ebook img

A Survey of Modern English PDF

439 Pages·2020·8.483 MB·English
Save to my drive
Quick download
Download
Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.

Preview A Survey of Modern English

A Survey of Modern English A Survey of Modern English covers a wide selection of aspects of the modern English language. Fully revised and updated, the major focus of the third edition lies in Standard American English and British English individually and in comparison with each other. Over and beyond that, this volume explores other Englishes around the world, including those of Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa as well as numerous varieties spoken in southern, eastern, and western Africa, south and southeast Asia, and the Pacific. The main areas of investigation and interest include: • pronunciation, grammar, and vocabulary; • multiple facets of English dialects and sociolects with an emphasis on gender and ethnicity; • questions of pragmatics as well as a deeper look at English-related pidgin and creole varieties. This authoritative guide is a comprehensive, scholarly, and systematic review of modern English. In one volume, the book presents a description of both the linguistic structure of present-day English and its geographical, social, gender, and ethnic variations. This is com- plemented with an updated general bibliography and with exercises at the end of each chap- ter and their suggested solutions at the end of the volume, all intended to provide students and other interested readers with helpful resources. Stephan Gramley is Studiendirektor associated with the Department of Linguistic and Liter- ary Studies at Bielefeld University, Germany. Vivian Gramley is a senior lecturer for English linguistics in the Department of Linguistic and Literary Studies at Bielefeld University, Germany. Kurt-Michael Pätzold is a former senior lecturer in the Department of Linguistic and Liter- ary Studies at Bielefeld University, Germany. Tay&l Forra ncis Tay&l Forra ncis Group http://taylorandfrancis.com A Survey of Modern English Third Edition Stephan Gramley, Vivian Gramley, and Kurt-Michael Pätzold Third edition published 2021 by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 52 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2021 Stephan Gramley, Vivian Gramley, and Kurt-Michael Pätzold The right of Stephan Gramley, Vivian Gramley, and Kurt-Michael Pätzold to be identified as authors of this work has been asserted by them in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. First edition published by Routledge 1992 Second edition published by Routledge 2004 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Gramley, Stephan, 1943- author. | Gramley, Vivian, author. | Pätzold, Kurt-Michael, 1941- author. Title: A survey of modern English / Stephan Gramley, Vivian Gramley and Kurt-Michael Pätzold. Description: Third edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2020. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2020008419 (print) | LCCN 2020008420 (ebook) | ISBN 9780367281465 (hardback) | ISBN 9780367281472 (paperback) | ISBN 9780429300356 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: English language. | English language—Usage. | English language—Variation. Classification: LCC PE1087 .G7 2020 (print) | LCC PE1087 (ebook) | DDC 420.904—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020008419 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020008420 ISBN: 978-0-367-28146-5 (hbk) ISBN: 978-0-367-28147-2 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-30035-6 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by codeMantra For Hedda and for Jerome with thanks for their unparalleled patience Taylor & Francis Taylor & Francis Group http://taylorandfrancis.com Contents List of illustrations xi Preface xiii 1 The English language: standards and variation 1 1.1 Standard English (StE) 1 1.2 Language attitudes 2 1.3 The emergence of Standard English 5 1.4 Standard and General English (GenE) 7 1.5 Sociolinguistics and variation in General English: diatypes and dialects 10 1.6 Exercises 14 Further reading 16 PART 1 English as a linguistic system 17 2 Vocabulary 19 2.1 Lexical meaning and dictionaries 22 2.2 Growth and structure of the English vocabulary 26 2.3 Word formation 32 2.4 Semantic and pragmatic shifts in meaning 37 2.5 Words in combination 40 2.6 Exercises 50 Further reading 51 3 The pronunciation and spelling of English 53 3.1 The phonology of English 53 3.2 The consonants 56 3.3 The vowels 65 3.4 Suprasegmentals 73 3.5 The orthography of English 78 3.6 Exercises 83 Further reading 85 viii Contents 4 Grammar 86 4.1 Word classes 86 4.2 Functional phrases 93 4.3 The verb phrase (VP) 97 4.4 The noun phrase (NP) 116 4.5 The clause 121 4.6 Exercises 126 Further reading 131 PART 2 Uses and users of English 133 5 Written and spoken language use: diatypes 135 5.1 Language in use: the register approach 135 5.2 Textuality: texts and discourse 139 5.3 Written English: English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and the register model 146 5.4 Spoken language 155 5.5 Discourse markers 168 5.6 Exercises 172 Further reading 175 6 Dialectal and sociolinguistic variation: users 176 6.1 Dialect studies 176 6.2 Stance and variationist linguistics 178 6.3 Gender 182 6.4 Ethnicity 196 6.5 Modes of address: reflecting power, solidarity, and politeness 198 6.6 Exercises 208 Further reading 210 PART 3 National and regional varieties of English 211 7 English in the British Isles 213 7.1 The linguistic situation in the British Isles 213 7.2 Vocabulary 215 7.3 Pronunciation 216 7.4 Grammar and inflectional morphology 224 7.5 Social and regional dimensions 226 7.6 Exercises 236 Further reading 238 8 English in America 239 8.1 English in North America 239 8.2 The vocabulary of AmE 245 8.3 Pronunciation 246 8.4 Grammar 253 8.5 Social and ethnic variation in AmE 256 8.6 Exercises 264 Further reading 266 Contents ix 9 Standard British and American English in comparison 267 9.1 Comparing standard Englishes 267 9.2 Vocabulary 267 9.3 Pronunciation and spelling 272 9.4 Grammar and inflectional morphology 282 9.5 Social, regional, and pragmatic dimensions 287 9.6 Exercises 288 Further reading 291 10 English in Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa 292 10.1 Southern Hemisphere Settler English 292 10.2 Southern Hemisphere: vocabulary 296 10.3 Southern Hemisphere: pronunciation 300 10.4 Southern Hemisphere English: grammar 305 10.5 Variation in Southern Hemisphere English 308 10.6 Exercises 312 Further reading 313 11 Pidgin and creole English 314 11.0 Understanding what pidgins and creoles are 314 11.1 English pidgins and creoles 320 11.2 Vocabulary and word formation in English-based pidgins and creoles 324 11.3 The pronunciation of English pidgins and creoles 328 11.4 Grammar 330 11.5 A creole in use 332 11.6 Exercises 333 Further reading 334 12 English as a Second Language 335 12.1 English as a Second Language (ESL) in Africa and Asia 338 12.2 Vocabulary in ESL varieties in Africa and Asia 350 12.3 The pronunciation of ESL in Africa and Asia 352 12.4 The grammar of ESL in Africa and Asia 356 12.5 Pragmatic variation in African and Asian ESL 360 12.6 Exercises 365 Further reading 366 Key to the exercises 367 Bibliography 383 Index 409

See more

The list of books you might like

Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.