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ACSM's Introduction to Exercise Science Jeffrey A. Potteiger, PhD, FACSM Director, Center for Health Enhancement Professor, Department of Kinesiology and Health Miami University Oxford, Ohio Potteiger_FM.indd i 11/6/2009 11:13:48 AM Acquisitions Editor: Emily Lupash Product Manager: Andrea M. Klingler Marketing Manager: Christen Murphy Designer: Doug Smock ACSM’s Publications Committee Chair: Jeffrey L. Roitman, Ed. D., FACSM ACSM’s Group Publisher: Kerry O’Rourke Compositor: SPi Technologies First Edition Copyright © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business 351 West Camden Street Baltimore, MD 21201 530 Walnut Street Philadelphia, PA 19106 Printed in China All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or t ransmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their offi cial duties as U.S. government employees are not covered by the above-mentioned copyright. To request permission, please contact Lippincott Williams & Wilkins at 530 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106, via email at To Ellen, Tate, and Caroline for their limitless love and never-ending support Potteiger_FM.indd i 11/6/2009 11:13:50 AM Preface Exercise science is an umbrella term used to describe the study of numerous aspects of physical activity, exercise, sport, and athletic performance that have the common characteristic of movement and the adaptations that occur as a result of physical activity and regular exercise. Exercise science broadly includes the physiological, psychological, nutritional, motor, and functional adaptations and responses to physical activity, exercise, sport, and athletic competition. Physi- cal activity and exercise play very important roles in promoting overall health, healthy living, and reducing the risk for numerous lifestyle diseases. Proper regular exercise and physical training are crucial for maximizing individual and team performance in sports and athletic competitions and for reducing the risk of injury. Exercise science students must therefore be well prepared for understanding how human movement assists individuals in their pursuit of good health and s uccessful sport performance. ACSM’s Introduction to Exercise Science provides an overview of the components important to developing a solid understanding and appreciation of all aspects of exercise science. This book is designed for fi rst year students in exercise science or any of the related areas, including athletic training and sports medicine, clinical and sport biomechanics, clinical exercise physiology, exercise and sport nutrition, exercise physiology, exercise and sport psychology, and motor control and learning. The 12 chapter topics and content were chosen to represent both the foundational and the broad-based professional areas and issues of exercise science. FEATURES Learning Objectives at the beginning of each chapter highlight concepts of importance. Boxes throughout the chapters also highlight important terms and their defi nitions, helping students to identify immediately terminology that may be new or unfamiliar. Interviews with prominent exercise science professionals are featured within the chapters; these individuals provide helpful insight into proper preparation for developing a successful professional career. Critical Thinking Questions are placed throughout the chapters as well to help facilitate discussion and deeper application of concepts. Review Questions at the end of each chapter provide a brief review of the material covered. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIALS Supplemental materials for both students and instructors are available at http:// thepoint.lww.com/ACSMIntroExSci. Available for instructors are • PowerPoint Lecture Outlines • Image Bank, including all fi gures and tables from the text iv Potteiger_FM.indd iv 11/6/2009 11:13:50 AM Chapter 1 Wording of Cha ptPere Tfaitcle v • Brownstone Test Generator • Full Text Online For students, Full Text Online and a Glossary of the key terms in the text are available. This book is designed to provide beginning students with an overview of the foundational content within the areas of exercise science as well as options available for professional career opportunities, career development, and employment. A look into the future focuses on several key paths that exercise science may pos- sibly take in the 21st century. We hope that this book provides the students with valuable insight as they explore the wonderful world of exercise science. Jeffrey A. Potteiger Potteiger_FM.indd v 11/6/2009 11:13:50 AM Acknowledgments I wish to extend a heartfelt thank you to all my professional colleagues who shared their thoughts and insights with me about the content and direction of this textbook. I would like to specifi cally acknowledge Jeffrey L. Roitman and D. Mark Robertson, for their support and belief in me to complete this project, and Ellen E. Adams, for her critical review of the material. Finally, a special thank you is extended to Randal P. Claytor for his thoughtfulness and unending ability to listen. vi Potteiger_FM.indd vi 11/6/2009 11:13:50 AM Reviewers Rudy Aguilar, MEd, CSCS, ATC Craig A. Harms, PhD Head Athletic Trainer Associate Professor Kinesiology, Health & Athletics Department of Kinesiology Pasadena City College Kansas State University Pasadena, CA Manhattan, KS Scott R. Collier, PhD Susan Keith Assistant Professor Associate Professor Appalachian State University Department of Kinesiology Boone, NC Angelo State University San Angelo, TX Shawn H. Dolan, PhD, RD, CSSD Assistant Professor Mark Knoblauch, MS ATC, LAT, CSCS Department of Kinesiology Department of Health and Human Performance California State University University of Houston Long Beach, CA Houston, TX vii Potteiger_FM.indd vi 11/6/2009 11:13:50 AM Contents Preface iv Acknowledgments vi Reviewers vii CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Exercise Science 1 What is Exercise Science? 6 Historic Development of Exercise Science 9 Exercise Science and the American College of Sports Medicine 15 Academic Preparation in Exercise Science 19 Research in Exercise Science 26 CHAPTER 2 E xercise Science: A Systems Approach 37 Nervous System 38 Muscular System 42 Skeletal System 46 Cardiovascular System 49 Pulmonary System 52 Urinary System 54 Digestive System 57 Endocrine System 61 Immune System 65 Energy Systems 68 CHAPTER 3 Exercise Physiology 76 Historic Development of Exercise Physiology 78 The Basis of Study in Exercise Physiology 81 Areas of Study in Exercise Physiology 84 Other Areas of Study 106 CHAPTER 4 Clinical Exercise Physiology 113 History of Clinical Exercise Physiology 114 Duties and Responsibilities 117 Specifi c Disease Conditions 130 CHAPTER 5 Athletic Training and Sports Medicine 148 Historic Development of Athletic Training and Sports Medicine 151 Primary Responsibility Areas of Athletic Training Professionals 156 Sports Medicine 167 Current Issues in Athletic Training and Sports Medicine 172 viii Potteiger_FM.indd vi 11/6/2009 11:13:50 AM