A Statistical Analysis of Intra-Individual Scatter on the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale

93 Pages·4.349 MB·English

by  Monroe, Jack Jagers

PURDUE UNIVERSITY
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION
Jack Jagers Monroe
BY
e n titled A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF INTRA-INDIVIDUAL SCATTER
ON THE WECH3LER-BELLEVUE INTELLIGENCE SCALE
COMPLIES WITH THE UNIVERSITY REGULATIONS ON GRADUATION THESES
AND IS APPROVED BY ME AS FULFILLING THIS PART OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE DEGREE OF
Doctor of Philosophy
HPUJlkil
Professor ix Charge of Thesis
Head of School or Department
August_________IQ 50
TO THE LIBRARIAN:----
TS-
THIS THESIS IS NOT TO BE REGARDED AS CONFIDENTIAL.
PBOFE6SOR tiff CHAR
GRAD, SCHOOL FORM G—3-49—1M

A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF D7TRA-INDIVIDUAL SCATTER ON TEE
WECHSIER-EELLEVUE INTELLIGENCE SCALE
A Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty
of
Purdue University
by
Jack Jagers Monroe
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
of
Doctor of Philosophy
August, 1950
ProQuest Number: 27714206
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AGKN QWLEDGMEOTS
The author is glad of this opportunity to express his appreciation
to Professor John M. Hadley and Professor E. J. Asher who, as co­
directors of this project, provided constant guidance and encouragement
in the execution of this study.
Appreciation is also expressed to Professors Joseph Tiffin,
L* M. Baker, and Elizabeth K* Wilson, members of the committee, who
showed considerable interest in this investigation and who supplied
valuable assistance in the final phase of preparing the manuscript.
The author is grateful to the Purdue Research Foundation whose
interest in this project made it financially possible.
Acknowledgment is made to the Veterans Administration, whose en­
lightened policy toward research made available a large portion of the
data analyzed in this study.
Finally, the author acknowledges the technical advice of Professors
Kossack and Burr of the Statistical Laboratory.
ABSTRACT
Monroe, Jack Jagers, A STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF INTRA-INDIVIDUAL
SCATTER CE THE WECHSLER-BELLEVUE INTELLIGENCE SCALE, August, 1950,
80 pages, 47 tables, 18 titles in the bibliography.
Perhaps no problem in the area of clinical diagnosis has been so
widely studied with such inconsistency of results as has the problem of
psychometric scatter. Several articles have recently appeared in the
psychological journals which suggest that intellectual level of the sub­
ject may influence the variability of his performance on the Bellevue
Scale in a manner not previously suspected or tested. There is also
s till the problem of the influence of maladjustment upon scatter. Do
schizophrenics scatter more than neurotics, do neurotics scatter more
than well-adjusted normals? The purpose of this study was to determine
to what extent scatter on the Bellevue Scale is a function of adjustment
level,to what extent, if any, it is influenced by intellectual level of
subjects, and if there is any interaction between the two variables of
adjustment and intelligence in determining scatter* A third variable,
that of locality, was introduced, since the sub-samples which make up
the total experimental and control group were not statistically equiva­
lent with respect to intelligence.
Individual standard deviations on the Bellevue Scale were computed
for 352 subjects. These were thrown into a 3 X 3 X 2 factorial design
and 18 subclass means were tested for heterogeneity. Modifications
in ordinary analysis of variance procedure were introduced, because cer­
tain irregularities in the data rendered ordinary methods inadequate.
The findings warrant the following conclusions:
1. The 18 subclass means, classified with respect to intelligence,
adjustment, and locality, turned out to be heterogeneous, even though
their class variances were homogeneous.
2. The Kansas sample seemed to be more variable than a similar
group of Indiana subjects.
3. There was strong evidence for interaction between intelligence
and adjustment as influencera of Bellevue scatter.
4. Only schizophrenics with low intelligence were significantly
more variable on the Bellevue Scale than other groups. Schizophrenics
with medium and high intelligence were no more variable than were the
neurotics and normals. No statistically significant differences were
found between the mean variability scores of neurotics and well-adjusted
normals*
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION AND STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM................................................... 1
PROCEDURE......................................................................................................................... 6
METHODOLOGICAL RAMIFICATIONS AND UNDERLYING ASSUMPTIONS....................... 11
ANALYSIS OF RESULTS.................................................................................................. 22
CONCLUSIONS AND DISCUSSION.................................................................................... 38
BIBLIOGRAPHY. ............. 40
APPENDIX A............................ 42
APPENDIX B ... ................. 78
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 1 Distribution of Standard Deviations of 200 Normal
Subjects on the W-B Intelligence Scale. ....................... 13
Table 2 Distribution of Standard Deviations of 352 Normal,
Neurotic, and Psychotic Subjects on the W-B Intelligence
Scale, With a Statistical Test of the Normality Assumption.... 15
Table 3 Welch* s nLM Test for Homogeneity of Variances
Between 18 Sub-samples, Classified with Respect to Adjust­
ment Type, Intellectual Level, and Locality (Kansas or Indiana) 17
Table 4 Failure of the Addition Theorem in a Non-orbhogonal
Des ign. ............. 19
Summary Table ! . . ...................................................................................................... 23
Summary Table 2 . ................... 26
Summary Table 3-A.................................................................................................... 29
Summary Table 3-B. ...............................................................................•••• 30
Summary Table 4 ........................................................................................................ 34
Summary Table 5............................................................................................................ 37
Design 1-A Preliminary Analysis of Variance of Main Effects of
Intelligence, Adjustment, and Locality Being the Ordinary
Method of Analysis, with Unequal and Disproportionate Class
Numbers ........................ 43
Design 1-B Preliminary Analysis of Variance of Main Effects of
Intelligence and Adjustment in the Two Principal Sub-Samples,
Using the Ordinary Method of Analysis, with Unequal and
Disproportionate Class Numbers. ............. 44
Design 2-A Analysis of Variance of Main Effects and Interaction
Between Intelligence and Adjustment in Total Sample (Locality
Uncontrolled), Using a Method of Expected Class Numbers. 45
Design 2-B Analysis of Variance of Main Effects ( Interaction
Present) of Intelligence and Adjustment in the Total Sample
(Locality Uncontrolled), Using a Method of Weighted Squares
of Means ...»................... 46
Design 3-A Analysis of Variance of Main Effects and Interaction
Between Intelligence and Locality in Total Sample (Adjustment
Uncontrolled), Using a Method of Expected Class Numbers....... 47
LIST OF TABLES
-continued-
Page
Design 3-B Analysis of Variance of Main Effects (Interaction
Present) of Intelligence and Locality in the Total Sample
(Adjustment Uncontrolled) ^ Using a Method of Weighted Squares
of Means. .................................... 48
Design 4 Analysis of Variance of Main Effects and Interaction
Between Adjustment and Locality in the Total Sample ( Intelli­
gence Uncontrolled), Using a Method of Expected Class Numbers. 49
Design 5-A Analysis of Variance of Main Effects and Interaction
Between Intelligence and Adjustment in the Kansas Sample,
Using a Method of Expected Class Numbers......................... 50
Design 5-B Analysis of Variance of Main Effects of Intelligence
and Adjustment in the Kansas Sample (Interaction Present)
Using a Method of Weighted Squares of Means............................... 51
Design 6 Analysis of Variance of Main Effects and Interaction
Between Intelligence and Adjustment in the Indiana Sample,
Using a Method of Expected Class Numbers ........................ 52
Design 7-A Analysis of Variance of Main Effects and Interaction
Between Intelligence and Adjustment (Excluding Neurotics) in
the Kansas Sample, Using a Method of Expected Class Numbers. •• 53
Design 7-B Analysis of Variance of Main Effects (Interaction
Present) of Intelligence and Adjustment (Excluding Neurotics)
in the Kansas Sample, Using a Method of Weighted Squares of
Means. .......... 54
Design 8-A Analysis of Variance of Main Effects and Interaction
Between Intelligence and Adjustment (Excluding Neurotics) in
the Indiana Sample, Using a Method of Expected Class Numbers.. 55
Design 8-B Analysis of Variance of Main Effects (Interaction
Present) of Intelligence and Adjustment (Excluding Neurotics)
in the Indiana Sample, Using a Method of Weighted Squares of
Means. ........... 56
Design 9-A Analysis of Variance of Main Effects and Interaction
Between Intelligence and Adjustment (Excluding Normals) in the
Kansas Sample, Using a Method of Expected Class Numbers. ........ 57
Design 9-B Analysis of Variance of Main Effects (Interaction
present) of Intelligence and Adjustment (Excluding Normals)
in the Kansas Sample, Using a Method of Weighted Squares of
Means .................................. 58