A taxonomic study of the genus Matonia (Matoniaceae)

6 Pages·1993·0.98 MB·English

by  Kato, Masahiro

BLUMEA 38 (1993) 167-172
A taxonomic study of the genus Matonia(Matoniaceae)
Masahiro Kato
Botanical Gardens,Faculty ofScience, University ofTokyo, 3-7-1 Hakusan, Tokyo 112, Japan
Summary
A morphologicalcomparison shows thatMatonia consists oftwo species, M.foxworthyi and
M.pectinata, whichare distinguishedby afew characters includingthe number ofpinnaeand the
presence/absenceofhairsonthecostae.
Introduction
Matoniais asmallgenuswhich togetherwithPhanerosorus, withtwo species (Kato
&Iwatsuki, 1985), constitutesthephylogenetically andsystematically isolatedfamily
Matoniaceae(Andrews &Boureau, 1970; Kramer, 1990). Afew species havebeen
describedunderMatonia.Matoniapectinata was firstdescribedfromthe MalayPe-
ninsulaby R. Brown (Wallich, 1829)who establishedthegenus Matonia.Matonia
sarmentosa was asecondspecies, describedby Baker(1887) andlatertransferredto
thegenusPhanerosorus by Copeland (1908). Matoniafoxworthyi was described
fromSarawakby Copeland(1908). MatoniadiffersdistinctlyfromPhanerosorusin
itspedateleaveswitha centralpinna.
The species taxonomyofMatoniais not settled.Christensen & Holttum(1934)
and Kramer (1990) doubteddistinctnessof M. pectinata andM. foxworthyi, and
Parris et al. (1992) combinedthetwo species intoM. pectinata. Copeland (1908),
Holttum(1968) andTan& Tolentino(1987) regarded themas independent species.
Thedifferencesinthesetreatments areduetodifferentevaluationofwhetherthevari-
ationof diagnostic characters is continuousor discontinuousbetween the species
(Christensen & Holttum, 1934). Themost disputed character is the shape ofpinna-
segments: they are falcate inM.pectinata andonly weakly soin M.foxworthyi. In
anattempttorevise the taxonomyofMatonia,theauthortested inthepresent study
whetherthetwo species aremorphologically separable ornot.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Thefollowing 16characters were measured using herbariumspecimens: thethick-
ness (exluding hairs) oftherhizomes,the length oftheinternodes,thelength ofthe
petioles, thethicknessofthebasalportion ofthepetioles, thelengthand widthofthe
lamina, thenumberofpinnae (Fig. 1), thelength andwidth ofthecentralpinna, the
distance between two adjacent costules, theprojected length ofpinna-segments on
168 BLUMEA Vol. 38,No. 1, 1993
Fig. 1. Some ofthe characters examined. 1:Pedate ramification ofleaf with 19pinnae.2: Partof
pinnashowingtheprojectedlengthofpinna-segmenton costa(A)andthat onaxisperpendicularto
it(B)and the widthofinter-segmentallamina (C).
the costa(A in Fig. 1)and thatontheaxis perpendicular to it(B),the widthofthe
inter-segmental lamina(C),thediameteroftheindusium,thewidthofthemembra-
nous indusialmargin, and thenumberof induratedannulus cellsofsporangia. The
lengthofthepinna-segments relativetothewidthoftheinter-segmental lamina(B/C)
andtheratioofthetwoprojected lengths ofthepinna-segments (B/A) wereevaluated
basedon thesedata.Spore sizewas alsomeasuredintwo fullyfertilespecimensavail-
ableofeachspecies. Besides, thepresence orabsenceofhairsonthecostae was ex-
Fig. 2.Comparisonofthe three characters ofMatonia foxworthyivs. M. pectinata. Mean values,
SD,maximum and minimumvaluesare shown. 1:Number ofpinnae.2: Relative lengthofpinna-
segments towidth ofinter-segmental lamina. 3: Ratio ofprojected lengthsofpinna-segments.
F,Matoniafoxworthyi; P,M.pectinata.DatabasedonTable 1.
M.Kato: The taxonomy ofMatonia 169
Fig. 3.SEMmicrographs ofspores. A,B: Matoniafoxworthyi(Sarawak;Sinclair SFN38365,K).
C,D: Matonia pectinata(Malaya;Maingay1975,L). A,C,proximal face;B,D, distal face.Scale
bar =20µm forall figures.
amined.Themeasurements arebasedonspecimens kept in thefollowing herbaria,
B, BM, BO, GH, K, KYO, L, MICH, NY, P, SING, TI, U, UC, US,and Z.
Driedspores were coatedwithgoldand observedin a scanning electron micro-
scope(SEM) ABT-55 (14 kV).
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Theresultsofmeasurements ofthe 18charactersare shownin Table 1.Although in
15ofthecharactersexaminedthereare noapparentdifferencesbetweenM.pectinata
and M. foxworthyi, significant differences (t-test, p <0.001) are foundin the
170 BLUMEA Vol. 38, No. 1, 1993
remaining threecharacters: thenumberofpinnae, thelength ofthepinna-segments
relative tothewidthoftheinter-segmental laminaand theratioofthetwo projected
lengths ofthepinna-segments (Fig. 2). Thepresent statistically tested dataindicat-
ing thatthepinnules ofM.pectinata aremorefalcately obliquethan thoseofM.fox-
worthyiaccord withprevious conclusionsby Copeland(1909) andTan & Tolentino
(1987).
Anothernoteworthy characteris thecrisped, brown,multicellular hairsontheab-
axial sideofthecostae. The hairsare usually presentinM.foxworthyi, whereasthey
are lacking inM.pectinata. Rarely theoldleavesofM. foxworthyiare glabrous and
theyoungleaves ofM.pectinata are hairy. Thecostal hairsofM.foxworthyi are an
overlooked, taxonomically usefulcharacter(Tan & Tolentino, 1987).
Thenumberofsporangia is5-10in onelayer ineach sorus inbothspecies. The
spores are53± 4pmindiameterinM.pectinata (N =64,2 plants) and61±5gm in
M. foxworthyi (N = 61, 2plants). Thereappearstobea differencein sporesize be-
tween the species, although astatisticcomparison basedonample plants is needed.
Inbothspecies thespores are tetrahedraland trilete, thethreeproximal facetsbeing
depressed and thedistalone convex (Fig. 3), as describedby Tryon & Lugardon
(1991) forM.pectinata. Thesurfacehas granulate deposits, whichare only slightly
denserin M. foxworthyithaninM.pectinata.
Thesecomparisons indicate thatM.pectinata and M. foxworthyi are morphologi-
cally distinctfromeachotherinafewcharacters,although the species are very simi-
lar inoverallcharacters. Basedon this evidenceit is concludedthatthe two species
are taxonomically distinct.
As describedbelow,M.pectinata isdistributedintheMalay PeninsulaandSumatra,
whileM.foxworthyi ranges fromBorneoand thePhilippines to the Moluccas and
NewGuinea.Thedistributionpatternsuggestsageographical speciation inWestMale-
sia. TherangeofMatoniais similartothat of.Phanerosorus. Phanerosorussarmen-
tosus (Baker) Copel. occurs inWestMalesia(Sarawak), whileP. majorDielsis dis-
tributedinEastMalesia(Moluccas andNew Guinea) (Kato &Iwatsuki, 1985), and
thusthevicarianceis inaccord withthegeneral floristicdemarcationofMalesia(Van
Steenis, 1950).ThepresentrangeofMatoniaceaeis a consequenceofcontractionfrom
themuchwiderpast range: Malesiaisprobably arefugiumforthisrelictfamily. The
fossilsareknown fromscatteredplacesintheNorthernHemisphere duringtheUpper
Triassic and the Upper Cretaceous (Andrews & Boureau, 1970).The megafossils
resembleMatonia.
KEY TO THE SPECIES
la. Numberofpinnae 15 or less, rarely up to 17; pinna-segments subpatent or
oblique, straight or only moderately falcate; costaeusually hairybeneath
1. M. foxworthyi
b. Numberofpinnae 19or more, rarely fewerin extremely small leaves; pinna-
segments usually strongly oblique and falcate; costae glabrous beneathat ma-
turity 2. M. pectinata
M. Kato: The taxonomy of Matonia 171
Table1. Comparisonof18charactersbetweenMatoniafoxworthyi andM.pectinata.
MAf..ffooxxwwoorrtthhyyii MM..ppeeccttiinnaattaa
CChhaarraacctteerr
NN MMeeaann ±±SSDD NN MMeeaann ±±SSDD
RRhhiizzoommee tthhiicckknneessss ((mmmm)) 3300 55..88 ±± 11..44 2200 66..44 ±± 11..44
IInntteemmooddeelleennggtthh((ccmm)) 2255 33..00 ++00..77 1199 22..99 ±±00..88
PPeettiioollee lleennggtthh((ccmm)) 3344 8855..22±±3355..99 1199 8822..33 ±±3311..33
PPeettiioolleetthhiicckknneessss ((mmmm)) 4444 44..66±± 11..44 2299 44..88±± 11..11
LLaammiinnaalleennggtthh((ccmm)) 7788 3355..44 ±± 88..44 110066 3344..88 ±± 88..66
LLaammiinnaawwiiddtthh ((ccmm)) 6677 4400..66 ±±99..55 9955 4411..88 ±± 1100..11
NNuummbbeerr ooffppiinnnnaaee 8833 1122..77±± 22..00** 110000 2222..11 ±±33..66**
LLeennggtthhooffcceennttrraall ppiinnnnaa((ccmm)) 7788 3355..33 ±±88..44 110066 3355..00 ±± 88..77
WWiiddtthhooffcceennttrraallppiinnnnaa((ccmm)) 7755 33..99±± 11..22 110044 22..77 ±±00..77
DDiissttaannccee ooffccoossttuulleess((mmmm)) 7799 55..33±±00..88 110066 55..44 ±±00..77
PPrroojjeecctteeddlleennggtthhooffppiinnnnuulleessoonnccoossttaa((mmmm)) 7766 66..11 ±± 22..66 110044 88..77 ±±33..11
PPrroojjeecctteedd lleennggtthhooffppiinnnnaa--sseeggmmeennttss
oonn aaxxiissppeerrppeennddiiccuullaarrttooccoossttaa ((mmmm)) 7766 1199..88±± 55..77 110033 1144..00±± 33..77
WWiiddtthhooffiinntteerr--sseeggmmeennttaallllaammiinnaa((mmmm)) 7788 11..33 ±±00..33 110066 11..66±±00..44
IInndduussiiuumm ddiiaammeetteerr((mmmm)) 4422 11..11 ±±00..11 6622 11..00±±00..11
WWiiddtthhooffmmeemmbbrraannoouuss iinndduussiiaallmmaarrggiinn((mmmm)) 3399 00..3377±±00..0066 6600 00..3388 ±±00..0055
NNuummbbeerr ooffaannnnuulluuss cceellllss 3333 1188..77±±22..55 3311 1199..33±± 22..11
RReellaattiivveelleennggtthhooffppiinnnnaa--sseeggmmeennttssttoo
wwiiddtthhooffiinntteerr--sseeggmmeennttaallllaammiinnaa 7766 1166..00±±55..44** 110022 99..00 ±± 22..55**
RRaattiioo ooffpprroojjeecctteeddlleennggtthhssooffppiinnnnaa--sseeggmmeennttss 7766 33..66±± 11..22** 110033 11..88±±00..66**
**)) SSiiggnniiffiiccaannttllyyddiiffffeerreenntt((tt--tteesstt,,pp<<00..000011))..
1. Matonia foxworthyi Copel.
MatoniafoxworthyiCopel.,Philipp. J. Sci. 3C (1908) 343,pi. 2; Sarawak Mus. J.2 (1917)388;
Alderw.,Philipp. J. Sci. 11C (1916) 114; Christensen & Holttum,Gard. Bull. Str. Settl.7
(1934)223;Iwatsuki& Kato, ActaPhytotax. Geobot. 35 (1984)61; Tan&Tolentino,Philipp.
J. Sci. 116 (1987) 536,pi. 2. —Type: Borneo: Sarawak, MtPod (Rumput), alt. 1700 m,
Foxworthy372 (holodestroyed;isoMICH).
Distribution- Borneo(Sarawak, Sabah, Kalimantan), Philippines (Mindoro, Si-
buyan), Moluccas (Ambon), New Guinea (Irian Jaya). New Guinean specimens
(Vogelkop Peninsula, VanRoyen &Sleumer7204, L; Arfak Mts,Kanehira& Hatu-
sima 14039, BO) havesmallleaves with 11 pinnae and hairy costae. Onespecimen
(anonymous collector, BM) was collectedfromMtOphir, Malay Peninsula, where
manyspecimens ofM.pectinata were collected; detailedfieldobservationsand new
collectionsarerequired.
Habitat- Inopenplaces, ofteninclearings, andinand atedge ofmossy foreston
mountainridges or summits; altitude(420-)750-2100 m.
172 BLUMEA Vol. 38,No. 1, 1993
2. Matonia pectinata R. Br.
MatoniapectinataR.Br.in Wall.,PI.Asiat.Rar. 1 (1829)16,L 16;Bedd.,Ferns Brit.Ind. 2(1866)
186,pi. 186;Handb. Ferns Brit.Ind. (1883) 19, f.8;Copel., Sarawak Mus. J. 2 (1917)388;
Holttum,Rev.Fl. Mai. 2nd ed„ 2(1968)59,f. 13; Parris etal„PI.MtKinabalu 1 (1992) 93,
p.p., excl. specim. ex Kinabalu. —Type: Peninsular Malaysia: Malacca,MtOphir(atpresent
Johor,G.Ledang),alt. 1200 m,Farquharanno 1815.
Distribution Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Lingga Archipelago, RiauArchipelago.
-
One specimen (.Lobb481, BM)was collectedin Javabutwithoutindicationofexact
locality. Thereportfrom NewGuinea(Tan & Tolentino, 1987) is perhaps due to
misidentification.
Habitat- Inexposed areas or in scrub onmountainridges or summits; altitude
(90-)750-2000 m.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Iam grateful toDr. H. Akiyamafor his assistance with SEMexamination,toDr. K.Inoue forhis
assistance with statistics, and to the Directors of B, BM, BO, GH, K,KYO, L,MICH, NY, P,
SING,U, UC, US, andZforsendingspecimenson loanformy study.This study wassupportedin
partbyaGrant underthe Monbusho International Scientific Research Program.
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