A Systematic Study of Asian Astilbe (Saxifragaceae) I. Astilbe tsushimensis, a New Species from Tsushima Island, Kyushu, Western Japan

2012·0.77 MB·English

by  Yuichi Kadota

J. Jpn. Bot. 87: 307–313 (2012)
A Systematic Study of Asian Astilbe (Saxifragaceae) I.
Astilbe tsushimensis, a New Species from Tsushima Island,
Kyushu, Western Japan
Yuichi kadota
Department of Botany, National Museum of Nature and Science,
4-1-1, Amakubo, Tskuba, 305-0005 JAPAN
E-mail: [email protected]
(Accepted on May 12, 2012)
A new species of Astilbe (Saxifragaceae), A. tsushimensis Kadota, is described from Tsushima
Island, Nagasaki Pref., Kyushu, westen Japan. Astilbe tsushimensis is distinguished from A.
grandis E. H. Wilson of Korea and China by having wider, constantly white, spathulate petals,
coarsely dentate (not doubly serrate), larger leaflets, inflorescence simple above the middle, and
carpels connate in the upper part. This new species is considered to be endangered based on the
field examinations.
Key words: Astilbe grandis, Astilbe tsushimensis, Japan, new species, Tsushima.
Astilbe is a small genus within the family hairs (Hara 1939, 1976, Lozina-Lozinskaya
Saxifragaceae and is disjunctively distributed in 1939, Sugimoto 1978, Li 1980, Pan 1985, 1992,
Eastern Asia and Eastern North America (e.g., 1995, 1998, Lee 1996a, 1996b, Pan and Ohba
Hara 1939, Ohba 1982, Pang 1985, 1995). I 2001, Kim et al. 2009). In this island, however,
have been interested in the genus (Kadota 1978, another entity with white flowers has been found
Akiyama and Kadota 2010, 2011) and have within the genus Astilbe. This plant has been
continued to observe plants belonging to the hitherto treated variously by the authors.
genus because it is one of Japanʼs diverse plant Nakai (1918) published a name, Astilbe
groups (Kadota 1978). koreana (Kom.) Nakai, for Astilbe plants
Astilbe rubra Hook. f. & Thomson [ = A. with white flowers from Mt. Kongô-san [Mt.
chinensis (Maxim.) Maxim. ex Franch. & Sav.] Kumgang-san], Gangwon-do (Kangwon-
is known to occur in Tsushima Island, Nagasaki do), North Korea. But this name was a nomen
Prefecture, Kyushu, western Japan (Hara 1939, nudum because it was not accompanied by Latin
Kitamura and Murata 1961, Sugimoto 1978, description or type designation. Later Nakai
Ohba 1982, Murakami 1984). Astilbe rubra is a (1922) validated this name and reported its
rheophyte (Murakami 1984, Kadota pers. obs.) occurrence also in Tsushima Island outside of
and is morphologically characterized by having Korean Peninsula, based on his collection from
pink, linear petals and inflorescences with Tendôyama (TI) in this island. This was the first
ascending short branches and pubescent with report for the white-flowered Astilbe in Tsushima
brown, long crisped hairs and without glandular Island, western Japan.
—307—
308 植物研究雑誌　第87巻　第5号 2012年10月
Fig. 1. Habit of Astilbe tsushimensis Kadota (JAPAN, Nagasaki Pref., Tsushim-shi, Tsushima Island, Toyotama-
cho, Karasu, Myôken, 16 June 2009). Right corner inset shows part of inflorescence. Scale: 1 cm.
October 2012 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 87 No.5 309
In his monograph Hara (1939) classified this Insulae Tsushimensis.
plant into A. kiusiana H. Hara, described from Astilbe tsushimensis is distinguished from
Mt. Unzen-dake, Nagasaki Prefecture, Kyushu A. grandis E. H. Wilson [= A. chinensis var.
mainland, western Japan. Since then the plant koreana Kom., A. koreana (Kom.) Nakai] by
at issue has been regarded as A. kiusiana [= A. having 1) constantly white, spathulate petals
thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) Miq. var. kiusiana up to 7 mm long, 1 mm wide, 2) coarsely
(H. Hara) H. Hara ex H. Ohba] (Nakasima 1942, dentate (not doubly serrate), larger leaflets, 3)
Kitamura and Murata 1961, Sugimoto 1978, inflorescence not branched above the middle,
Toyoma 1980, Murakami 1984, Akiyama and and 4) carpels connate in the upper part.
Kadota 2011) or A. thunbergii var. thunbergii Astilbe tsushimensis is also different from A.
(Toyama and Matsubayashi 1980). Astilbe kiusiana H. Hara [= A. thunbergii (Siebold &
thunbergii var. thunbergii, distributed in Honshu Zucc.) Miq. var. kiusiana (H. Hara) H. Hara ex
(from Tohoku to Kinki Districts), central Japan, H. Ohba] by having 1) non-lustrous, coarsely
is clearly different from the Tsushima plant dentate leaflets pubescent with short glandular
by having shorter petals (4–6 mm long) and hairs, 2) floral axes and pedicels pubescent with
subacute calyx-lobes devoid of glandular hairs short glandular hairs, 3) glabrous calyx-lobes
(Hara 1939, Ohba 1982, Kadota unpublished). with membranous margins, roundish at apex,
Consequently the Tsushima plant was compared sparingly pubescent with short glandular hairs,
with the two species, A. grandis and A. kiusiana. and 4) constantly white, spathulate petals up to 7
As a result it is turned out that the plants from mm long, 1 mm wide.
Tsushima Island represent a new species. Type: JAPAN. Kyushu: Nagasaki Pref.,
This new species is described here as Astilbe Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Island, Mitsushina-
tsushimensis. cho, Tamadzuke, alt. 24 m, 18 June 2009,
Y. Kadota 092814 (TNS 738744–holotype;
Materials and Methods Fig. 2). The same locality and same date, Y.
Field studies were executed throughout Kadota 092811–092813, 092815 (TNS 738743,
Tsushima Island in June 2009 under the 738746–738748–isotypes).
guidance of Mr. Hidetoshi Kokubu, with the A herbaceous perennial 50–80 cm tall.
help of Ms. Nobuko Kuroiwa. All the specimens Rhizome thick and stout, up to 1.5 cm in
collected during this field work are deposited at diameter, horizontal. Stem declining, with
the Herbarium, Department of Botany, National dark brownish capillary scales in basal part.
Museum of Nature and Science (TNS). DNA Leaves herbaceous, not lustrous adaxially, bi-
samples with voucher specimens were also to triternate; leaflets ovate to narrowly ovate,
gathered for molecular phylogenetic studies. 7.5–14 cm long, 4–8 cm broad, shortly cuspidate
Specimens kept at the Herbarium, at apex, shallowly cordate to truncate at base,
Department of Botany, National Museum of coarsely dentate (not doubly serrate), pilose
Nature and Science (TNS) and the Herbarium, with short hairs or pubescent with short, dark
The University Museum, The University of purplish brown, glandular hairs on the adaxial
Tokyo (TI) were employed in this study. side, pubescent with capillary brownish scales,
dark purplish brown, glandular hairs, sparingly
Taxonomic treatment with adpressed bristles along veins on the
Astilbe tsushimensis Kadota, sp. nov. abaxial side, ciliate with glandular hairs along
[Figs. 1–2] margins. Inflorescence paniculate, obrhombic
Astilbe kiusiana H. Hara in Nakai & Honda, in outline, 5–19.5 cm long, 3–15 cm broad,
Nov. Fl. Jap. 3: 19 (1939), p. p. minore, pl. slightly nodding in the upper part, branched
310 植物研究雑誌　第87巻　第5号 2012年10月
Fig. 2. Type of Astilbe tsushimensis Kadota (JAPAN, Kyushu, Nagasaki Pref., Tsushima-shi, Tsushima Island,
Mitsushina-cho, Tamadzuke, 18 June 2009, Y. Kadota 092814, TNS 738744, holotype).
October 2012 Journal of Japanese Botany Vol. 87 No.5 311
Fig. 3. Distribution of Astilbe tsushimensis Kadota (disc). Triangle shows the locality Tendô-
yama cited by Nakai (1922).
in lower half, simple in upper half; branches Miyama, alt. 8 m, 16 June 2009, Y. Kadota 092406 (TNS
1.5–9 cm long, divaricate and elongated, closed 738749).
with a mixture of short hairs and dark purplish Distribution: Tshushima Island, Nagasaki
brown glandular hairs. Pedicels ca. 1 mm long, Pref., Kyushu, Japan (Fig. 3). Endemic to Japan.
pubescent with a mixture of soft hairs and dark Japanese name: Tsushima-akashôma (nom.
purplish glandular hairs. Bracts lanceolate, 2–3 nov.)
mm long, stalked, longer than the pedicels. 新和名：ツシマアカショウマ
Calyces ca. 1.5 mm long; calyx-lobes broadly Note: Based on the field study made in 2009
oblong, 1 mm long, imbricate, roundish at apex, only three populations of A. tsushimensis were
sparingly pubescent with minute, dark purplish found in Tsushima Island 2009. The populations
brown, glandular hairs, abaxially glabrous observed were very small in size. Hence
(without glandular dots). Petals 5, white, Astilbe tsushimensis should be treated as one an
spathulate, obtuse at apex, 5–7 mm long, ca. 1 endangered species in Japan.
mm broad. Stamens 10, ca. 3 mm long; anthers
white, ca. 0.5 mm long, oval. Carpels immature I wish to show my cordial thanks to Mr.
ca. 2 mm long, connate in upper parts. Mature Hidetoshi Kokubu, Tsushima, Nagasaki Pref.,
seeds unknown. for his guidance to the localities of Astilbe
Other specimens examined: JAPAN. Kyushu: tsushimensis; to Ms. Nobuko Kuroiwa, Kurume,
Nagasaki Pref., Kami-Agata-gun [currently Tsushima-shi], Fukuoka Pref., for her help of my observation
Kami-Tsushima-cho, Toyo – Tôradzuhama, 'near seashore, and collection of Astilbe tsushimensis; to Mr.
up to 20 m alt., 17 June 1969, N. Fukuoka 7839 (TNS
Tadashi Minamitani (Miyazaki, Miyazaki
242582). Tsushim-shi, Toyotama-cho, Karasu, Myôken,
Pref.), Messrs. Masami Saito and Toichi
alt. 50 m, 16 June 2009, Y. Kadota 092301–092306 (TNS
738750–738756). Tsushima-shi, Kamiagata-cho, Sasuna, Fukumatsu (both Miyazaki Prefectural Museum,
312 植物研究雑誌　第87巻　第5号 2012年10月
Miyazaki, Miyazaki Pref.), to Mr. Katsuo (ed.), Fl. URSS 9: 107. Nauka, Leningrad (in Russian).
Maruno (Kagoshima, Kagoshima Pref.) and Murakami M. 1984. Flowers of Tsushima Island. 143 pp.
Ashishobô, Fukuoka (in Japanese).
Mr. Masanori Arakane (Beppu, Oita Pref.) for
Nakai T. 1918. Report on the Vegetation of Diamond
their guidance to the localities of Astilbe spp.
Mountains, Corea. 204 pp. The Government of
and their help for my field studies. Thanks also Chosen, Seoul (in Japanese).
due to Dr. Hiroshi Ikeda for his kind permission Nakai T. 1922. Notulae ad plantas Japoniae et Koreae
XXVIII. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 36: 117–128.
of specimen observation in the Herbarium, The
Nakasima K. 1942. Preliminary report on the Flora of
University Museum, The Univeristy of Tokyo
Tusima Islands. III. Astilbe. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 56:
(TI) and Dr. Akiko Shimizu for her help at TI. 286–292 (in Japanese)
Ohba H. 1982. Astilbe. In: Satake Y., Ohwi J., Kitamura S.,
Watari S. and Tominari T. (eds.), Wild Flowers of Japan
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門田裕一：アジア産チダケサシ属植物の分類学的研究I．
対馬産の1新種，ツシマアカショウマ
　対馬からユキノシタ科チダケサシ属植物の1新種と 合することなどで異なる．本種はテリハアカショウマと
して，ツシマアカショウマAstilbe tsushimensis Kadota は，①小葉には光沢がなく，辺縁は重鋸歯とはならず，
を記載した．本種は，対馬に以前から知られていたオオ 腺毛があること，②花軸と花梗に暗紫褐色の腺毛がある
チダケサシA. rubra Hook. f. & Thomsonとは異なり， こと，③萼裂片は広倒卵形，縁は膜質で互いに重なり合
白花を咲かせる，森林性の植物である． い，円頭，上縁に濃紫褐色の短腺毛がまばらにあるが，
　ツシマアカショウマはこれまでアジア大陸東部に分 粉状点はないこと，④花弁は常に白色で，箆状，長さ7
布するタリホノチダケサシA. grandis Stapf ex E. H. mm，幅1 mmに達することで区別できる．花序におけ
Wilsonや九州本土産のテリハアカショウマA. kiusiana る小花の密度には変わりがないが，花弁が大きいために
H. Haraと混同されてきた． 本種では花序全体がボッテリとしており，一見して他の
　ツシマアカショウマはタリホノチダケサシに最も近 日本産の種とは印象が異なる．
いが，①花弁が常に白色，箆状で，長さ7 mm，幅1 　2009年に実施した対馬における現地調査ではツシマ
mmに達すること，②小葉はより大型で，辺縁は単純な アカショウマは3地点で確認されたのみで，いずれも
粗い鋸歯縁で，重鋸歯とはならないこと，③花序は中部 個体数が少なく，絶滅が危惧される．
以上では分枝せず，単純となること，④心皮は上部で癒 （国立科学博物館植物研究部）