A study of parent-child relationships in patients with peptic ulcer and bronchial asthma as revealed by projective techniques

342 Pages·014.711 MB·English

by  Stone, Gideon Barto

A STUDY OF PARENT-CHILD RELATIONSHIPS IN PATIENTS
WITH PEPTIC ULCER AND BRONCHIAL ASTHMA
AS REVEALED BY PROJECTIVE TECHNIQUES
A Dissertation
Presented to
the Faculty of the Department of Psychology
The University of Southern California
In Partial Fulfillment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Doctor of Philosophy
by
Gideon Barto Stone II
June 1950
UMI Number: DP30398
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This dissertation} written by
Gixieon-Bar.tx3..3.tQnfi. .II................
under the guidance of hi-S—~ Faculty Committee
on Studies, and approved by all its members, has
been presented to and accepted by the Council
,
on Graduate Study and Research in partial ful­
fillment of requirements for the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
...
Committee on Studies
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I wish to express my gratitude to the many individuals
who have been both helpful and essential in the preparation
of this study. Foremost are Dr, S. M. Wesley who served as a
stimulating consultant throughout the research and subsequent
preparation of the paper; and Dr, G. H, Seward, who gave many
helpful suggestions in planning the methodology of the experi­
ment, and in reading the manuscript, I wish to thank Dr, R.
S. Tolman, Dr, F. J, Kirkner and DR, H.S. Grayson, for making
available the facilities of the Veterans Administration
general hospitals, and for their aid in making the collection
of the data possible. Finally, I wish to acknowledge my in­
debtedness to Dr, A, S, Friedman, Dr, P. A, Goodwin and Dr.
S. D. Prince, the other members of the group research project
of which this study has been one part.
G. B. Stone
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I. THE PROBLEM AND DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED . . . 1
The problem • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2
Statement of the problem • • • • • • • • • 2
Importance of the study • • • • • • • • • • 3
Definitions of terms used . . • • • • • • • • 4
Parent-child relationships • • • • • • • • 4
Bronchial asthma • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5
Peptic ulcer • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 5
Psychosomatic 5
II. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE . . .............. 7
General considerations in psychosomatic
research • • • • • • • • • • • • • • . • • 7
Social and Cultural considerations • • • • 20
Evidence of Cultural influence in
Psychosomatic disorders • • • • • • • • * 27
Studies on Bronchial Asthma ................ 32
Psychoanalytic studies ................ 32
Psychiatric studies 35
Psychometric studies • • • • • • • • • • • 40
Summary ................................ 43
Studies on Peptic Ulcer • • • • • • • • • • • 44
Psychoanalytic studies • • • • • • • • • • 46
Psychiatric studies • • • • • • • • • • • • 52
iii
CHAPTER PAGE
Psychometric studies ...................... 63
Two ulcer personality types .............. 68
Summary.................................. 70
Summary of studies with regard to parent-
child relationships .......... . . . . . . 72
Findings regarding asthma patients ........ 72
Findings regarding ulcer patients ........ 74
Hypotheses . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
III. MATERIALS AND PROCEDURE........................ 82
Materials................................. 83
The Rorschach Test ........... • • • • • 85
The Thematic Apperception Test............ 86
The Psychosomatic Sentence Completion Test • 90
The Psychosomatic Biographical Data Form • • 93
The Otis Self-Administering Test of
Mental Ability.......................... 94
Procedures ......... • • • • • 95
Summary......................................100
IV. SUBJECTS ........................... . . . . . 101
Selection of subjects . .......... . . . . . 101
General characteristics of the sample
population ......................... 105
Summary......................................109
iv
CHAPTER PAGE
V. THE CLASSIFICATION OF THE ULCER CASES
INTO W O GROUPS............................ 110
Criteria used for classification of cases . • 113
VI. RESULTS..................................... 125
Statistical treatment of the data * 126
Biographical data sheet .................... 135
Socio-economic status .................... 137
Childhood training • • • . • • • • • • . . 141
Attitudes tOYrard parents................ 152
Psychosomatic Sentence Completion Test . . . 161
Relationship with the father............ 163
Attitude toward male authority figures . . 167
Relationship with the mother • • • • • • • 169
Attitude toward females in general • • • • 176
Attitude toward childhood and home . ; . * I83
Thematic Apperception Test ............ 186
Relationship with the father and male
authority figures ...................... 188
Relationship v/ith the mother and females
in general............................ 208
Rorschach T e s t ........................... 241
Human figure responses to card III • • • • 242
Specifications to female figure in card VII 246
V
CHAPTER PAGE
Additional data on identification............ 249
VII. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS........................ 256
Results related to hypotheses.................. 256
Hypothesis 1 ' ............. 256
Hypothesis 2 ................................260
Hypothesis 3 ................................261
Hypothesis 4 ............... 264
Hypothesis 5 ................................266
Hypothesis 6 . . . . . 270
Hypothesis 7 ................................272
Hypothesis 8 * ............................277
Hypothesis 9 ................. 279
Hypothesis 1 0 ................................282
Additional findings .......................... 286
Childhood training ...................... ♦ 287
Dependency • • • • • • • • • • • .......... 290
Goals and social values . . 292
VIII. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.......................... 296
Statement of the-problem . . . . . . . 296
Subjects . . . . ............. 293
Materials and procedure ................ 299
Conclusions .................... . . . . . . . 301
Additional findings ............ 304*
vi
CHAPTER PAGE
BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................... 306
APPENDIX A ......................................... 316.
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
I. Age, I. Q., and Years of Education of the
Two Psychosomatic Groups 106
II* Educational Level of Ulcer and Asthma
Patients ............ • • • • • • • • . • 108
III. Number of Cases of Agreement of Each
Griterion Item with the combined
Criterion ........... 122
IV. Chance Probability of Significant Differ­
ences and Obtained Number of Differences
Between Asthma and Ulcer Groups . * . . * • 129
V. Sentence Completion Test: Attitudes to
Females............................. 177
VI. Sentence Completion Test: Attitudes to
Females . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 179
VII. Thematic Apperception Test: Analysis of
Father-Son Relationships in Card 7BM . . . . 191
VIII. Thematic Apperception Test: Analysis of
Relationships with Male Authority Figures
in Card 1 2 M ......... • • • • • • • • • • • 199
IX. Thematic Apperception Test: Analysis of
Relationships with Male Authority Figures
in Card 8BM . . . . ...................... 20?