A SYNOPSIS OF THE FERNS AND FERN ALLIES OF NEBRASKA, WITH MAPS OF THEIR DISTRIBUTION

12 Pages·2001·7.1 MB·English

by  Steven B Rolfsmeier

AND
A OF THE FERNS FERN OF
SYNOPSIS ALLIES
WITH
NEBRASKA, MAPS OF THEIR DISTRIBUTION
Steven Rolfsmeier Robert Kaul
B. B.
Herbarium
Charles 8os.se) Charles E ft s ,_v/> ,n
i
KACT
ABS'I
Name
m
elilcratuic h ih in u nj p u 1/
fin
li
/ I i i i 1
nam. spn
id 25 species in 18 genera ol terns. hire ies aie here veil lied for [he tirsi lime ha' re
I
I
o woii and
ion leeeni col trot ions: Mutt cur, id s/ iio'iie/Ve) vai neies\ v. on. <e (d/'/i leef.' eie.yl nien e o
1 I
mum. VlmmieNa
ejected are published report sot' hy. <>|'ndmiii mini d.mi.Mi. I.quisetum <litonilc,li.
it
m\
m. ion ol re) or n iv< >een it'll nore th in n Inn uln
. i 1 . i < I I i . i
|
RESUMI-N
b
on ispntidoitta.nato d K k - h isadosen estudiosde
!>.
t I , i i 1 i ' I 1 I I i
herbanos, evaluacion cntica de literatura C'.omo nativas para este estado
y la
mdanopoda,SelagiriLlhi -up ,n is in. o< p, L i. d .< o ion \ 2 u -.pi kmI. hel
i / . . ,
om dah
reeicntes \hitn (mu'im, n n .on i>' n h l\ llaca
ik. n \
i i ( * r . >i . , , i 1 1
\W
oluspukdo
Imhi. t) i Ju-i.i/ '.I. J tin ii lk . ul. kit i . n . 1 in i ,i i l! 1[ i n i i k
mw
um
H)4I lulu in ironea hi n puhh da I. |m en la d. /.\ ojwdi annotim
c i i
lull
v/ in lionn
til in n '(< m
J i i ii I ) f > i
nfnmnn.i
uunout x's/h >p/no ion
to Irni.ii
\j .1. /.»
( i < .
INTRODUCTION
&
New
While preparing our Century Flora Nebraska (Kaul, Sutherland,
oj
Rolfsmeier, in prep.), we reinterpreted and eonveted many dubious or errone-
among
ous reports of the states flora, which those the ferns and their allies
ol
were confused and
especially contradictory.
Nehaska ompk wa
Ih cadi hhle repoi of vascular lora
tin
i i < f I
Webber
by HJ. (1890), but the definitive account of Nebraska's ferns
list first
Thomas
was that of Fitzpatnck (1920), which was based upon holdings in
J.
lerbanum
the (diaries Bessey (\rv) the niiversity Nebraska-Lincoln.
E. ol oi
I \
The only floristic manuals solely devoted to the states flora (Petersen 1923;
Winter 1936) were also based upon thai herbarium's collection, which greatly
expanded under from
Bessey s direction the 1880s until his death in 1915. Re-
gional and more extensive books hat include Nebraska were based upon that
i
&
many
and other collections and outside Nebraska Britton Brown
in (1896,
but not Gleason Rydberg bernald
1913, (19 (1932), (19 Petrik-Ott
,2)): 50), (1979),
GPPA
FNA-Flora
Bellinger (1985), -Great Plains Flora Association (1977, 1986),
North America Committee and With
of Editorial (E)0 various journal papers.
5),
each succeeding publication, old distributional errors were perpetuated and new
ones were introduced.
The only count)' by county mapsol he states ems and fern allies were
all
t
I
those of Atlas of the Flora oj the Great PlainsiG PI 'A 1977), to which we contrib-
and The
uted, of Pternlophvtes Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota and North
of
Dakota The maps
(Petrik-Ott 1979). state-outline of Flora North America
of
(FNA
more mapping
There
1993) are generalized. are errors in all those publi-
we
cations that seek to correct in this paper, and our extensive field and her-
many
barium work has added
distributional
records.
A
continuing source errors the E.M. u.ssongcol ion suppos-
ol is lent at nhs,
I I
edly from Franklin County according The
in the 1890s, to the labels. collection
many
includes ferns and angiosperms that are far out range for Nebraska.
o\
Osmu mo
For example hu Nebraska ethana
a al be. n ut to
t >i
1 I
century based upon those specimens, but yet unknown anywhere in the
is
it
state, and Franklin and nearby counties kick suitable habitat. The handwriting
on and we
the labels is not ussongs, reject the records as re present ng Nebraska
1 1 i
plants.
The massive cattle aiichiug and agricultural development the past E ;>0
ol
i
years has greatly reduced the state's natural vegetation, especially that of the
prairies, but suitable habitats remain and most species can be found
today,
if
only in remote or wide cattcrcd Most ptcridophyn inNebiasI
in
1\ ai n
many
the edge of their range and, as such, have always been scarce, and a few
have not been seen for decades. Relatively pristine are the Sandhills, 23,000
square miles of prairie vegetated, uncultivated dunes and sandplains, the high
and and
producing thousands ponds, marshes, the
water-table of lakes, fens;
much
valley of the Niobrara River, bluffs and sheltered tributaries lined for
its
Some
of length with forests of ponderosa pine and hardwoods. species in
its
Niobrara Valley forests and Sandhills fens are apparently relicts from cooler,
now
such disjunct Ophioglossum
wetter, early post-Pleistocene rimes, as the
many
and
pusillum,Dryoptci cristata D.airthusuuui Athyiiumfilix /cm in
a,
t
m
angiospermsandaium.il tKaulctal Kaul 199 The pon
Roll
1.988;
r >).
<S
i
and
derosa pine forests of the Pine Ridge, Wild, Hills, tobrara River valley
at
r-
much some
have native as do of the oak hickory forests of the Mis-
flora,
still
With and
and ranching agrarian settlement
souri River valley tributaries.
its
came suppression ol prairie fire leading to major ex pan .ion ol deciduous for-
ests in the eastern, wettest third of the state, but then pteridophyte flora has
not correspondingly expanded and yet confined to the region of the original
is
forests there.
AND METHODS
MATERIALS
We
have collected most species in the field during our combined 86 years of
field work from 1964 through 2001. In addition, we examined all specimens at
Herbarium
these herbaria in Nebraska: Charles Bessey (neb) at the University
E.
Omaha
of Nebraska-Lincoln; University of Nebraska at (oma); University of
Wayne
Chadron and Cedar
Nebraska at Kearney; (cscn), Peru, state colleges;
We
Doane and Nebraska Wesleyan University.
Point Biological Station; College;
examined Nebraska-collected specimens the University of Kansas
also at
all
Kansas m\ei Fort lays Slate University, University of
(kanu), State tu.i
,ii)
l ) I
South Dakota South Dakota State University and University of
(sou), (sdc),
Wyoming
and we saw souk Nebraska specimens at the Missouri Botani-
(rm),
New
cal Garden (mo) and the York Botanical Garden (ny).
(FNA
Our nomenclature follows Flora North America 1993), with syn-
of
onyms
as used in our cited refei sices that specifically attributed the plants to
()
m
map mad w diamond
Nebaska by text, boi h |u u d irh hi ick are
'
< , i
here verified for in time native to Nebraska n were discovered in the
tin. a
< I
some
1990s and 2000. Year of collection given lor the rarer species,
late first is
which have not been found again. Counties and some physiographic features
of
named and mapped by county Figure
are in Figure all species are in 2.
1,
ACCEPTED
SPECIES
LYCOPODIOPHYTA
Division
ISOETACEAE
&
Duneu
melanopoda Gay Durieu ex -Collected from the Rainwater
Isoetes
Most long
Basins several times, 1880s-1941, but not again until 2000. habitat
Mapped
since drained and plowed for agriculture. for the entire eastern half of
^4^4^1
:
A/
pAj^
^7C
-„L1
^_
t«L
-.
/'
L. H
* s. <
r^»
v
sJ ;c „,"t
JLSF""
-
-[
J
1W ;
<
iv
I.
1
pd
M
firl) n/ith'i nti< major rivi and some physiographic areas identified. M: Missouri, N: Niofar.it
i, 1 , I i
and P: Platte rivers.Pff: Pine Ridge,and WH: Wildcat Hills, both forested with ponderosa p\ne.Dottedline(S). Sandhills-
prairie-vegetated dunes and sandplains, with thousands of ponds, lakes, marshes, and fens; dashed line(Rw):Mnm-
now
ter Basins-level plains once having hundreds of shallow ponds, these mostly drained and plowed for agriculture.
SELAGINELLACEAE
Selaginellarupestris(L.) Spring— Locally abundant in parts of the Niobrara and
Little Blue river drai age eat tcred elsewhere
EQUISETOPHYTA
Division
EQUISETACEAE
Equisetum arvense ..--Common slate wide, except absent from the southwest.
1
Equisetum Clute Equisetum intermedium baton) Rydb-
xferrisii (A. A.
[
many
Rydberg U932)|.— Occasional in the eastern ball oi the Mate; reports in
CITA
U'C7) were based upon depattperate specimens hyemale.
oi
E.
Equisetum fluviatile \=Equisetum limosum L.-Bessey (1892)].-Known
L.
only by collections from the eastern Sandhills in L892, 1909, and 2000, and from
Mapped
one site near the Missouri River, 1941-1952, 1987, 2001. for the entire
FNA-Hauke
northern half of the by
state (1993).
Equisetum hyemale (Engelm.K
L.ssp. affine aldeiwVr Ro\ laylorl Equi-
1
.
me
Engelmann
setumaff Rydberg U932); hcjni.se/um hyemale L.-Bessey
(1892),
&
Brown GPLA
Bntton Equisetum hvemale
11890, 1913), (1977);
L. var. affine
(Engelm.) A.A. Eaton-GPFA Equisetum mbustum Braun- Webber
(1986); A.
Rydberg (1932)].-Common most
(1890), Fitzpatrick (1920), over of the state,
except the southwest.
kansanum )M.
Equisetum laevigatum Braun ^liquisctum Schailn.-
A.
Rydberg (1932)].-Common
statewide.
POLYPODIOPHYTA
Division
ASPLEN1ACEAE
&
Aspleniumplatyneuron(L)Btitnn Stern Poggenb.-First collected in 1986,
County where abun-
by Locklear in Jefferson (Rolfsmeier et 1988), locally
al.
J.
and photographed Washington County
dant; a single plant discovered in in
whether
1988 (Garabrandt 1988), the photograph at oma. remains to be seen
It
(Wagner
this plant will increase its range in Nebraska as has elsewhere d-r
it
Johnson
1981).
umfilix-
angustum
foemina Bernh -Botanical Survey Nebrasl (1893) \thyrium
(L.) oi
i
-Known
Willd.) C. Presl-Rydberg (1932)] only as independent 1893 collections
(
M b mdiilcn and
In Batt f m< nl nid P \ Rvch ei n\ d a* - u dill n
(
]
ioumm
sites in the Niobrara River valley, and perhaps yet present in pristi ne
>l
.
mm
mam
rum
Long Pine Canyon. The are disjunct! the ranges of var.cvi low
sites
FNA-Kato
Lawson
our west and angustum (Willd.) G. to our east. (1993)
to var.
attributed only var ingustum to Nebrasl but th pecint ns Irorn in Id
\
i
with rounded and long indusia, are van rydosorum. In 1979,
their sori ciliate
Brooks annotated those specimens as cydosorum (Rupr.) C. Christens.,
R.E. ssp.
GPFA key
but in (1986) he did not attribute the species to Nebraska; the to vari-
md
u'l 1979) noi pet
tu th in< oi in lid pi il\ ifi if'it
t i ( r I' . < i i I i i
man
Adams was rom
an County specimen she cited but did noi a garden; sev-
I
specimens
eral other herbaria are of cultivated plants.
in
Bernh.-GPFA 1986).-First collected in 1972
Cystopteris bulbifera (1977,
(L.)
(Anderson Richardson County extreme southeastern corner of
1974), in in the
unknown
the and abundant that but elsewhere in the state.
state, still at site,
FNA-Haufler
Not Nebraska by
attributed to et al. (1993).
Gihb.-Petersen
Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. [=Filixfragilis (L.) (1923),
Rydberg (1932)].-Common the northern and eastern halves of the state.
in
—
ommon
(Weath the eastern one-fifth
Cystopteris protrusa in
Bl isdell.
]
<
southeastward.
of the state, especially
Cystopteris tenuis (MichxJ d-dystoptcrisfragilis J Bernh., in part-
Des\'.
I
Moran
GPFA 1986)] -Locally abundant in the eastern one-fifth of the state.
(1977,
(1983) and FNA-Haufler et (1993) mapped for one station in the extreme
al. it
Dryopteris carthusiana
bcv t\8W):DryoptcnsspinubscilO.E Mull.) Kuntze-Fitzpatrick (1920), Petersen
Wan
(1923), Rydberg (1932); Dryoptcris spinubsa (O.H (NK6)|.
Mil!!.) ,LL/\
(
common
Collected infrequent between 18^2 and 2001: locally today at scat-
ly
tered sites in the paper-birch forests of the Niobrara River valley in Cherry
County
and oak-wooded between
in ravines bluffs the Missouri River in
ol
Dakota and Thurston
counties.
J Gray—
DryopteriscristataU A. Collected by Rydbcrgin 89} from shrub-
1
km
Hooker mi/240
filled fens of County, in the Sandhills, disjunct 150 west of
main many
the range: not ioutuj .since then, but potentially persisting in the
remaining (ens. Frroneously attributed also to adjacent Thomas County by
GPFA
and upon
Petersen (1923) (1977), based incorrect interpretation of the
lo-
on
cation as written the
labels.
Matteucciastruthiopteris(L)Tod. var.pensylvanica(Willd.)C.V. Morton.
First collected from the wald in 2000, in native habitat in Thurston County,
Commonly
remote from known
past or present habitations. cultivated but not
to have naturalized in the stale, although seemingly capable doing
o! so.
L—
Onoclea sensibilis Abundant today Sandhills marshes and the
in in
Flkhorn, Loup, and lower Little Blue river valleys, but rare and mostly extir-
pated elsewhere.
common
Woodsia Torr—
obtusa (Spreng.) Occasional to locally in rocky
m
woods
eastern one-filth the
fie ol state,
i
Woodsia DC. Windham
oregana baton
cathcartiana Robins.)
ssp. (B.b.
Occasional in the western two-thirds of the Mapped but the ex-
state. for all
FNA-Windham
treme southeastern corner of the state by but absent
(1993),
much
from
a greater area (Fig.
2).
MARSILEACEAE
&
m
Marsilea vestita Hook. Grew Locally abundant, sometimes massively
so.
the Platte River valley and Rainwater Basins, scarce elsewhere.
americana Braun and
Pilularia A. -First collected from
last in .1966, a large,
shallow Sandhills lake Cherry Count}' (.McGregor
in 1967).
OPHIOGLOSSACEAE
&
Botrychium campestre W.H. Wagner Farrar -First collected in 1982, from a
bur-oak and red-cedar forest on the floodplam of the Niobrara River, Brown
&
County (Freeman
Churchill matncarufolium
1983, as A. Braun, but later
11
&
formally described campestre Wagner Wagner and
as
in
B. (1986)),
still
thriving there; two nearby populations discovered 2000.
in
Common
Botrychium virginianum
)S\v in eastei n and. nort hern counties,
(
I
less so westward. Mapped for the entire state by FN A-Wagncr and Wagner
(1993),
unknown
but to us in the entire southwestern half, which lacks suitable habitat.
-Known
Ophioglossum
engelmannii Prantl only by collections in f999
i'om Law nee ountv, the northern edge
range.
t oi its
I
var.pseudopodum
vulgatumL.
Ophioglossum pusillum [=Oph ioglossum
Raf.
GPFA
abun-
Farw.-Fernald Brooks (1986)].-Locally
Blake) (1950), (1980),
(S.F.
dant on peat mounds in northwestern Sandhills fens, and on shallow peat near
m
uod DIJ
ua but not again until
springs in the Niobt lit olli in
,t
\ ill'
i- ^ t
i
1982 and subsequently seven other The habitats are not especially threat-
at sites.
ened, and a few are preserved.
PTERIDACEAE
L—
Common
Adiantum pedatum in oak-hickory forests on blul s near the Mis-
I
known rom from
and uid single collection
River nearb) tributary
souri
i
I
Rock County Niobrara River
valley.
in tin
Windham Kunze-
[=Notholaena dealbata
Argyrochosma dealbata (Pursh)
&
Webber (1890), Britton Brown (1913), Fitzpatrick (1920), Petersen (1923),
GPFA and
Rydberg Fernald (1977, 1986)] -First last collected in
(1932), (1950),
now
The disturbed
from Weeping Water Cass County. severely
1888, Valley, site,
northernmost
by quarrying limestone, for the species.
of
is
T Nutt.-Webber (1890)]-
Moore [=Cheilanthes lanuginosa
Cheilanthes
feei
Uncommon mapped
western counties, absent elsewhere; lor the entire state
in
FN Windham i>W).
by A- Rabe
&r
FNA-
Link-Mapped by
atropurpurea the entire state
Pellaea (L.) for
Windham known where
only from one western county,
(1993), but to us it is
coun-
and from seven eastern
abundant narrow, shady, cool canyons,
locally in
we
Kuhn only specimen have
ex glabella.-The
Pellaea glabella Mett. ssp.
was
from Gag ount) 1998 dthough the plant earlier
our
seen collection
is
<
mapped Nebraska by Gastony but without citation of specimens.
(1988), It
for
FNA-
mapped County by
and Richardson
was then attributed to the state for
Windham upon map.
perhaps based Gastony's
(1993),
THELYPTERIDACEAE
Lawson) Fernald [=Aspidium
pubescens
Thelypteris palustris Schott var. (G.
Gray-
Sw.-Webber Dryopteris thelypteris A.
(1890); (L.)
thelypteris (L.)
Schott-
Fitzpatnck(1920) Petersen (1923) Rydberg (1932) Thelypteris palustris
now and sometimes
GPFA 1986)].-Common in Sandhills marshes fens,
(1977,
Elkhorn and Loup drainages
massively and locally abundant in the river
so,
u
and in Jefferson ount) rial ly extirpated elsewhere.
(
<
i
EXCLUDED
SPECIES
LYCOPODIOPHYTA
Division
n 1873 through 2001. The records
Rydb was reported troin Holt County by IVtnk Ott (N7'x and
b>7<J)
,l'lv\
l
l
'aldespino(1993),butweh
m
Wyoming
and South Dakota.
n'l'v
EQUISETOPHYTA
Division
,1
J,,JI UH'llfiOl'u, ..I II
. . | , I , I | I
mm
specimen Sowbelly Canyon,
l.quisetum praictise I'hrh. IVssey lUR"') reported a Si<ni>
I
m bm
nlv. supposedly colleucd n n L ' kl >a. liaye not touiul such a specimen.
\ l>
t
The
depauperate specimens of Equisetum laevigatum.
re
d,
POLYPODIOPHYTA
Division
.-Wagner (1^3;. Moran C>yC litu could
et al. ,„
i
Dakota
Report
Willd
a Ix-ioi
upon
specimens
of Botr\
i
\-|xunn
KhI.v.-I...«.n multifidum (S.G. Gmel.) Ri U(H„SS0,UISJ}.)M nth, supposedly from hi
i|.i
so identifie '" 11 |l> The speeimeii
is , 1 ' ').
, i
' 1ml
'', !!'''„] '
^"h.'lulp
,!i' by GI'KA (1977.1 id is rejected b\
i 1 i
Wood
,,...«,,„, was .nttonandBrowi
H., it ,,) •!<! V.
:
Petersen (1923), the latter
1
The
Petrik-Ott :ement
(1979). pla. of
thi:
u.untolnnn
was
"/»l'i-'S'«-t.lfll Vtll^llMIH L. first reported for Nebraska by Bale All reports be:
: t ).
who
were by authors di dnotdistmji,.iish this spec iesl'rom O.pusil/ umRaf of which there
.,
on
M >yy
l I')/0).
< :I
M
MippOsedK
lllssoilj; .llld
I I