Abiotic Stress and Legumes: Tolerance and Management

414 Pages·2020·9.897 MB·English

by  Vijay Pratap Singh (editor), Samiksha Singh (editor), Durgesh Kumar Tripathi (editor), Sheo Mohan Prasad (editor), Renu Bhardwaj (editor), Devendra Kumar Chauhan (editor)

A B I O T I C S T R E S S A N D
L E G U M E S
A B I O T I C S T R E S S A N D
L E G U M E S
Tolerance and Management
Edited by
VIJAY PRATAP SINGH
C.M.P.DegreeCollege, Universityof Allahabad, Allahabad, India
SAMIKSHA SINGH
University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
DURGESH KUMAR TRIPATHI
Amity Institute of Organic Agriculture, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
SHEO MOHAN PRASAD
University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
RENU BHARDWAJ
Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences,
Guru Nanak Dev University,Amritsar,India
DEVENDRA KUMAR CHAUHAN
University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
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Contents
List of contributors......................................................................................xv
1 Exploiting the potential of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria in
legume production...............................................................................................1
Shikha Gupta and Sangeeta Pandey
1.1 Introduction..........................................................................................1
1.2 Importance of legumes........................................................................1
1.2.1 Nutritional benefits .....................................................................1
1.2.2 Significance in agriculture..........................................................4
1.2.3 Health benefits.............................................................................4
1.3 Major constraints in legume production............................................5
1.3.1 Biotic stress..................................................................................5
1.3.2 Environmental stress: Abiotic stress .........................................7
1.4 Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria ...............................................9
1.5 Mechanism of action of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria
in enhancing legume cultivation....................................................... 10
1.5.1 Biofertilization: Enhanced availability of nutrients.................10
1.5.2 Phytohormone regulation: Phytostimulator............................16
1.5.3 Phytoremediation......................................................................19
1.5.4 Biocontrol mechanism: Induced resistance............................20
1.6 Conclusion.......................................................................................... 22
Acknowledgement.................................................................................... 23
References................................................................................................. 23
2 Nod factor signaling in legume-Rhizobium symbiosis: Specificity
and molecular genetics of nod factor signaling........................................33
Ajey Singh, N.B. Singh, Vijaya Yadav, Chanda Bano, Niharika,
Shubhra Khare and Ravi Kumar Yadav
2.1 Introduction........................................................................................33
2.2 Legume-Rhizobium symbiosis: Responses in legumes..................34
2.3 Specificity of legume rhizobial symbiosis........................................ 37
2.3.1 Flavonoids and the flavonoid-NodD recognition....................37
2.3.2 Perception of Nod-factor ..........................................................43
2.3.3 Rhizobial exopolysaccharides..................................................44
v
vi
Contents
2.3.4 Lectins........................................................................................44
2.3.5 Host immunity...........................................................................45
2.3.6 Nitrogen fixation .......................................................................45
2.4 Initial steps of legume rhizobial symbiosis: Nodule
organogenesis.................................................................................... 46
2.4.1 Curling of root hairs, bacteroid formation, and nodule
organogenesis...........................................................................46
2.4.2 Nodule differentiation...............................................................49
2.5 In legumes: Nod factor signaling through molecular basis............ 50
2.5.1 In model legumes Nod-factor signaling..................................51
2.5.2 A unique model of higher specificity in plant-microbe
interaction: Pea (Pisum sativum L.).........................................53
2.6 Feedback regulation mechanism of Nod factor signaling.............. 54
2.7 Conclusion and future prospectives................................................. 57
References................................................................................................. 57
3 The importance of plant growth(cid:1)promoting rhizobacteria for
plant productivity................................................................................................69
Cem Ciftci, Dilek Tekdal and Selim Cetiner
3.1 Introduction........................................................................................ 69
3.2 Function of plant growth(cid:1)promoting rhizobacteria in plant
growth................................................................................................. 70
3.2.1 Siderophores.............................................................................70
3.2.2 The assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen ..............................71
3.2.3 Solubilization of phosphorus...................................................73
3.2.4 Phytohormone biosynthesis.....................................................74
3.2.5 Host plant defense ....................................................................75
3.3 Conclusion and prospects................................................................. 76
References................................................................................................. 77
4 Modulations of legume plants in response to heavy metals
induced stress.....................................................................................................81
Neeru Bala, Priyanka Sharma, Anjana Kumari, Navdeep Singh,
Renu Bhardwaj, Avinash Kaur Nagpal and Jatinder Kaur Katnoria
4.1 Introduction........................................................................................ 81
4.2 Toxic effects of heavy metals in legume plants............................... 83
4.2.1 Morphological effects...............................................................83
vii
Contents
4.2.2 Physiological effects .................................................................85
4.2.3 Genetic effects...........................................................................86
4.3 Mechanism of combating abiotic stress........................................... 87
4.4 Conclusion.......................................................................................... 88
References................................................................................................. 88
5 Role of sugars in mediating abiotic stress tolerance in legumes........93
Aditya Banerjee and Aryadeep Roychoudhury
5.1 Introduction........................................................................................93
5.2 Sugars and plant physiology ............................................................94
5.3 Mechanism of sugar-mediated stress tolerance.............................. 95
5.3.1 Sugars and proline (Pro)...........................................................95
5.3.2 Sugars and phytohormones.....................................................95
5.3.3 Sugars induce abiotic stress tolerance....................................96
5.4 Sugars promote abiotic stress tolerance in legumes...................... 97
5.5 Conclusion and future perspectives................................................. 99
Acknowledgements................................................................................ 100
References............................................................................................... 100
6 Circadian regulation of abiotic stress tolerance in legumes...............105
Ajey Singh, Imtiyaz Hussain, Shadma Afzal, Aishwarya Singh
and N.B. Singh
6.1 Introduction...................................................................................... 105
6.2 Abiotic stress: emphasis on legume crops.................................... 108
6.2.1 Light stress...............................................................................109
6.2.2 Heat stress...............................................................................110
6.2.3 Cold stress...............................................................................111
6.2.4 Drought stress.........................................................................111
6.2.5 Salt stress.................................................................................112
6.2.6 Heavy metal stress..................................................................113
6.3 Symbiosis under abiotic stress....................................................... 113
6.4 Stress responsive genes.................................................................. 114
6.5 Prospective: towards the elucidation of molecular
mechanisms underlying abiotic stress tolerance.......................... 115
6.6 Circadian regulation of stress responsive genes........................... 116
6.7 Circadian control of phytohormone biosynthesis and
signaling: enzymatic regulation...................................................... 119
viii
Contents
6.8 Abiotic stress tolerance by modified circadian regulation
mechanisms in legumes.................................................................. 121
6.8.1 Chickpea...................................................................................122
6.8.2 Common bean.........................................................................123
6.8.3 Pea............................................................................................124
6.9 Conclusion and future prospectives............................................... 126
References............................................................................................... 126
7 Polyamines: A promising strategy for imparting salinity stress
tolerance in legumes.......................................................................................137
Amrita Sharma and Neera Garg
7.1 Introduction...................................................................................... 137
7.2 Polyamines....................................................................................... 139
7.3 PA response to salinity.................................................................... 141
7.3.1 Modulation of endogenous PAs and their metabolism
under salt stress......................................................................142
7.4 Effect of PAs on various physiological and biochemical
processes in crop plants under salt stress..................................... 145
7.4.1 Germination, growth, and development...............................145
7.4.2 Photosynthetic pigments, yield, and attributes....................146
7.4.3 Legume-rhizobia symbiosis....................................................149
7.4.4 Water status and membrane stability....................................151
7.4.5 Nutritional/ion homeostasis...................................................152
7.5 ROS homeostasis/antioxidant response......................................... 154
7.6 PAs: Potential compatible solutes in plants................................... 156
7.7 Conclusion and future perspectives............................................... 157
Acknowledgement.................................................................................. 158
Conflict of interest .................................................................................. 158
References............................................................................................... 158
8 Phytohormonal signaling under abiotic stress in legumes...................175
Geetika Sirhindi, Sandeep Kumar, Manish Kumar,
Harpreet Kaur, Poonam Sharma and Gurvarinder Kaur
8.1 Introduction...................................................................................... 175
8.2 Legumes under different stress conditions.................................... 176
8.2.1 Drought stress and water logging.........................................176
8.2.2 Salinity stress ..........................................................................177
ix
Contents
8.2.3 Temperature stress.................................................................178
8.2.4 Nutrient deficiency and heavy metal toxicity........................178
8.3 Hormonal signaling pathways........................................................ 179
8.4 Regulation of homeostasis by Ca12-dependent SOS signaling... 180
8.5 Role of ABA signaling in stress tolerance...................................... 181
8.6 Reactive oxygen species stress signaling by MAPK modules...... 182
8.7 Hormonal cross-talk during stress.................................................. 182
References............................................................................................... 183
9 Uncovering the role of melatonin as abiotic stress manager in
legumes...............................................................................................................189
Sukhmeen Kaur Kohli, Kanika Khanna, Jaspreet Kour,
Arun Dev Singh, Shalini Dhiman and Renu Bhardwaj
9.1 Introduction...................................................................................... 189
9.2 MEL biosynthesis in plants.............................................................. 190
9.3 Stress-induced alteration in SER/MEL levels................................. 192
9.4 Exogenous application of MEL and abiotic stress......................... 193
9.4.1 Salinity stress and MEL application.......................................195
9.4.2 Heavy netal stress and MEL application................................195
9.4.3 Drought stress and MEL application......................................196
9.4.4 Temperature and SER/MEL application.................................197
9.5 Underlying mechanism of MEL-refereed tolerance and
detoxification.................................................................................... 198
9.5.1 Modulation of hormones cross-talk.......................................200
9.5.2 Quenching of reactive oxygen species by serotonin
and melatonin..........................................................................203
9.5.3 Genetic alterations to modify stress tolerance and
detoxification...........................................................................205
9.6 Conclusion........................................................................................ 208
References............................................................................................... 208
10 Role of reactive oxygen species in the regulation of abiotic
stress tolerance in legumes........................................................................217
Ashutosh Sharma, Pooja Sharma, Rahul Kumar, Vikas Sharma,
Renu Bhardwaj and Indu Sharma
10.1 Introduction...................................................................................217
10.2 Reactive oxygen species homeostasis........................................218
x
Contents
10.2.1 Reactive oxygen species-generating system in
legumes..............................................................................219
10.2.2 Reactive oxygen species-scavenging system in
legumes..............................................................................221
10.3 Reactive oxygen species-mediated regulation of abiotic
stress in legumes..........................................................................222
10.3.1 Pea......................................................................................223
10.3.2 Alfalfa.................................................................................228
10.3.3 Soybean.............................................................................229
10.3.4 Pigeonpea..........................................................................230
10.3.5 Chickpea.............................................................................231
10.4 Role of reactive oxygen species in symbiotic association in
legumes in abiotic stress regulation............................................232
10.5 Performance of transgenic plants with altered expression
of reactive oxygen species regulatory genes under abiotic
stresses ..........................................................................................234
10.6 WRKY: an important regulator of reactive oxygen species
network under abiotic stress response........................................235
10.7 DEAD box helicases-mediated reactive oxygen species
responses under abiotic stress.....................................................236
10.8 Do all kinds of abiotic stresses induce the same kind of
response by the reactive oxygen species
regulatory network?......................................................................237
10.9 Conclusions and future prospects...............................................238
Acknowledgements................................................................................ 239
Conflicts of interest................................................................................. 239
References............................................................................................... 239
11 Role of metabolites in abiotic stress tolerance in legumes...............245
Neha Handa, Upma Arora, Nitika Arora, Parminder Kaur,
Dhriti Kapoor and Renu Bhardwaj
11.1 Introduction...................................................................................245
11.2 Primary metabolites in legumes and their role in abiotic
stress tolerance .............................................................................246
11.2.1 Carbohydrates...................................................................246
11.2.2 Proteins..............................................................................248
11.2.3 Amino acids.......................................................................255