Wackers Intensive Care 265 A. A. J. Adgey and S. W. Webb 21. The Clinical Diagnosis of Right Ventricular Infarction 189 29. Cost Effectiveness of Mobile Intensive Care Unit for an Entire David G. Harrison and Melvin L. Marcus Community 281 Sidney Goldstein IV. METHODS FOR MONITORING THE PATIENT WITH ACUTE MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA 201 VI. CORONARYCARE:THEPOSTADMISSION PHASE 287 22. Hemodynamic Monitoring in Acute Myocardial Infarction 203 30. Optimal Identification of the Patient Robert K. Stack and Richard S. Stack with Acute Myocardial Ischemia in the Emergency Room 289 23. The Use of Echocardiographic Harry P. Selker, Michael W. Pozen, and Techniques for Determining Cardiac Ralph B. D'Agostino Function during Acute Myocardial Infarction 2 11 31. Achieving Pain Relief with Randolph P. Martin Physiologic Management and CONTENTS Vll Analgesic Agents during VIII. CORONARY CARE: THE CORONARY Acute Myocardial Infarction 299 CARE UNIT PHASE 375 Robert Lester 39. The Optimal Use of Temporary 32. The Use of Intravenous Pacing during Acute Myocardial Antiventricular Arrhythmic Agents Infarction 377 during Acute Myocardial Richard N. W. Hauer and K. l. Lie Infarction 311 40. Drug Interactions in Coronary W. Wayne Stargel, Philip A. Routledge, and Galen S . Wagner Care 387 w. Wayne Starg el 33. The Clinical Use of Thrombolytic Agents 321 41. The Use of J3-adrenergic and David S. Grierson, Robert M. Califf, and Calcium-blocking Drugs during Galen S. Wagner Acute Myocardial Ischemia and Infarction 395 34. Methods for Detecting Salvage of Gary L. Stiles Jeopardized Myocardium following Intracoronary Thrombolysis in Acute 42. Respiratory Care for Patients with Myocardial Infarction 335 Acute Myocardial Ischemia 403 Richard S. Stack and Robert K. Stack John D. Hughes and Lewis). Rubin 35. The Role of Surgery in Unstable 43. Optimal Regulation of Preload and Angina Pectoris and Acute Afterload during Acute Myocardial Myocardial Infarction 343 Infarction 411 Marcus A. De Wood, Ronald P. Grunwald, Kanu Chatterjee William P. O'Grady, Michael L. Hinnen, Gerald R. Hensley, and). Paul Shields 44. The Medical Management of Cardiogenic Shock due to Myocardial Necrosis 427 R. M. Norris 45. Surgical Treatment of Cardiogenic Shock following Acute Myocardial VII. CORONARY CARE: THE CORONARY Infarction 439 CARE UNIT 353 Martha). Radford and Harry R. Phillips 36. The Evolution of Care of Patients with Unstable Angina and 46. Myocardial Infarct Expansion and Myocardial Infarction 355 Extension 449 Michael Thomas Judith S. Hochman and Bernadine Healy Bulkley 37. Organization and Administration of 47. Pericarditis following Myocardial the Cardiac Care Unit 359 Infarction 459 Wanda Bride, Marguerite English, Walter L. Floyd and Robert M. Califf 48. Preparation of the Patient, Family, 38. The Cost-effectiveness of Coronary and Staff for Imminent Death on a Care Units 369 Coronary Care Unit 463 Lee Goldman and Harvey Fineberg Ginette Ferszt and Phyllis Taylor V111 CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS IX. CORONARY CARE: THE PREDISCHARGE 54. Electrophysiologic Testing to PHASE 471 Identify High-risk Patients after Acute Myocardial Infarction 511 49. Determination of the Optimal Time Eric N. Prystowsky for Patient Mobilization and Hospital Discharge following Acute 55. Strategies for Assessing the Risk Myocardial Infarction 473 Status of Patients following Acute David B. Pryor Myocardial Infarction or Unstable Angina 517 50. Identification and Prophylactic Robert M. Califf. Sebastian T. Palmeri. and Treatment of Patients at High Risk of Galen S. Wagner Late Postinfarction Sudden Death 479 X. CORONARYCARE:THECONVALESCENT K. I. Lie PHASE 529 51. The Quantification of Residual 56. The Role of Outpatient Ischemia in Patients Recovering from Transtelephonic ECG Monitoring Acute Myocardial Infarction by and Self-medication following Exercise Thallium-20 1 Acute Myocardial Infarction 531 Scintigraphy 483 Daniel David and Elieser Kaplinsky Robert S. Gibson 57. Minimizing Psychological Stress for 52. The Value of Radionuclide Patients and Family following Acute Angiography for Risk Assessment of Myocardial Infarction 537 Patients following Acute Myocardial Michael Rotman Infarction 495 Kenneth G. Morris 58. Minimizing Disability and Optimizing Return to Work 53. Optimal Use of Ambulatory following Acute Myocardial Monitoring prior to Hospital Infarction 541 Discharge following Acute R. Sanders Williams Myocardial Infarction 505 Arthur J. Moss Subject Index 549 CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS A. A. J. Adgey, M.D. Duke University Medical Center Regional Medical Cardiology Center Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA Royal Victoria Hospital Robert A. Chahine, M.D. Grosvenor Road VA Medical Center (lIlA) Belfast, BT12 6BA Northern Ireland 1201 N.W. 16th Street John T. Baker, M.D. Miami, Florida 33125, USA Durham Cardiovascular Health Center Kanu Chatterjee, M.B. 306 South Gregson Street Department of Cardiology Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA University of California 1186 Moffitt Hospital Rudolph M. Ballentine, M.D. San Francisco, California 94143, USA Himalayan International Institute of Yoga Science and Philosophy Shaun Coughlin, M.D. RD 1, Box 88 Cardiac Unit, Department of Medicine Honesdale, Pennsylvania 18431, USA Massachusetts General Hospital 32 Fruit Street Lawrence Bergner, M.D. Boston. Massachusetts 02114, USA Project Restart 508 Smith Tower Ralph B. D'Agostino, Ph.D. 506 Second Avenue Boston University School of Medicine Seattle, Washington 98104, USA Boston City Hospital Cardiology Department 818 Harrison Avenue Wanda Bride, R.N. Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Daniel David, M.D. 7200 Duke North Department of Cardiology Duke University Medical Center Meir General Hospital Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA 44281 Kfar Saba, Israel Archer Broughton, M.D. Marcus A. De Wood, M.D. Baker Medical Research Insti'tute Division of Cardiology Alfred Hospital, Commercial Road Deaconess Medical Center Prahran, Victoria 3181, Australia West 800 Fifth Avenue Bernadine Healy Bulkley, M.D. Spokane, Washington 99210, USA Department of Medicine Mickey S. Eisenberg, M.D., Ph.D. Johns Hopkins Hospital Emergency Medical Service, RC-02 600 North Wolfe Street University Hospital Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA 1959 N.E. Pacific Street Seattle, Washington 98195, USA Robert M. Califf, M.D. Department of Medicine Marguerite English, R.N. Box 31123 Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory IX x CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS Chippenham Hospital Sidney Goldstein, M.D. 710 1 Jahnke Road Division of Cardiovascular Medicine Richmond, Virginia 23225, USA Henry Ford Hospital 2799 West Grand Boulevard John T. Fallon, M.D. Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA Pathology Unit Massachusetts General Hospital Peer Grande, M.D. 32 Fruit Street Department of Cardiology Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA Gentofte Hospital University of Copenhagen Ginette Ferszt, R.N., M.S.N. DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark 1229 Wharton Street c. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19147, USA Joseph Greenfield, Jr., M.D. Department of Medicine Harvey Fineberg, M.D., Ph.D. Box 3246 Institute for Health Research Duke University Medical Center Harvard School of Public Health Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA 677 Huntington Avenue Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA David S. Grierson, M.D. Department of Medicine Walter L. Floyd, M.D. Box 31235 Department of Medicine Duke University Medical Center Box 2997 Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA Duke University Medical Center Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA Ronald P. Grunwald, M.D. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery William T. Friedewald, M.D. Deaconess Medical Center National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute West 800 Fifth Avenue National Institutes of Health Spokane, Washington 99210, USA Federal Building, Room 212 Bethesda, Maryland 20205, USA Alfred P. Hallstrom, Ph.D. Curt D. Furberg, M.D. Biostatistics, F-653 National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Health Sc;iences, SC-32 National Institutes of Health University Hospital Federal Building, Room 212 Seattle, Washington 98195, USA Bethesda, Maryland 20205, USA Phillip J. Harris, M.B. Hallstrom Institute of Cardiology Julius M. Gardin, M.D. Royal Prince Alfred Hospital Cardiology Section Missenden Road VA Medical Center Camperdown, 5901 East 7th Street New South Wales 2050, Australia Long Beach, California 90822, USA Robert S. Gibson, M.D. David G. Harrison, M.D. Cardiac Noninvasive Laboratory University Hospital Box 468, Medical Center Room 406-1 University of Virginia University of Iowa Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA Lee Goldman, M.D., M.P.H. Richard N. W. Hauer, M.D. Department of Medicine Cardiology Department, University Hospital Brigham and Wol11en's Hospital Utrecht, Catharijnesingel 101 75 Francis Street PO Box 16250 Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA 3500 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands CONTRIBUTING AUTHORS Xl Gerald R. Hensley, M.D. Kenneth G. Morris, M.D. Division of Cardiology Division of Cardiology (lIlA) Sacred Heart Hospital VA Medical Center 101 West 8th Avenue 508 Fulron Street Spokane, Washington 99204, USA Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA Michael L. Hinnen, M.D. Arthur J. Moss, M.D. Division of Cardiology University of Rochester Deaconess Medical Center Medical Center West 800 Fifth Avenue PO Box 653 Spokane, Washington 99210, USA Rochester, New York 14642, USA Judith S. Hochman, M.D. R. M. Norris, M.D. Department of Medicine Coronary-Care Unit College of Physicians and Surgeons Green Lane Hospital of Columbia University and Green Lane West St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center Aukland 3, New Zealand Amsterdam Avenue and 114th Street William P. O'Grady, M.D. New York, New York 10025, USA Department of Radiology Raymond E. Ideker, M.D., Ph.D. University of Iowa Departments of Pathology and Medicine Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA Box 3140 Sebastian T. Palmeri, M.D. Duke University Medical Center National Institutes of Health Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA Building 10, Room 7B 15 Elieser Kaplinsky, M.D. Bethesda, Maryland 20205, USA Department of Cardiology Meir General Hospital Harry R. Phillips, M.D. 44281 Kfar Saba, Israel Department of Medicine Box 3126 Robert Lester, M.D. Duke University Medical Center The Graduate Cardiology Consultants, Inc. Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA Suite 505, Pepper Pavilion Graduate Hospital, 1 Graduate Plaza Michael W. Pozen, M.D. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19146, USA (deceased) K. I. Lie, M.D. David B. Pryor, M.D. Department of Cardiology and Department of Medicine Clinical Physiology Box 3531 University of Amsterdam, Wilhelmina Gasthuis Duke University Medical Center Ie Helmersstraat 104 Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA 1054 EG Amsterdam, The Netherlands Eric N. Pryscowsky, M.D. Melvin L. Marcus, M.D. Krannert Institute of Cardiology Department of Internal Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine and the Cardiovascular Center 1100 West Michigan Street University of Iowa Indianapolis, Indiana 46223, USA Room E 318-2 Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA Martha Radford, M. D. Randolph P. Martin, M.D. VA Medical Center Ednam Professional Center Heart Station 2560 B Ivy Road 555 Willard Avenue Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA Newington, CT 06111, USA
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