Acta Physiol Scand 1994, 150, 467-470 Author index Aas, P. Responses of noradrenergic nerves in rabbit Buace, J.F. & Stokke, E.S. Angiotensin II and renal ear-artery before and after experimental frostbite, prostaglandin release in the dog. Interactions in 381 controlling renal blood flow and glomerular fil- AHREN, B. see VAN Dijk, G. tration rate, 431 Aksnes, G. see STOKKE, M. ANEMAN, A. see WEIXIONG, H. CarLsson, S. see FENG, Q. ALM, P. see HEDLUND, P. Cassuto, J. see Boyd, L. ANDERSEN, J.L., KLITGAARD, H., BANGsBo, J. & CEDERQVIST, B. & GusTAFSSON, L.E. Modulation of SALTIN, B. Myosin heavy chain isoforms in single neuroeffector transmission in guinea-pig pulmonary fibres from m. vastus lateralis of soccerplayers: artery and vas deferens by exogenous nitric oxide, effects of strength-training, 21 75 ANDERSSON, B. see ERIKSSON, S. CLAUSEN, T. see MADSEN, K. ANDERSSON, K.-E. see HEDLUND, P. Coya, R. see PINEDA, J. ARCHER, D.R., DAHLIN, L.B. & McLean, W.G. Changes in slow axonal transport of tubulin induced DAHLIN, L.B. see ARCHER, D.R. by local application of colchicine to rabbit vagus Diener, M. & Gasato, D. Thromboxane-like actions nerve, 57 of prostaglandin D, on the contractility of the rat Arp1Go’, L.P., see MINETTI, A.E. colon in vitro, 95 ARLOCK, P. see MOrNER, S.E. J.N. ArRLOCK, P. see MOrNER, S.E. J.N. EIKEN, O., Sun, J.C. L. & Mexyavic, I.B. Effects of ARLOCK, P. see MOrneR, S.E. J.N. blood-volume distribution on the characteristics of Arner, M., Usk1, T. & Hécestatr, E.D. Endothelium the carotid baroreflex in humans at rest and during dependence of prostanoid-induced relaxation in exercise, 89 human hand veins, 267 EKBLOM, B. see BALSoM, P.D. AszTELy, A. see EKSTROM, J. EKELUND, U. Jn vivo effects of endothelin-2, endo- thelin-3 and ET, receptor blockade on arterial, venous and capillary functions in cat skeletal muscle, BALKAN, B., see VAN Dijk, G. 47 Basom, P.D., EkBLoM, B. & Sj6pIN, B. Enhanced EKMAN, R. see ToBIN, G. oxygen availability during high intensity inter- Ekstr6M, J., AszTELy, A., HELANDER, H.F. & Tosin, mittent exercise decreases anaerobic metabolite G. Depletion of secretory granules from the feline concentrations in blood, 455 parotid gland: action of NANC transmitters per se, BancsBo, J. Estimation of lactate release from 83 contracting muscles in man, 349 ExstrOM, J., see TOBIN, G. BANGSBO, J. see ANDERSEN, J.L. ERIKSEN, M. & WAALER, B.A. Priority of blood flow to BENESTAD, H.B. see IveRsON, P.O. splanchnic organs in man during pre- and post- Byerk, P. & LUNDVALL, J. Rapid and large plasma meal exercise, 363 volume decrease upon short-term quiet standing, ERIKSSON, S., ANDERSSON, B., GUNNARSON, U & 347 Runporen, M. Hypertension and thirst outlasting Bojoé, L., Cassuto, J., NELLGARD, P. & JONSSON, A. renal vasoconstriction as effects of a brief elevation Adrenergic, cholinergic and VIP-ergic influence on of system angiotensin II in sheep, 181 gastric phasic motility in the rat, 67 FANpriks, L., HAMLET, A. & JONSON, C. Duodenal Bouws, G. see VAN DIJK, G. wall motility, mucosal net fluid and alkaline Brismar, T., Lervert, A. & JoNDAL, M. A method secretion in response to luminal acid: role of the for analysis of cellular K-transport mechanisms vagal nerves and cholingeric transmission, 273 through thallium (7!°T1) uptake in human lympho- FENG, Q., CARLSSON, S., THOREN, P. & HEDNER, T. cytes, 299 Characteristics of renal sympathetic nerve activity Bropin, L. & SHuPLIAKOV, O. Functional diversity of in experimental congestive heart failure in the rat, central glutamate synapses- pre- and post-synaptic 259 mechanisms, 1 FRANCH, J. see MADSEN, K. Brors, O. see STOKKE, M. Brurock, H. see Scuorrt, J. Gapato, D. see DIENER, M. 468 Author index GUNNARSON, U see ERIKSSON, S. JoHNsson, E., Rippe, B. & HARALDSSON, B. Reduced GuNNARSON, U. & RUNDGREN, M. Inefficiency of permselectivity in isolated perfused rat kidneys intracerebroventricular ANP to alter haemody- following small elevations of glomerular capillary namic, plasma vasopressin and renin responses to pressure, 201 haemmorhage in sheep, 441 JONDAL, M. see Brismar, T. Gustarsson, H. & Nitsson, H.RHYTHMIC CONTRAC- JONSON, C. see FANDRIKs, L. TIONS IN ISOLATED SMALL ARTERIES OF RAT: ROLE JONsson, A. see Boo, L. OF K* CHANNELS AND THE Na*,K*-pump, 161 JORGENSEN, L.G., see PERKO, G. GusTAFssoN, L.E. see CEDERQVIST, B. Jue, C. see KRISTIANSEN, S. GustTaFsson, L.E. see PERSSON, M.G. JyncE, P. see Scuorrt, J. GustaFsson, U., Sj6perc, F., Lewis D.H. & TuorsorG, P. Effect of hypoxic hypoxia and KAIJseR, L., see MAGNUSSON, G. ritanserin on capillary flow and oxygenation in rabbit KALZEN, H. see Persson, M.G. skeletal muscle, 39 Kasakl, J., see VALEN, G. KasuGa, N. see TAKEKURA, H. HAGELIN, E.M. see StoKKE, M. KLITGAARD, H. see ANDERSEN, J.L. HAKANSON, R. see ToBIN, G. KRISTIANSEN, S., WojTASZEWSKI, J.F., Juet, C. & HAKKINEN, K. & PAKARINEN, A.SERUM HORMONES AND Ricuter, E.A. Effect of glucose-6-phosphate and STRENGTH DEVELOPMENT DURING STRENGTH TRAIN- pH on glucose transport in skeletal muscle plasma ING IN MIDDLE-AGED AND ELDERLY MALES AND membrane giant vesicles, 227 FEMALES, 211 KVETNANSKY, R. see JezovA, D. HALL, K. see PINEDA, J. HaMLeT, A. see FANDRIKS, L. LakE, M.K., see PINEDA, J. Hao, J.-X., XU, X.-J. & WEISENFELD-HALLEN, Z. LakE, M. see PINEDA, J. Systemic N-nitro-L-arginine-ester (L-NAME), in- LANDE, K., see STOKKE, M. hibitor of nitric oxide synthase, relieves chronic Lanpow, L., see PERKO, G. allodynia-like symptom in rats with spinal cord LANNERGREN, J. see Rypqvist, B. lesion, 457 Larsson, B. see HEDLUND, P. HarALpsson, B. see JOHNSSON, E. LEFVERT, A. see BRISMAR, T. Haroreaves, M. & Proietro, J. Glucose kinetics Lewis D.H. see GustTaFsson, U. during exercise in trained men, 221 LILLRANK, S.M., O’CoNNor W.T., SARANSAARI P. & HEDLUND, H. see HEDLUND, P. Uncerstept U. Jn vivo effects of local and systemic HEDLUND, P., ALM, P., HEDLUND, H., Larsson, B. & phencyclidine on the extracellular levels of catechol- ANDERSSON, K.-E. LOCALIZATION AND EFFECTS OF amines and transmitter amino acids in the PITUITARY ADENYLATE CYCLASE-ACTIVATING POLY- dorsolateral striatum of anaesthetized rats, 109 PEPTIDE (PACAP) IN HUMAN PENILE ERECTILE TISSUE, LINDFELDT, J., see VAN Dijk, G. 103 LINDGREN, S. see MOrNER, S.E. J.N. HEDNER, T. see FENG, Q. LinkIs, P., see PERKO, G. HELANDER, H.F. see Exstr6M, J. LUNDGREN, O. see WEIXIONG, H. HELLSTEN-WESTING, Y. see NORMAN, B.N. LUNDVALL, J. see ByERK, P. HocestatTt, E.D. see ARNER, M. LyNncH, G.S. & WILLIAMS, D.A. THE EFFECT OF HOLtTEN, T. see ScHort, J. EXERCISE ON THE CONTRACTILE PROPERTIES OF SINGLE SKINNED FAST- AND SLOW-TWITCH SKELETAL MUSCLE IsBERG, B. see MAGNUSSON, G. FIBRES FROM THE ADULT RAT, 141 IveRSON, P.O., BENESTAD, H.B. & NICOLAYSEN, G. Haemorrhage-induced splenic vasodilation in the MapDsEN, K., FRANCH, J. & CLAUSEN, T. Effects of rat is mediated by sympathetic vasomotor responses, intensified endurance training on the concentration 373 of NA,K-ATPase and Ca-ATPase in human Jacossson, G. see PINEDA, J. skeletal muscle, 251 JACOBSSON, G. see PINEDA, J. MaGnusson, G., KAIJSER, L., ISBERG, B. & SALTIN, B. JANSSON, E. see NORMAN, B.N. Cardiovascular responses during one- and two- JezovA, D., KveTNANsky, R. & ViGas, M. Sex legged exercise in middle-aged men, 353 differences in endocrine response to hyperthermia Mamavist, U. Effects of long-term portal hyper- in sauna, 239 tension on structure, active force and content of JoHNssON, E., Rippe, B. & HaraLpsson, B. Analysis contractile and structural proteins in smooth muscle of the pressure-flow characteristics of isolated of the rat portal vein, 171 perfused rat kidneys with inhibited tubular re- MakTINUSSEN, H.J., WALDENSTROM, A. & RONQUIST, absorption, 189 G. Dynamic changes of myocardial inisitoltri- Author index 469 phosphate and cyclic nucloetides: relationship to Pinepa, J., Cova, R., JacoBsson, G., Lake, M.K., contractile response in the perfused working rat Ha, K. & Meister, B. Chondrocytes of the adult heart after adrenergic and muscarinic agonist rat express mRNA for insulin-like growth factor stimulation, 133 binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4), 345 Mazevet, D. & PIERROT-DESEILLIGNY, E. Pattern of Proietro, J. see HARGREAVES, M. descending exitation of presumed propriospinal Pura, N. see Rypevist, B. neurones at the onset of voluntary movement in humans, 27 RicHTerR, E.A. see KRISTIANSEN, S. McLegan, W.G. see ARCHER, D.R. Rippe, B. see JOHNSSON, E. MEIsTER, B. see PINEDA, J. Roep, A. An inhibitory effect of veratridine during Mexyjavic, I.B. see E1KEN, O. tetanic stimulation of the rat diaphragm, 389 Minettl1, A.E., Arpico’, L.P., & SAIBENE, F. The Ronauist, G. see MARTINUSSEN, H.J. transition between walking and running in humans: RUNDGREN, M see ERIKSSON, S. metabolic and mechanical aspects at different RUNDGREN, M. see GUNNARSON, U. gradients, 315 Rypgvist, B., PuraLi, N. & LANNERGREN, J. Visco- MOrner, S.E. J.N. see SPENCER, C.I. elastic properties of the rapidly adapting Morner, S.E. J.N. & ARLOcK, P. Mechanical and stretch receptor muscle of the crayfish, 151 electrophysiological effects on the force frequency relationship in mammalian myocardium, 125 SAIBENE, F. see MINETTI, A.E. Morner, S.E. J.N. & ARLOcK, P. The contractile and SALTIN, B. see ANDERSEN, J.L. electrophysiological effects of rolipram in guinea- SALTIN, B. see MAGNuSSON, G. pig papillary muscles and isolated ventricular SARANSAARI P. see LILLRANK, S.M. myocytes, 117 SCHEURINK, A.J.W. see VAN Dijk, G. Morne, S.E. J.N., ARLocK, P. & LINDGREN, S. The Scuott, J., JyNGE, P., HOLTEN, T. & Brurock, H. inotropic mechanisms of the phosphodiesterase Ischaemic episodes of less than five minutes produce inhibitor OPC 3911 alone and in combination with pre-conditioning but not stunning in the isolated rolipram, studied in papillary muscles of ferret and rat heart, 281 guinea-pig ventricular muscle, 325 SECHER, N.H. see PERKO, G. SEED W.A. see SPENCER, C.I. Nay, S. see VALEN, G., SHUPLIAKOV, O. see BRopIN, L. NELLGARD, P. see Boj6, L. SiEsj6, B.K. see ZHAO, Q. NICOLAYSEN, G. see IVERSON, P.O. SjOBERG, F. see GUSTAFSSON, U. NILssoN, H. see Gustarsson, H. Sj6pIN, B. see BaLsom, P.D. NILSSON, U. see WEIXIONG, H. SJODIN, B. see NORMAN, B.N. Nose, M.I. M. see SpENcER, C.I. Smitu, M.L. see ZHAO, Q. NorMaN, B.N., HELLSTEN-WESTING, Y., SJODIN, B. & SPENCER, C.I., MORNER, S.E. J.N., NoBLe, M.I. M. & JANsson, E. AMP deaminase in skeletal muscle of Seep W.A. Influences of stimulation frequency and healthy males quantitatively determined by new temperature on interval-force relationships in assay, 397 guinea-pig papillary muscles, 11 STEFFENS, A.B. see VAN Dijk, G. O’Connor W.T. see LILLRANK, S.M. Stokke, E.S. see Buace, J.F. Stokke, M., AkSNEs, G., LANDE, K., HAGELIN, E.M. PAKARINEN, A. see HAKINEN, K. & Brors, O. Density of L-type calcium channels Payne, G. see Perko, G. in ischaemically preconditioned porcine heart PERKO, G., PAYNE, G., LINKIS, P., JORGENSEN, L.G., regions, 425 LaNpow, L., WaArBERG, J. & SecHER, N.H. Sun, J.C.L. see E1ken, O. Thoradic impedance and pulmonary atrial natri- Szaso, I. see VALEN, G. uretic peptide during head-up tilt induced hypo- volaemic shock in humans, 449 Takekura, H., KasuGa, N. & Yosuioxa, T. Dif- Persson, M.G., Katzen, H. & GustaFsson, L.E. ferences in ultrastructural and _ metabolic Oxygen or low concentration of nitric oxide reverse profiles within the same type of fibres in pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by nitric oxide various muscles of young and adult rats, 335 synthesis inhibition in rabbits, 405 TuHoRBORG, P. see GUSTAFSSON, U. PIERROT-DESEILLIGNY, E. see Mazevet, D. THOREN, P. see FENG, Q. PinepA, J., Coya, R., JacoBsson, G., Lake, M., Tosin, G. see EkstrOM, J. Hatt, K. & Meister, B. Decreased insulin-like Tosin, G., ExstrOM, J., EKMAN, R. & HAKANSON, R. growth factor binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) mRNA Influence of atropine on the depletion of vasoactive levels in the liver after hypophysectomy, 235 intestinal peptide, substance P and calcitonin gene- 470 Author index related peptide from rat parotid gland in response WALDENSTROM, A. see MARTINUSSEN, H.J. to parasympathetic nerve stimulation, 463 WARBERG, J. see PERKO, G. WEISENFELD-HALLEN, Z. see Hao, J.-X. UNGERSTEDT U. see LILLRANK, S.M. WEIXIONG, H., ANEMAN, A., Nitsson, U. & Usk, T. see ARNER, M. LUNDGREN, O. Quantification of tissue damage in the feline small intestine during ischamia- VAAGE, J. see VALEN, G. reperfusion: the importance of free radicals, 241 VALEN, G., Kasak1, J., SzaBo, I., NaGy, S. & VAAGE, WiLuiaMs, D.A. see Lyncn, G.S. J. Histamine release and its effects in ischaemia- Wo)JTASZEWSKI, J.F. see KRISTIANSEN, S. reperfusion injury of the isolated rat heart, 413 Van Dijk, G., BALKAN, B., LINDFELDT, J., Bouws, G., Xu, X.-J. see Hao, J.-X. ScCHEURINK, A.J. W., AHREN, B. & STEFFENS, A.B. Contribution of liver nerves, glucagon, and YOSHIOKA, T. see TAKEKURA, H. adrenaline to the glycaemic response to exercise in rats, 305 ZHAO, Q., SmitH, M.L. & Siesjé, B.K. The Vicas, M. see JezovA, D. conopeptide SNX-111, and -type calcium channel blocker, dramatically ameliorates brain damage as a Waa.er, B.A. see ERIKSEN, M. result of transient focal ischaemia, 459 Acta Physiol Scand 1994, 150, 471-473 Subject index Actin, 57, 171 Chondrocyte, 345 Active force, 171 Chromatolysis, 57 Adrenaline, 305 Circulatory stress, 347 Adrenergic agonists, 67 Colchicine, 57 Adrenergic antagonists, 67 Congestive heart failure, 259 Adrenergic receptors, 373 Corpus cavernosum, 103 Adrenodemedullation, 305 Cortisol, 293 Ageing, 211, 335 Crayfish, 151 Albumin, 189, 201 Alpha-receptor, 133 Desmin, 171 Alternans, 11 Dopmamine, 109 AMPA receptor, 1 Doppler ultrasound, 363 Anaerobic glycosis, 281 Dynamic knee extensions, 353 Andrenocorticotropin, 293 Angiotensin ITI, 181, 431 EDRF, 75 ANP, 441 Electrophysiology, 117, 325 Anterior pituitary, 235 Endothelium-derived contracting factor, 47 Anticholinergic, 273 Endurance training, 251 Arterial baroreflex, 89 Energetics, 315 Arterial blood pressure, 449 Enteric nerves, 273 Arteries, 47 Enzyme activity, 335 Arterioles, 47 Enzyme analysis, 397 Artery, 161, 381 Erythropoietin, 455 Aspartate, 109 ET, receptor, 47 Atropine, 67, 463 Exercise, 89, 141, 363 Autonomic nervous system, 75, 273 E-C coupling, 11 Axonal transport, 57 Females, 211 Baroreceptor, 259 Fibre area, 251 Baroreceptor interaction, 89 Fibre type, 335 Beta-receptor, 133 Fibre type distribution, 251 Biomechanics, 315 Fibre types, 141 Blood flow, 181, 373 Fluid filtration, 347 Blood lactate, 455 Focal ischaemia, 459 Brain, 181, 459 Force frequency relation, 125 Force interval relationships, 117, 325 C3-C4 propriospinal system, 27 FR 139317, 47 Calcium, | Free radicals, 241 Calcium and strontium activation, 141 Frost-bite, 381 Calcium channel blocker, 425 Furosemide, 299 cAMP, 125, 133 cAMP compartment, 117, 325 GABA, 109 Capillary permeability, 189, 201 Gait transition, 315 Carbachol, 133 Gastrointestinal motility, 67 Cardiac output, 353, 363 Glomerular, 189 Cardiopulmonary receptors, 259 Glomerular filtration rate, 431 Cartilage, 345 Glucagon, 305 Catecholam, 373 Glucose, 305 Catecholamines, 293 Glucose homeostasis, 221 Ca-ATPase, 251 Glucose-6-phosphate, 227 Central blood pressure, 449 GLUT4, 227 Central blood volume, 449 Glutamate, | Central pain, 457 Glutamate, 109 472 Subject index Gradient locomotion, 315 L-type calcium channel, 425 Growth factor, 235, 345 Males, 211 5-HIAA, 109 Mean arterial blood pressure, 353 H,-receptor, 413, 413 Mechanical response, 133 Haemoconcentration, 347 Mechanical restitution, 11 Haemoglobin, 347 Metabolic regulation, 221 Haemorrhage, 441 Microcirculation, 39, 47 Heart rate, 449 Microdialysis, 109 Hepatic glucose output, 221 Microspheres, 373 Heteroporosity, 189 Micro-electrode, 39 Hexamethonium, 67 Middle-aged men, 353 Histamine, 413 Milrinone, 125 Histolgy, 241 Mitochondria, 335 HPLC, 397 Morphometry, 57 Human, 397 Motor control, 27 Human veins, 267 Mucosal protection, 273 Hydrogen clearance, 39 Multifibre recordings, 259 Hydrostatic pressure, 201 Multiple action potentials, 389 Hypertension, 181 Muscarinic receptor, 133 Hyperthermia, 293 Muscle contraction, 141 Hypertrophy, 171 Muscle fibre type, 397 Hypotension, 441 Muscle mass, 353 Hypothermia, 11, 381 Myoadenylate deaminase, 397 Hypoxanthine, 455 Myocardial injury, 413 Hypoxia, 405 Myocardium, 11, 133 Hypoxic pressure response, 405 Myocytes, 117, 325 H*, 227 Myofibrillar ATPase histochemistry, 21 Myosin, 171 IGF, 235, 345 Myosin heavy chain isoforms, 21 IGFBP, 345 Immunohistochemistry, 103 Na,K-ATPase, 251, 299 In situ hybridization, 235, 345 NANC-transmitters, 83 Inositol triphosphate, 133 NA*,K*-ATPase, 161 Insulin, 305 Neuropeptides, 463 Intermediate filamnents, 171 Nitric oxide, 75, 405 Intermittent exercise, 455 NMDA receptor, 1 Interneurones, 27 Non-adrenergic non-cholinergic neurotransmission, Intestinal motility, 273 75 Intestinal secretion, 273 Noradrenaline, 133, 161, 305 Intracellular calcium, 11 Noradrenaline release, 75 Intrinsic activity, 227 Noradrenergic nerves, 381 Ion transport, 299 N-type calcium channel blocker, 459 Ischaemia, 413, 457 Ischaemia-reperfusion, 241 Oedema, 347 Ischamic preconditioning, 42 OPC 3911, 325 I,, (calcium current),117, 125, Orthostatic reactions, 347 3256Isometric force, 117, 125, 325 Oscillations, 161 Isradipine, 425 Oxygen pressure, 39 Oxygen uptake, 353 Kainate receptor, 1 Kidney perfusion, 189, 201 PACAP, 103 Parotid gland, 83 Labetalol, 181 Perfusion, 353 Laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDF), 39 Phencyclidine, 109 Leg blood flow, 353 Phosphodiesterase isoforms, 117, 325 Liver nerves, 305 Physical performance, 397 Lymphocyte, 299 Physiology, 281 Subject index 473 Plasma volume, 347 SNX III, 459 Porcine heart, 424 Soccer players, 21 Post-prandial circulation, 363 Sodium channels, 389 Post-extrasystolic potentiation, 11 Somatostatin, 305 Potasssium channel, 161 Spinal reflexes, 27 Preconditioning, 281 Splanchnic circulation, 363 Pressure-response relation, 89 Spontaneous contractile activity, 171 Prolactin, 293 Standing, 347 Prostaglandin D,, 95 Stomach, 67 Prostaglandins, 267, 431 Strength, 211 Pulmonary circulation 405 Strength training, 21, 211 Purine metabolism, 281 Stretch receptor muscle, 151 Stunning, 281 Rabbit, 381 Swimming, 141, 305 Rat, 67, 161, 335, 457 Sympathetic nervous system, 305 Rat colon, 95 Synaptic plasticity, 1 Rat heart, 413 Synaptic vesicle, 1 Rats, 459 Receptor muscle, 151 201TT, 299 Regulation, 235 Thermal stimulation, 259 Relaxation, 1, 267 Thirst, 181 Renal, 181 Thromboxane A,, 95 Renal blood flow, 431 Tubulin, 57 Renal sympathetic nerve activity, 259 Renin, 441 Ureteral occlusion, 431 Reperfusion, 413 Use-dependent inhibition, 389 Respiratory system, 405 Re-generation, 57 Rib, 345 Vagal nerve, 67 Rolipram, 117, 125, 325 Vagotomy, 273 Running, 315 Vascular endothelium, 267 Vascular resistance, 373 Salivaruy glands, 463 Vasoactive intestinal peptide, 83 Sarcolemma, 227 Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, 67 Sauna, 293 Vasoconstriction, 47 Schizophrenia Vasodilation, 47 Secretory granules, 83 Vasomotion, 161 Serotonin, 39 Vasopressin, 441 Serum hormones, 211 Veins, 47 Sheep, 441 Venous oxygen saturations, 449 Single fibres, 21 Veratridine, 389 Single muscle fibre, 335 Viscous model, 151 Skeletal muscle, 251 Voltage clamp, 117, 125, 325 Skinned muscle fibres, 141 Voluntary movement, 27 Small intestine, 241 Smooth muscle, 75, 95, 171 Walking, 315