A tribute to Emil Wolf PDF
Preview A tribute to Emil Wolf
EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD G.S. Agarwal CollegeStation,TX,UnitedStates Michael V. Berry Bristol, United Kingdom C. Brosseau Brest, France Y. Cai Jinan, China A.T. Friberg Joensuu, Finland F. Gori Rome, Italy D.F.V. James Toronto, Canada P. Knight London, United Kingdom G. Leuchs Erlangen, Germany J.B. Pendry London, United Kingdom J. Pe(cid:1)rina Olomouc, Czech Republic W. Schleich Ulm, Germany J.C. Schotland Ann Arbor, United States T. Shirai Tsukuba, Japan Elsevier Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,Netherlands TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,Oxford,OX51GB,UnitedKingdom 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates Firstedition2020 Copyright©2020,ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved. Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic ormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem, withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Detailsonhowtoseekpermission,further informationaboutthePublisher’spermissionspoliciesandourarrangementswithorganizationssuch astheCopyrightClearanceCenterandtheCopyrightLicensingAgency,canbefoundatourwebsite: www.elsevier.com/permissions. Thisbookandtheindividualcontributionscontainedinitareprotectedundercopyrightbythe Publisher(otherthanasmaybenotedherein). Notices Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchandexperience broadenourunderstanding,changesinresearchmethods,professionalpractices,ormedical treatmentmaybecomenecessary. Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgeinevaluating andusinganyinformation,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribedherein.Inusingsuch informationormethodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafetyandthesafetyofothers,including partiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessionalresponsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors,assume anyliabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproductsliability, negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products,instructions,orideas containedinthematerialherein. ISBN:978-0-12-818884-2 ISSN:0079-6638 ForinformationonallElsevierpublications visitourwebsiteathttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:ZoeKruze AcquisitionsEditor:JasonMitchell EditorialProjectManager:PeterLlewellyn ProductionProjectManager:AbdullaSait CoverDesigner:MatthewLimbert TypesetbySPiGlobal,India Contributors GirishS.Agarwal DepartmentofBiologicalandAgriculturalEngineering;DepartmentofPhysicsand Astronomy;InstituteforQuantumScienceandEngineering,TexasA&MUniversity, CollegeStation,TX,UnitedStates MiguelA.Alonso TheInstituteofOptics,UniversityofRochester,Rochester,NY,UnitedStates;Aix MarseilleUniversity,CNRS,CentraleMarseille,InstitutFresnel,UMR7249,Marseille Cedex20,France MichaelV.Berry H.H.WillsPhysicsLaboratory,Bristol,UnitedKingdom YahongChen InstituteofPhotonics,UniversityofEasternFinland,Joensuu,Finland;SchoolofPhysical ScienceandTechnology,SoochowUniversity,Suzhou,China AntonClassen DepartmentofBiologicalandAgriculturalEngineering;DepartmentofPhysicsand Astronomy;InstituteforQuantumScienceandEngineering,TexasA&MUniversity, CollegeStation,TX,UnitedStates FabioDiPumpo Institutfu€rQuantenphysikandCenterforIntegratedQuantumScienceandTechnology (IQST),Universit€atUlm,Ulm,Germany AriT.Friberg InstituteofPhotonics,UniversityofEasternFinland,Joensuu,Finland AlexanderFriedrich Institutfu€rQuantenphysikandCenterforIntegratedQuantumScienceandTechnology (IQST),Universit€atUlm,Ulm,Germany GregGbur DepartmentofPhysicsandOpticalScience,UNCCharlotte,Charlotte,NC,UnitedStates EnnoGiese Institutfu€rQuantenphysikandCenterforIntegratedQuantumScienceandTechnology (IQST),Universit€atUlm,Ulm,Germany DanielM.Greenberger CityCollegeoftheCityUniversityofNewYork,NewYork,NY,UnitedStates OlgaKorotkova DepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofMiami,CoralGables,FL,UnitedStates MayukhLahiri DepartmentofPhysics,OklahomaStateUniversity,Stillwater,OK,UnitedStates ix x Contributors HartmutLemmel Atominstitut,TechnischeUniversit€atWien,Vienna,Austria AndreasNorrman MaxPlanckInstitutefortheScienceofLight,Erlangen,Germany;PhotonicsLaboratory, ETHZurich,Zurich,Switzerland SergeyA.Ponomarenko DepartmentofElectricalandComputerEngineering;DepartmentofPhysicsand AtmosphericScience,DalhousieUniversity,Halifax,NS,Canada ErnstM.Rasel Institutfu€rQuantenoptik,LeibnizUniversit€atHannover,Hannover,Germany AlbertRoura Institutfu€rQuantenphysikandCenterforIntegratedQuantumScienceandTechnology (IQST),Universit€atUlm;InstituteofQuantumTechnologies,GermanAerospaceCenter (DLR),Ulm,Germany WolfgangP.Schleich Institutfu€rQuantenphysikandCenterforIntegratedQuantumScienceandTechnology (IQST),Universit€atUlm;InstituteofQuantumTechnologies,GermanAerospaceCenter (DLR),Ulm,Germany;HaglerInstituteforAdvancedStudyandDepartmentofPhysicsand Astronomy,InstituteforQuantumScienceandEngineering(IQSE),TexasA&MAgriLife Research,TexasA&MUniversity,CollegeStation,TX,UnitedStates JohnC.Schotland DepartmentofMathematicsandDepartmentofPhysics,UniversityofMichigan,AnnArbor, MI,UnitedStates AnthonyVella TheInstituteofOptics,UniversityofRochester,Rochester,NY,UnitedStates BrunoWolf E.W.Lupus&Son,Rochester,NY,UnitedStates Preface ThisvolumeofProgressinOpticsisdedicatedtothememoryofEmilWolf, the founding editor of this series who passed away on June 2, 2018. His wide-ranging research has inspired the work of countless optical scientists around the world. In the nine chapters of this book, his family, friends, students,andcollaboratorsdescribehowprofoundhisinfluencewas,notjust as an eminent scientist, but also as a positive source in their lives. I count myselfamongthemanywhogreatlymissEmil’scompany,deepknowledge, and zest for life. The first chapter is written by Emil’s son, Bruno Wolf, and gives some wonderful insight into the dynamics of the Wolf family. Chapter 2, by Michael V. Berry, a member of our editorial board, describestheearlydaysofEmil’scareerinBristol.Incidentally,manyyears later, the University of Bristol would be one of the seven institutions who awarded him the title of doctor honoris causa. The third contribution is by his former student Agarwal, and Classen. TheyhighlightthemanyconsequencesofEmil’sworkonopticalcoherence theory and polarization. Chapter4iswrittenbyKorotkova,aformerpostdoc,andGbur,aformer student. In their article the theory of optical coherence, often viewed as rather abstract, is shown to have a surprising number of practical applications. Thenextchapter,number5,isbyChen,Norrman,Ponomarenko,and Friberg.ThelattertwobothobtainedtheirPhDdegreeunderEmil’ssuper- vision.Thetopicoftheirarticleistheroleofcoherenceinthepropagation and scattering of surface plasmon polaritions. In Chapter 6, Di Pumpo, Friedrich, Giese, Roura, Lemmel, Greenberger,RaselandSchleichproposeanewtypeofatomicinterferom- eterwithanonzerotimedifference.Thelastauthorisalsoamemberofthe editorial board. Chapter 7 is contributed by Vella, who as a student took Emil’s classes, andAlonso,acolleagueattheInstituteofOptics.Theirtopicishowtouse the method of maximum likelihood to reliably extract information from noisy datasets. TheeighthchapteriswrittenbyLahiri,thelastofmanypeoplewhogot theirPhDwhileworkingwithEmil.Heexploreshowtheclassicalnotions xi xii Preface of partial coherence and polarization carry over to the domain of quantum optics. The final chapter, number 9, deals with a subject close to Emil’s heart, namely image formation in random media. It is contributed by his collab- orator Schotland. I want to thank all the authors of this volume for sharing with us their memoriesofEmilWolfasafather,scientist,colleague,andbelovedfriend. TACO D. VISSER Amsterdam CHAPTER ONE Memories of my father Bruno Wolf1 E.W.Lupus&Son,Rochester,NY,UnitedStates 1Correspondingauthor:e-mailaddress:[email protected] Abstract Inadditiontowhatheaccomplishedinhisphysicscareer,EmilWolfraisedtwochildren asasingleparent.Hisson,BrunoWolf,reflectsongrowingupwithEmilashisfather. Manyyearsago,oneofmyfather’sstudentsaskedmewhatitwasliketohave Emil Wolf as a dad. That’s the first time I can remember thinking how impossible it seemed that my father was able to have such a distinguished career in physics while at the same time raising my sister, Paula, and me as a single parent. In fact, he did it while providing us both with such a funandlovingchildhoodthatwehadnoideathatweweren’tthesolefocus of his life. It’snotpossibleformetowriteaboutmyfatherwithoutmentioninghis immense,seemingly endless,amount of energy. When Iwas young, about the only time I can ever remember seeing my father sleep was when he would take us to the movie theater. He would inevitably fall asleep just as the lights went down and wake up as the movie ended. It was a routine my sister and I knew well. When I was growing up, I remember my father being extremely involvedinbothmysister’slifeandmine.Whetheritwasbaseballpractices, swim lessons or musicrecitals, myfather made time to take us to all of our activities.WhenIwas8or9yearsold,IdecidedIwasgoingtobeafamous major league baseball player, so I talked my father into signing me up for littleleaguebaseball.Iplayedforanumberofyears,andhecametoalmost allofthepracticesandgamesinordertosupportme.Yearslater,afterIgrew up and my father re-married, I learned from my stepmother, Marlies, that my father really hated sitting through all of those baseball games. Even thoughI’msurehewouldhavemuchpreferredtobewritingphysicspapers, he watched me play because he knew that it was important to me to have him there. ProgressinOptics,Volume65 #2020ElsevierB.V. 1 ISSN0079-6638 Allrightsreserved. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.po.2019.11.005 2 BrunoWolf Fig.1 TheWolfFamily:Emil,BrunoandPaula,Rochester,NewYork(1965). One of my father’s closest friends and colleagues was the physicist Len Mandel.TheMandelshadtwochildrenwhowerecloseinagetomysister and me, and we all used to spend a lot of time together when we were young.YoucanseeinFig.3howthetwophysicistsenjoyedafamilyouting at the beach. WhenmysisterandIwereyoung,myfatherneededsomeonetocarefor uswhilehewasworkingattheUniversityofRochester.Fortunatelyforall ofus,hefoundawonderfulhousekeeper,Mrs.Monds,who,alongwithher teenage daughters, helped to raise us. There were times when one of the daughters would stay overnight with us when my father had to travel to physics conferences. I learned years later that the daughter caring for us would put us on the bus to go to school in the morning, and then a taxi would magically show up at our house to take her to her classes. As Mrs. Monds used to say, “Emil Wolf thought of everything!”. Memoriesofmyfather 3 Fig.2 EmilandBrunoatNiagaraFalls(1964). Fig.3 Emil(left)andLenMandel(right),workingonthephysicsproblemofthedayata LakeOntariobeach,Rochester,NewYork(1963). 4 BrunoWolf Fig. 4 Paula, Emil and Bruno enjoying a family swim near Toronto, Ontario, Canada(1969). Occasionally, there were times when my father needed to travel out of townformeetingsandcouldnotfindsomeoneheknewtocareforuswhile hewasaway.Itwasthenthathehadtoturntoababysittingagency,andthat didn’talwaysgosowell.Backinthelate1960s,whenIwas5or6yearsold (andmysisterwas3or4yearsold),myfatherfoundasittertowatchuswhile hewasawayinCalifornia.Neartheendoftheconference,hesawanoppor- tunitytoleaveadayearlierthanplanned,sohejumpedonaplaneandcame hometosurpriseus.Whenhearrived,hefoundaverylargemovingtruckin ourdriveway.Afterheenteredourhouse,hefoundtwoverylargemenin our kitchen, eating a very large meal made by the babysitter. He told me years later he noticed some of our furniture had been moved and he was convinced that if he had returned home the next day, as scheduled, our house would have been completely empty. Fortunately, things like that didn’t happen too often, but there were otherfactorsthataddedtothestressinmyfather’slife.WhenIwasinsixth grade,intheearly1970s,myfavoritebaseballteamhadjustmadeitintothe playoffs.Thefirstgameoftheplayoffserieswasscheduledtobeplayedearly in the afternoon on a school day. On the morning of the game, I decided I would wake up with a bad stomachache. I thought that my father would be too busy to realize I was faking it and would let me stay home from school. It turned out that he had some important work meetings to attend laterthatmorning,soheputmeinthecar,andwedroveimmediatelytothe
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