Accelerated Development in Southern Africa

694 Pages·1974·60.86 MB·English

by  John Barratt, Simon Brand, David S. Collier, Kurt Glaser (eds.)

ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT IN
SOUTHERN AFRICA
Also published by Palgrave Macmillan
for S.A.l.l.A.
John Barratt and Michael Louw (editors)
International Aspects of Overpopulation
ACCELERATED
DEVELOPMENT IN
SOUTHERN AFRICA
Edited by
JOHN BARRATT
SIMON BRAND
DAVID S. COLLIER
and
KURT GLASER
Palgrave Macmillan
ISBN 978-1-349-02058-4 ISBN 978-1-349-02056-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-02056-0
Copyright© 1974 South African Institute of International Affairs
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1974 978-0-333-15395-6
All rights reserved. For information, write:
St. Martin's Press, Inc., 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010
Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 72-82636
First published in the United States of America in 1974
in association with the Foundation for Foreign
Affairs, Inc., the Rand Afrikaans University and
the South African Institute of International Affairs
AFFILIATED PUBLISHERS: Palgrave Macmillan
also at Bombay, Calcutta, Madras and Melbourne
Contents
Foreword Lei£ Egeland IX
Preface The Editors Xll
INTRODUCTION: BASIC CONCEPTS AND GOALS OF
DEVELOPMENT
The Goals, Strategy and Environment of Development
Edward W. Weidner 3
Basic Concepts and Goals of Development: An Integral
View Michael H. H. Louw 23
Comments Marcus Arkin and T. T. T hahane 45
PART ONE: DIMENSIONS OF DEVELOPMENT
Chapter 1: Population Factors
Some Fundamental Equations of Social Mechanics
Stanislav Andreski 55
The Population Factor in the Economies of Southern
Africa ]. L. Sadie 6 I
Comment Ben]. Piek 77
Chapter 2: Politics and Government: Political Dynamics
Political Aspects of Economic Development Stefan T.
Possony 8I
Political Aspects of Modernisation Denis Worrall I I 3
Z·
Comments A. W. Stadler and D. Kadzamira I43
v1 Contents
Chapter 3: Politics and Government: Administration
The Policy of Separate Development as a Framework for
Development in South Africa W. B. V osloo I 4 7
Comments B.S. van As, I. 0. H. M. Mapena and
H. W. E. Ntsanwisi I69
Executive Training for Public Administration: The Role
of EIAP as a Regional Centre to Develop
Executive Personnel for Latin America Athyr
Guimaraes I 73
Chapter 4: Economic Factors
Dimensions of Development: An Iconoclastic View of the
Economic Factors Arthur Kemp I93
Some Economic Factors for Accelerated Development in
Southern Africa Marcus Arkin 205
Some Economic Aspects and Implications P. T. Bauer 2 I7
Economic Development and Property Rights Svetozar
Pejovich 235
Comment F. Taylor Ostrander 243
Chapter 5: Agriculture
Agriculture and Development Don Paarlberg 247
Agriculture and Economic Development in Southern
Africa SimonS. Brand 257
A Decade of Agricultural Development in Tanzania and
Kenya Hans Ruthenberg 279
Comments L. L. Sebe and S. B. Ngcobo 293
Chapter 6: Social, Cultural and Religious Factors
Some Aspects of African Society Influencing Development
Anna F. Steyn 299
Social, Cultural and Religious Factors in Changing African
Societies D. M. Ntusi 348
Cultural Discrepancies and Social Change: Studies of
Developmental Processes Gerhard Wurzbacher,
Siegfried Schonherr and Badal Sen Gupta 358
Urbanisation and National Development: A Probable
Case Arch Dotson 3n
Comment D. H. Reader 394
Contents vu
Chapter 7: Education and Training
Education Workshop: Explanatory Note 401
Educational Strategies for Accelerating Development in
Southern Africa Franklin Parker 402
Report of the Education Workshop W. M. K gware and
Franklin Parker 414
Chapter 8: Planning for Development
Requirements for Effective Development Planning
Bruno K nail 4 I 9
Planning for Development T. T. T hahane 44 7
Background to Planning the Development of Bantu
Homelands in South Africa Jan A. Lombard 460
Comment Jan F. Beekman 4 79
Chapter 9: Special Development Problems of Multi-Ethnic
Societies
Development Problems of Multi-Ethnic Societies Kurt
Glaser 483
Political Stability and Economic Development
Theodore L. Shay 503
N.J.
Comments F. J. van Wyk, C. J. Jooste, Rhoodie
and B. I. Dladla 51 3
Discussion 51 8
PART TWO: DEVELOPMENT AND INTERNATIONAL
CO-OPERATION
Chapter Io: International Trade and Investment
International Trade and Investment: The Case of
Swaziland Sishayi S. Nxumalo 525
Botswana Nickel-Copper: A Case Study in Private
Investment's Contribution to Economic Development
F. Taylor Ostrander 534
Comment Arthur Kemp 549
Chapter I I: The Forms of Development Assistance
Some Aspects of the Role of Private Financial Institutions
in Economic Development W. H. Beatty 553
vm Con tents
Co-operation for Development in Southern Africa
G. M. E. Leistner 560
Comment J.J. Stadler 592
Chapter 12: Policies and Interests of the User and Donor
Countr.ies
The Donor-Recipient Relationship and Development:
Some Lessons from the Iranian Experience Norman
Jacobs 595
The Policies, Interests and Attitudes of Donor and
Recipient Countries, and the Role of Multilateral
Aid David Hirschmann 615
Policies and Interests of a Donor Country: The Common-
wealth Development Corporation F. R. Wilson 643
Z·
Comments D. Kadzamira and Henri Razafindratovo 653
PART THREE: EVALUATION AND PROSPECTS
Chapter 13: Rapporteurs' Report
A. Political Questions and Governmental Structure
Kurt Glaser 659
B. Economic Aspects Simon S. Brand 667
C. Major Social, Cultural and Psychological Factors
which Bear upon Problexns of and Prospects for
Accelerated Development in Southern Africa
Lawrence Schlemmer 676
Chapter 14: Epilogue
Epilogue G. van N. Viljoen 691
Annexure: Contributors 697
Index 701
Foreword
The leaders of most of what is now widely known as the Third
World are aware of the vital need to accelerate the development
of their countries, and thus satisfy the rising expectations of their
peoples for a fuller life in the modem world. This applies as
much to Africa as to any other region of the world. But aware
ness of the need is only the beginning; the obstacles to develop
ment must be identified and understood; and ways and means
must then be found to overcome them. For many countries- far
behind on the road to modernisation - this process is not an easy
one. In Africa, in its second decade of independence, the success
stories are few, while many countries are still wrestling with basic
problems standing in the way of meaningful growth. Even in
South Africa - regarded as the most economically advanced
country on the continent - the pace of growth is uneven, and in
some areas development has hardly begun.
Underlying all the problems is often a lack of understanding
of what is involved in the concept of accelerated development.
It was in order to contribute to greater understanding that a con
ference was held in Johannesburg to consider the problems
encountered more particularly in the southern part of Africa,
while at the same time drawing from experience gained in other
parts of the world. In the belief that development is not simply
an economic question, the conference considered also the political
and social aspects. The results are set out in this volume, which
it is hoped will contribute not only to the greater understanding
required, but also to the finding of solutions to the many problems
in developing areas.
The proceedings of a previous conference held at Jan Smuts