Acting: An International Encyclopedia of Traditional Culture

455 Pages·2001·3.9 MB·english

by  Mary Beth Osnes

ACTING
An International Encyclopedia

ACTING
An International Encyclopedia
Beth Osnes
Sam Gill
Consulting Editor
B
Santa Barbara,California Denver,Colorado Oxford,England
This Book’s Authorization and distribution is protected by the
www.freemyebooks.info please check this book is the original
book and there is no missing pages or duplicate product . if you
need the latest chapter of this book category www.myfreebooks.info
provide the free resource for you .
www.myfreebooks.info is a project of ubunt organization
ABC-CLIO,Inc.
130 Cremona Drive,P.O.Box 1911
Santa Barbara,California 93116-1911
This book is printed on acid-free paper I.
Manufactured in the United States of America
Contents
ACTING
An International Encyclopedia
Abbey Theatre,1 Ankai Nat,14 Austria,24
Abhinaya,1 Antoine,André (1858–1943), Auto Sacramental,25
Absurdism,1 15 Ayang,25
Abua Masquerade,2 Anyein Pwe,15 Aztec Theater,25
Acropolis,2 Apache Mountain Spirit Dance,
Action Song,2 15 Baga Bundo,27
Actors Studio,3 Apuodaw,16 Balasaraswati,27
Actual Death in the Theater,3 Arab Cinema,16 Bali,28
Adavus,3 Arab Theater,16 Ball,Lucille (1911–1989),29
Adler,Stella (1903–1992),3 Arabic Shadow Puppet Theater, Ballet de Cour,29
Aeschylus (525–456 B.C.),4 17 Bangladesh,29
Aesop,4 Aragoto,17 Bangsawan,30
Africa,4 Arangetram,17 Barba,Eugenio (1936–),30
African American Theater,6 Ardhanarishwara,17 Barbados,30
African Ballets,7 Ardja,18 Baris,31
African Cinema,8 Arena Theatre of the Barong,31
Agin,8 Philippines,18 Barrault,Jean-Louis (1910–
Albania,8 Argentina,18 1994),32
Algeria,9 Argentinean Jewish Theater,19 Barrymore Family,32
Alienation Effect,9 Aristophanes (448–380 B.C.), Batocchino,32
Allen,Woody (1935–),9 19 Bedu,33
American Negro Theater,10 Arlecchino,20 Belasco,David (1859–1931),
Amicales,11 Artaud,Antonin (1896–1948), 34
Anagnorisis,11 20 Belgian Cinema,34
Ancient Greek Theater,11 Ashtapadi Attam,21 Belgium,34
Ancient Mime,13 Atellana,21 Benin,35
Ancient Pantomime,13 Australia,21 Benshi,36
Andreini,Isabella,14 Australian Aboriginal Theater,22 Bergman,Ingmar (1918),36
v
vi Contents
Bernhardt,Sarah (1844–1923), Cenaculo,60 Copeau,Jacques (1879–1949),
36 Champmeslé,Marie Desmares 78
Bharata Natyam,37 (1642–1698),61 Corpus Christi,78
Bhava,38 Changkuk,61 Coryphaeus,79
Bhavai,39 Chao Tan (1915–1980),61 Cothurnus,79
Bhutan,39 Chaplin,Charlie (1889–1977), Craig,Edward Gordon
Bio-Mechanics,39 61 (1872–1966),79
Boal,Augusto (1930–),40 Chau,62 Croatia,79
Bolt,Alan (1930–),40 Chekhov,Anton (1860–1904), Cuba,79
Booger Dance,41 63 Cushman,Charlotte
Booth,Edwin (1833–1893),41 Chekhov,Mikhail (1816–1876),81
Bosnia and Herzegovina,42 (1891–1955),63 Czech Republic,81
Branagh,Kenneth (1961–),42 Chiang Ching (1914–1991), Czechoslovak Cinema,82
Brando,Marlon (1924–),42 64
Brazil,43 Childress,Alice (1920–1994), Da Mu Nao,83
Bread and Puppet Theatre,43 64 Dagelan,83
Brecht,Bertolt (1898–1956),44 Chile,65 Dalang,83
Breuer,Lee (1937–),45 China,66 Dama,85
Brighella,45 China Traveling Dramatic ‘dan Kama,85
Brook,Peter (1925–),45 Troupe,68 Dashavatar Kala,85
Buddha,46 Chinese Cultural Revolution Dasi Attam,86
Buddhism,46 (1966–1976),68 Davis,Bette (1908–1989),86
Buenaventura,Enrique Chinese New Year,68 Dean,James (1931–1955),86
(1925–),47 Chinese Wayang,69 Decroux,Etienne
Bufo,47 Ching,69 (1898–1963),87
Bugaku,48 Ching-I,69 Dench,Judi (1934–),87
Bulandra,Lucia Sturdza Chingana,69 Deneuve,Catherine (1943–),87
(1873–1961),48 Chiton,70 Dengaku,87
Bulgaria,48 Choregos,70 Denmark,87
Bulgarian Cinema,49 Chorodidaskalos,70 Depardieu,Gérard (1948–),89
Bunraku,49 Chou,70 Deus ex Machina,89
Buñuel,Luis (1900–1983),51 Chutti,70 Devadasi,89
Burbage,Richard (1567– Cibber,Colley (1671–1757), Dewa Muda,90
1619),51 71 Diderot,Denis (1713–1784),
Burning Man,51 Cirque du Soleil (Circus of the 90
Burton,Richard (1925–1984), Sun),71 Dietrich,Marlene
52 City Dionysia,72 (1901–1992),90
Butoh,52 Cixi,née Yehonala,Empress Dikir Barat,90
Dowager (1835–1908),72 Dionysia,91
Cai Luong,55 Ckumkpa,73 Dionysian Artists,91
Cambodia,55 Clown,73 Dionysus,92
Canada,56 Cocteau,Jean (1889–1963),74 Dithyramb,93
Canadian Cinema,58 Colombia,74 Documentary Theater,93
Canevas,58 Colombina,75 Dominus Gregis,93
Cantinflas (1911–1993),58 Comedia,75 Dottore,93
Cantonese Rod Puppet Theater, Comédie Française,75 Drama Gong,93
59 Commedia dell’Arte,75 Dulac,Germaine (1882–1942),
Capitano,59 Commedia Erudita,77 94
Caribbean Theater,59 Confrérie de la Passion(Brotherhood Dullin,Charles (1885–1949),
Carpas,60 of the Passion),78 94
Contents vii
Dunham,Katherine (1910–), Gaucho,117 Hat Boi,138
94 Gaulan Kala,118 Heiberg,Johanne Luise
Duse,Eleonora (1858–1924), Gelede,118 (1813–?),138
95 Gendai-geki,119 Hellenistic Theater,139
Dutch Cinema,96 Género Chico,119 Henson,Jim (1936–1990),
George II,Duke of Saxe- 139
Eastwood,Clint (1930–),97 Meiningen (1826–1914), Hijazi,Salama (1855–1917),
Eglogas,97 119 139
Egypt,97 Georgia,119 Hilarotragoedia,140
Ekhof,Konrad (1720–1778), German Cinema,120 Hindi Movies,140
99 Germany,121 Hinduism,140
Ekkyklema,99 Ghana,123 Hira-Gasy,141
Elizabethan England,99 Gielgud,John (1904–2000), Hitchcock,Alfred
England,101 123 (1899–1980),141
Entremés,103 Gilbert and Sullivan,124 Homer,142
Epic Theater,103 Giri,124 Hong Kong,142
Epidaurus,103 Gish,Lillian (1896–1993),124 Hopkins,Anthony (1937–),
Er,103 Gita Govinda,124 143
Eskimo Spirit Play,103 Goethe,Johann Wolfgang von Hsias,143
Esperento,104 (1749–1832),125 Hsii,143
Estonia,104 Gogol,Nikolay (1809–1852), Hua,143
Ethiopia,104 125 Hua Chü,143
Euripides (485–406 B.C.),105 Goldberg,Whoopi (1949–), Hualian,143
Existentialism,105 125 Hula,144
Expressionism,106 Gopal Kala,126 Hun Krabok,144
Gopis,126 Hung,145
Fagfagto,107 Gray,Spalding (1941–),126 Hungarian Cinema,145
Farce,107 Greece,127 Hungary,145
Fasl Mudhik,107 Greek Chorus,127 Hutt,William (1920–),146
Fastnachtspiel,108 Greek Comedy,128
Fay,William (1872–1947),108 Greek Tragedy,129 Ibsen,Henrik (1828–1906),
Federal Theater Project,108 Grotowski,Jerzy (1933–1999), 147
Fellini,Federico (1920–1993), 130 Iceland,148
109 Group Theater,131 Iliad,148
Female Impersonation,109 Grummelot,132 Imbongi,149
Finland,110 Grundgens,Gustav Inao,149
Foot Binding,110 (1899–1963),132 Inca Theater,149
Forman,Richard (1937–),111 Guomundsdóttir,Stefania India,150
France,112 (1876–1926),132 Innamorati,152
Free Southern Theater,113 Gustav III (1746–1792),132 Intermezzo,152
French Cinema,114 Iran,153
Fu Lien Ch’eng,114 Haiti,135 Iraq,153
Fu Tai Hsi,115 Haka,135 Ireland,154
Fugard,Athol (1932–),115 Hakawati,136 Irish Cinema,155
Futurism,116 Hanamichi,136 Iroquois False Face,156
Hanswurst,136 Irving,Henry (1838–1905),
Gamelan,117 Hanuman,137 157
Ganesha,117 Hapa Houle,137 Isinyago,157
Garrick,David (1717–1779), Happening,138 Israel,157
117 Hashigaakari,138 Italian Neorealism,158
viii Contents
Italian Opera,158 Kordax,180 Ludi Romani,199
Italy,159 Korea,180 Ludruk,200
Koutsai Hsi,181 Lugné-Poe (1869–1940),200
Jackson,Glenda (1936–),161 Krio Theater,181 Luxembourg,200
Jacobi,Derek (1938–),161 Krishna,181 Lyric,200
Jagar,161 Krishna Parijat,182
Jamaica,162 Krishnattam,183 Macedonia,203
Japan,162 Kuchipudi,183 Macklin,Charles (1697–1797),
Jataka,164 Kudiyattam,184 203
Jatra,164 Kun Chu,184 Madagascar,203
Java,165 Kurosawa,Akira (1910–1998), Maggio,204
Jia-li Xi,166 185 Mahabharata,204
Jidai-geki,166 Kuse,185 Mai Komo,204
Jones,James Earl (1931–),167 Kwagh-hir,185 Mak Yong,205
Jonkonnu,167 Kwakiutl Mystery Play,185 Malaysia,206
Jordan,167 Kwangtung Hsi,186 Mali,207
Kyogen,186 Mamet,David (1947–),207
Kabuki,169 Mani-rimdu,208
Kadensho,170 Lakon Bassak,187 Manora,209
Kagura,170 Lakon Jatri,187 Mao Tse-tung (1893–1976),
Kala,171 Lakon Kbach Boran,188 209
Kantor,Tadeusz (1915–1990), Lakon Khol,188 Maori,210
171 Lakon Nai,189 Marceau,Marcel (1923–),210
Karagiozis,171 Lakon Nok,189 Marlowe,Christopher
Karagoz,172 Langren Ju,190 (1564–1593),211
Kathak,172 Lao,190 Marx Brothers,211
Kathakali,173 Laos,190 Masks,212
Kathaks,174 Latin American Cinema,190 Matano,213
Kattiakaran,174 Latin American Liberation Mayan Theater,213
Kebyar,175 Theater,192 Mechane,214
Kente,Gibson (1932–),175 Latin American Theater,192 Meddah,214
Ketjak,175 Latin Humanistic Comedy,193 Mei Lan Fang (1894–1961),
Ketoprak,175 Latvia,193 215
Khoi,176 Lazzi,194 Melanesia,215
Khon,176 Lebanon,194 Mele,216
Kiyotsugu,Kanami Lecouvreur,Adrienne Mele Hula,216
(1333–1384),177 (1692–1730),195 Mele Oli,216
Kkoktu Kaksi,177 Legong,195 Menak,216
Knipper,Olga (1870–1959), Lenaia,196 Menander (342–291 B.C.),
177 Lenong,196 216
Kokata,178 Li Yu (1611–1680),196 Mexico,217
Koken,178 Likay,197 Meyerhold,Vsevolod
Kolam,178 Lindberg,August (1846–1916), (1874–1940),219
Komali,179 197 Micronesia,220
Kommissarzhevskaya,Vera Lithuania,198 Midimu,220
(1864–1910),179 Littlewood,Joan (1914–),198 Mie,221
Komos,179 Living Theater,199 Mifune,Toshiro (1920–1997),
Koothambalams,179 Livius Andronicus (240–204 221
Koothu Madams,180 B.C.),199 Miller,Arthur (1915–),221
Kora,180 Ludi,199 Mime,221
Contents ix
Ming Huang (713–756),222 Netherlands,240 Petrushka,261
Minstrel,222 Neuber,Friedrike Caroline Philippine Zarzuela,261
Miracle Play,223 (1697–1760),241 Philippines,262
Mizoguchi,Kenji New Zealand,241 Phlyakes,262
(1898–1956),223 Nibhatkhin,242 Phlyax Play,262
Mnouchkine,Ariane (1939–), Niger,242 Pickford,Mary (1893–1979),
223 Nigeria,242 263
Modrzejewska,Helena,223 Nimaime,243 Pin Peat,263
Mohlam,224 Ninjo,243 Pinakes,263
Mohlam Luong,224 Noh,243 Pirandello,Luigi (1867–1936),
Moldova,224 Nootka Mystery Play,245 263
Molière,Jean-Baptiste Poquelin Norway,246 Piscator,Erwin (1893–1966),
(1622–1673),224 Nouvelle Vague,246 263
Monroe,Marilyn (1926–1962), Nyau Masks,247 Pi-ying Xi,264
225 Planchon,Roger (1931–),265
Monty Python,225 O’Casey,Sean (1880–1964), Plato (427–348 B.C.),266
Morality Play,226 249 Plautus (254–184 B.C.),266
Morocco,226 Oceania,249 Poetics,266
Moro-moro,227 Odissi,249 Poi,267
Moscow Art Theater,227 Odyssey,250 Poland,267
Motokiyo,Zeami (1363– Olivier,Laurence (1907–1989), Polish Cinema,268
1443),228 250 Polish Prison Productions,268
Mudras,229 O’Neill,Eugene (1888–1953), Polus,269
Myanmar,229 251 Polynesia,269
Mysore Shadow Puppet Theater, Onkos,251 Portugal,270
230 Onnagata,251 Po-the-hi,271
Mystery Play,230 Open Theater,251 Presley,Elvis (1935–1977),
Orta Oyunu,252 271
Nadagama,231 Osborne,John (1929–),252 Punch and Judy,272
Nai Nang,231 O’Toole,Peter (1932–),252 Puppeteer,272
Nang Ram,231 Oyama,253 Puppets,273
Nang Sbek,232 Ozu,Yasujiro (1903–1963), Pwe,274
Nang Sbek Touch,232 253 Pya Zat,274
Nang Talung,232
Nang Yai,233 Padded Dancers,255 Qiao-Ying Xi,275
Nat,234 Pageant Play,255 Quetzalcoátl,275
Nat Pwe,234 Pai Yang (1920–),255
Nataraja,234 Pak Dogol,255 Raimund,Ferdinand
Native American Theater,234 Pakistan,256 (1790–1836),277
Natkadaw,236 Panji Tales,257 Ram Lila,277
Naturalism,237 Pansori,257 Ramayana,278
Natya,237 Pantalone,257 Ramukien,278
Natya Sastra,237 Pasku,257 Rappresentazione Sacre,278
Nautanki,237 Passion Play,258 Ras Lila,279
Nazi Germany’s Jewish Theater, Pastor-Bobo,258 Rasa,280
238 Pear Garden,258 Rata Yakuma,280
Nemirovich-Danchenko, Peking Opera,258 Ravanachhaya,280
Vladimir Ivanovich,238 Pelimau,260 Ream Ker,281
Nepal,239 Performance Art,260 Reinhardt,Max (1873–1943),
Nero (37–68),240 Periaktoi,261 281
x Contents
Reiniger,Lotte (1899–1981), Serf Theater,301 Sweden,322
281 Serunai,302 Switzerland,323
Roman Comedy,282 Shadow Puppets,302 Symbolism,323
Roman Theater,Ancient,282 Shakespeare,William Syria,324
Roman Tragedy,284 (1564–1616),302
Romania,285 Shantala,303 Taiwan,325
Romanticism,286 Shaw,George Bernard Tajikistan,325
Roscius (126–62 B.C.),286 (1856–1950),304 Talma,François (1763–1826),
Royal Shakespeare Company, Sheng,304 326
286 Shepard,Sam (1943–),304 Tamasha,326
Royalty and World Leaders as Sherpas,304 Tan,327
Actors,287 Shimpa,305 Tateyaku,327
Ruan Ling (1910–1935),288 Shingeki,305 Tati,Jacques (1908–1982),327
Rueda,Lope de (1510–1565), Shingkuk,305 Taylor,Elizabeth (1932–),328
288 Shinto,305 Taymor,Julie (1948–),328
Rukada,288 Shite,306 Ta’ziya,329
Rural Dionysia,288 Shiva,306 El Teatro Campesino,329
Russia,288 Shomin-geki,306 Teatro del Angel,330
Ruzzante (1502–1543),290 Shootingway,306 Teatro Gaucho,330
Sierra Leone,306 Temple,Shirley (1928–),331
Sainete,291 Singapore,307 Terence (185–160 B.C.),331
Saing,291 Skene,307 Terrukutta,332
Samariyas,291 Slave Actors,307 Terry,Ellen (1844–1928),332
Samisen,291 Slovakia,308 Tewa Ritual Performance,333
Samurai,292 Slovenia,309 Thailand,333
San Francisco Mime Troupe, Socialist Realism,309 Theodora,334
292 Sokari,309 Theologicals,334
Sandae,292 Sophocles (496–406 B.C.),309 Thespis (sixth century B.C.),
Sande Masks,293 South Africa,310 334
Sandiwara,294 South African Worker Plays,311 Thimig,Helene (1889–1974),
Sangyang,294 Soviet Cinema,312 335
Sanskrit Drama,294 Soviet Union,313 Thoai Kich,335
Sarugaku,294 Soyinka,Wole (1934–),315 Tholu Bommalata,335
Satura,295 Spaghetti Western,315 Tholu Pava Koothu,335
Satyr Play,295 Spain,316 Thompson,Emma (1959–),
Satyrs,295 Spanish Cinema,317 336
Saudi Arabia,295 Sri Lanka,318 Thymele,337
Scandinavian Cinema,296 Stanislavsky,Konstantin Tomabo,337
Scandinavian Theater,297 (1863–1938),318 Tomo,337
Schechner,Richard (1934–), Stewart,James (1908–1997), Tou,337
298 319 Tragic Acting in Ancient Greece,
Schiller,Friedrich von Stranitzky,Joseph Anton 337
(1759–1805),299 (1676–1726),319 Las Tres Caídas de Jesucristo,339
Scotland,299 Stratford Festival,320 Trinidad Carnival,338
Semar,300 Strindberg,August Trionfi,339
Sembene,Ousmane (1923–), (1849–1912),320 Trios,339
300 Sunrise Ceremony,321 Trott,339
Sendratari,301 Surabhi,321 Tsure,340
Seneca (5 B.C.–A.D.65),301 Surrealism,321 Tukang Karut,340
Sepukku,301 Sutradhara,321 Tunisia,340