Da-Peng Zhang Editor Abscisic Acid: Metabolism, Transport and Signaling Abscisic Acid: Metabolism, Transport and Signaling Da-Peng Zhang Editor Abscisic Acid: Metabolism, Transport and Signaling 1 3 Editor Da-Peng Zhang School of Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing China ISBN 978-94-017-9423-7 ISBN 978-94-017-9424-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-9424-4 Library of Congress Control Number: 2014950346 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg New York London © Springer Science Business Media Dordrecht 2014 + This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Preface Abscisic acid (ABA) is one of the five classic phytohormones, which regulates many aspects of plant growth and development, and is widely known as a ‘stress hormone’ that modulates plant response to a variety of environmental cues, includ- ing both abiotic and biotic challenges. Over the past 30 years, extensive studies with biochemical, molecular genetic and genomic approaches have revealed the main framework of ABA biosynthesis and catabolism pathways, and identified ABA transporters and more than a hundred signaling components of ABA sign- aling pathways. Especially, recent identification of ABA receptors allows to elu- cidate ABA signal transduction from the primary signaling events to downstream gene expression or effector activation, which deepens considerably our under- standing of functional mechanisms of ABA. Additionally and importantly, num- bers of the ABA-related genes have been engineered in crops for stress resistance improvement, which provides opportunities for the development of new crop vari- eties with enhanced stress resistance. The objective of this book is to provide a comprehensive review of all aspects of the mechanisms of ABA metabolism, transport and signal transduction, cov- ering the current state of knowledge of ABA and recent advances in this efi ld. Chapters 1–5 deal with ABA metabolism and transport, which rfistly i ntroduce basic knowledge of chemical structure of ABA and its derivatives in relation to their physiological functions (Chap. 1), followed by critical reviews of ABA metabolic pathways (Chaps. 2 and 5) and ABA transport between cells and at the whole plant level in relation to its function (Chaps. 3 and 4). Chapters 6 and 7 review ABA signal perception by three classes of ABA receptors or candidate receptors with structural insights into how a family of PYR/PYL/RCAR soluble receptors function to perceive ABA, and signaling pathways downstream of the PYR/PYL/RCAR receptors and a chloroplast CHLH/ABAR candidate receptor. Protein kinases and phosphatases involved in ABA signaling are reviewed in Chap. 8, which helps to understand the critical roles of reversible protein p hosphorylation in ABA signaling and especially in the PYR/PYL/RCAR-mediated signaling p athway. Some other key processes of ABA signaling, mediated by protein u biquitination and sumoylation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and transcription factors, are reviewed v vi Preface in Chaps. 9–11. Crosstalk of signaling pathways between ABA and other phyto- hormones as well as between ABA and light attracts much attention in recent years, of which the advances are reviewed in Chaps. 12 and 13. Additionally, ABA has been shown to be a signal to promote ripening of efl shy fruits, and the advances in its metabolism and signaling in efl shy fruits are summarized in Chap. 14. The topics of Chaps. 15–20 are focused on advances in ABA regulation of a diversity of physiological responses, including stomatal movement (Chap. 15), plant responses to drought, salt (Chap. 16) and cold stresses (Chap. 17), the ofl ral transition (Chap. 18), circadian clock (Chap. 19), and plant response to biotic stresses (Chap. 20). The prin- ciple and practice of ABA analysis are also addressed (Chap. 21). The last chapter dis- cusses agricultural signicfi ance of the information on ABA metabolism and signaling and reviews actuality of improvement of stress tolerance in crops by genetic manipula- tion of ABA metabolism and signaling (Chap. 22). I am very grateful to the authors for their excellent contributions to this book, which are of great value to the readers with interests in plant biology and agriculture. Da-Peng Zhang Contents 1 ABA and Its Derivatives: Chemistry and Physiological Functions .... 1 Yasushi Todoroki 2 ABA Biosynthetic and Catabolic Pathways ..................... 21 Akira Endo, Masanori Okamoto and Tomokazu Koshiba 3 ABA Transmembrane Transport and Transporters .............. 47 Mitsunori Seo 4 ABA Transport and Distribution in Relation to Its Function in Plants .................................................. 61 Bingbing Li and Wensuo Jia 5 ABA Conjugates and Their Physiological Roles in Plant Cells ...... 77 Zheng-Yi Xu, Yun-Joo Yoo and Inhwan Hwang 6 ABA Signal Perception and ABA Receptors ..................... 89 Xiao-Fang Wang and Da-Peng Zhang 7 Structural Basis of ABA Perception by PYR/PYL/RCAR Receptors ................................................. 117 Lun Jiang, Xingliang Zhang and Zhongzhou Chen 8 Protein Kinases and Phosphatases Involved in ABA Signaling ..... 137 Shan Liang and Da-Peng Zhang 9 Protein Ubiquitination and Sumoylation in ABA Signaling ........ 177 Yaorong Wu, Feifei Yu and Qi Xie 10 Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and ABA Signalling ............. 191 Ling Bai, Pengtao Wang and Chun-Peng Song vii viii Contents 11 Transcription Factors Involved in ABA Signaling ................ 225 Soo Young Kim 12 Cross Talk of Signaling Pathways Between ABA and Other Phytohormones ................................... 243 Jiaqiang Sun and Chuanyou Li 13 Cross Talk Between Light and ABA Signaling ................... 255 Rongcheng Lin and Weijiang Tang 14 ABA Metabolism and Signaling in Fleshy Fruits ................. 271 Yuan-Yue Shen and Jocelyn K.C. Rose 15 ABA Regulation of Stomatal Movement ........................ 287 Yong-Fei Wang 16 ABA Regulation of Plant Responses to Drought and Salt Stresses ... 315 Yun Ma and Feng Qin 17 ABA Regulation of the Cold Stress Response in Plants ............ 337 Yiting Shi and Shuhua Yang 18 ABA and the Floral Transition ................................ 365 Lucio Conti, Massimo Galbiati and Chiara Tonelli 19 ABA Signaling and Circadian Clock ........................... 385 Sergi Portolés and Da-Peng Zhang 20 ABA Regulation of Plant Response to Biotic Stresses ............. 409 Ligang Chen and Diqiu Yu 21 Principles and Practice of ABA Analysis. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 431 Zhigang Huang, Mohammed Humayun Kabir, Yuan Xiao, Qing Liu, Jianhua Tong and Langtao Xiao 22 Improvement of Stress Tolerance in Crops by Genetic Manipulation of ABA Metabolism, Signaling, and Regulation ...... 447 Hao Du and Lizhong Xiong Contributors Ling Bai Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China Ligang Chen Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China Zhongzhou Chen State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Lucio Conti Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy Hao Du National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and National Center of Plant Gene Research (Wuhan), Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China Akira Endo Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Crop Breeding Research Division, NARO Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center, Sapporo, Japan Massimo Galbiati Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Fondazione Filarete, Milan, Italy Zhigang Huang Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China Inhwan Hwang Division of Molecular and Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea; Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea Wensuo Jia College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Lun Jiang State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China ix x Contributors Mohammed Humayun Kabir Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China Soo Young Kim Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Kumho Life Science Laboratory, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea Tomokazu Koshiba Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan Bingbing Li College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Chuanyou Li State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Shan Liang Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Rongcheng Lin Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Qing Liu Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Phytohormones and Growth Development, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China Yun Ma Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Masanori Okamoto Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, Tottori, Japan Sergi Portolés School of Life Sciences, Center for Plant Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China Feng Qin Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Jocelyn K.C. Rose Department of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Mitsunori Seo RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan Yuan-Yue Shen Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China Yiting Shi State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Chun-Peng Song Institute of Plant Stress Biology, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Department of Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China