s e s u r i a f t p e c x e A Spiritual Revolution , r e h s i l b u p e h t m ro The Impact of Reformation and f n o si Enlightenment in Orthodox Russia s i m r e p t u o h t i w m r o f y n a n i d e c u d o r p e r e b t Andrey V. Ivanov o n y a M . d e v r e s e r s t h g i r l l A © 2020. University of Wisconsin Press. under U.S. or applicable copyright law. td he gt riit the university of Wisconsin press ym pr oe Cp EBSCO Publishing : eBook Academic Collection Trial - printed on 7/26/2022 6:31 PM via RUSSIAN STATE LIBRARY AN: 2640309 ; Andrey V. Ivanov.; A Spiritual Revolution : The Impact of Reformation and Enlightenment in Orthodox Russia, 1700–1825 Account: s7167233 s e s u ir Publication of this book was made possible, in part, by a grant from the a f t First Book Subvention Program of the Association for Slavic, East European, p e xc and Eurasian Studies. e , r e sh The University of Wisconsin Press i l ub 728 State Street, Suite 443 p e Madison, Wisconsin 53706 h t m uwpress.wisc.edu o r f n o i Gray’s Inn House, 127 Clerkenwell Road s s mi London ec1r 5DB, United Kingdom r e p eurospanbookstore.com t u o h t wi Copyright © 2020 m or The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System f ny All rights reserved. Except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical a n articles and reviews, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a i ed retrieval system, transmitted in any format or by any means—digital, electronic, c u od mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—or conveyed via the internet or r ep a website without written permission of the University of Wisconsin Press. Rights r be inquiries should be directed to [email protected]. t o n y a Printed in the United States of America M d. This book may be available in a digital edition. e v r e s e r Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data s ht Names: Ivanov, Andrey V. (Andrey Vyacheslavovich), author. g i r Title: A spiritual revolution : the impact of Reformation and Enlightenment l l © 2020. University of Wisconsin Press. Aunder U.S. or applicable copyright law. DeSsucbriEjCpenctliltaIoissgd:nRs heil:ufint lcMesctcnsiaskfia tmhraideIeo︠irne:ica︡ nssncRo :oi:p ltr nlnuu—ldrR cds,acO suavWecRkcvsosransu at sibi︠ihilsBsaa︡ laics2o—a brviop0bdaln9nri.2loCo aae3s0|x︠vi5 gi ha︡a0nR orR. tua0 ︠tisu :s︡rpulh84 saecT3hsts1vrhst i8hkin2pia c1ahoe—0asa |v:i︠i/2lU /sa︡ iʹ0/Ctr—A snole︠t cs︡hnB|fri eceHvyDudnrnre—kreriD.r cesnlo9sothyci1vc7otc 8 eʹyV 8hr.—02sg y0.i o81 os—a2-I1ftHnvv19 .oW99/ad91ir21/n9sy 3704tiito2—nos.7h27vc rd00 .o9y1c e00 8n0—ex90tns3.h0 i4 t1n( u831cc 83trlPeh—1oynr. te tch|uds e)s rcn ,y 2t[.3u 2| r0 y2. 0| ] | td he gt it ri ym pr oe Cp EBSCO Publishing : eBook Academic Collection Trial - printed on 7/26/2022 6:31 PM via RUSSIAN STATE LIBRARY AN: 2640309 ; Andrey V. Ivanov.; A Spiritual Revolution : The Impact of Reformation and Enlightenment in Orthodox Russia, 1700–1825 Account: s7167233 s e s u r i a f t p e c x e , r e h s i bl To Katia u p e h t m o r f n o i s s i m r e p t u o h t i w m r o f y n a n i d e c u d o r p e r e b t o n y a M . d e v r e s e r s t h g i r l l A © 2020. University of Wisconsin Press. under U.S. or applicable copyright law. td he gt it ri ym pr oe Cp EBSCO Publishing : eBook Academic Collection Trial - printed on 7/26/2022 6:31 PM via RUSSIAN STATE LIBRARY AN: 2640309 ; Andrey V. Ivanov.; A Spiritual Revolution : The Impact of Reformation and Enlightenment in Orthodox Russia, 1700–1825 Account: s7167233 s e s u r i a f t p e c x e , r e h s i l b u p e h t m o r f n o i s s i m r e p t u o h t i w m r o f y n a n i d e c u d o r p e r e b t o n y a M . d e v r e s e r s t h g i r l l A © 2020. University of Wisconsin Press. under U.S. or applicable copyright law. td he gt it ri ym pr oe Cp EBSCO Publishing : eBook Academic Collection Trial - printed on 7/26/2022 6:31 PM via RUSSIAN STATE LIBRARY AN: 2640309 ; Andrey V. Ivanov.; A Spiritual Revolution : The Impact of Reformation and Enlightenment in Orthodox Russia, 1700–1825 Account: s7167233 s e s u r i a f t p e c x e r, CONTENTS e h s i l b u p e h t m o r f n o i s s i m r e p t u o h t i w List of Illustrations ix m r o f Acknowledgments xi y n a in A Note on Transliteration xiii d e c du Introduction: Russia’s Century of Reform and Enlightenment 3 o r p e r e b Part I. OrthoDox Russia ReformeD t o n ay 1 Russian Orthodoxy on the Eve of the Reforms: The Ukrainian M d. Context, 1654–1712 25 e v r e es 2 Escape from Rome: The Peregrinations of Feofan Prokopovich, r ts 1696–1704 41 h g i r 3 A Russian Luther: Feofan in St. Petersburg, 1716–1725 56 l l A © 2020. University of Wisconsin Press. under U.S. or applicable copyright law. P a645 r A1“CE1t77T n o26SInhl52tiI–teg–r.iu 1hn1 F78gOtul3e0gei6n1ltrd e iigte nfslh ogion rfot g hORsDe eor ofCtfoh xrthomh udRe,ro cu1Pxh7eys3:t: s6r FiS–inaaa1ie7v t h6EiNn5 an gen slRtd”iu :gCs sEhuiaaltt rfuleryro neEm einn D“l iPtghahept eiAsntgm Te eyonrfa tR naennayds,o” nt h, e 11852945 t d 7 Light from the Pulpit: Preaching Reason to Russia’s Masses, he gt riit 1754–1801 189 ym pr oe Cp vii EBSCO Publishing : eBook Academic Collection Trial - printed on 7/26/2022 6:31 PM via RUSSIAN STATE LIBRARY AN: 2640309 ; Andrey V. Ivanov.; A Spiritual Revolution : The Impact of Reformation and Enlightenment in Orthodox Russia, 1700–1825 Account: s7167233 viii Contents 8 Spiritual Napoleons: Awakened Bishops and the Bureaucratic s e us Reaction, 1801–1824 202 r i a f Conclusion: Protasov’s Apocalypse, 1836 236 t p e c x e , Appendix 245 r e h s li Notes 251 b u p he Bibliography 313 t m ro Index 347 f n o i s s i m r e p t u o h t i w m r o f y n a n i d e c u d o r p e r e b t o n y a M . d e v r e s e r s t h g i r l l A © 2020. University of Wisconsin Press. under U.S. or applicable copyright law. td he gt it ri ym pr oe Cp EBSCO Publishing : eBook Academic Collection Trial - printed on 7/26/2022 6:31 PM via RUSSIAN STATE LIBRARY AN: 2640309 ; Andrey V. Ivanov.; A Spiritual Revolution : The Impact of Reformation and Enlightenment in Orthodox Russia, 1700–1825 Account: s7167233 s e s u r i a f t p e c x e r, ILLUSTRATIONS e h s i l b u p e h t m o r f n o i s s i m r e p t u o h t i w Figure 1. The Church of St. Athanasius, Rome 42 m r o f y Figure 2. Feofan Prokopovich’s alumni records at the Collegio Greco n a n in Rome 47 i d e uc Figure 3. Archbishop Feofan Prokopovich 57 d o r p re Figure 4. The title page of Johann Peter Kohl’s Ecclesia Graeca e b Lutheranizans 87 t o n ay Figure 5. A page from Johann Arndt’s Wahres Christentum 140 M . d ve Figure 6. The second title page of Russia’s reformed Bible 148 r e s e r Figure 7. Seminary life during Orthodox Enlightenment 160 s t h g ri Figure 8. Metropolitan Platon Levshin as an Enlightenment l Al allegory 178 © 2020. University of Wisconsin Press. under U.S. or applicable copyright law. FFiiggAuunrreen 91a0 .O .M Arlerotcvrhoai-pmCoalhintedasnmri tFeeni lFsakoreattiiia D anrodz hdiosv s pofir Mituoaslc doewv otee, Countess 222183 td he gt it ri ym pr oe Cp ix EBSCO Publishing : eBook Academic Collection Trial - printed on 7/26/2022 6:31 PM via RUSSIAN STATE LIBRARY AN: 2640309 ; Andrey V. Ivanov.; A Spiritual Revolution : The Impact of Reformation and Enlightenment in Orthodox Russia, 1700–1825 Account: s7167233 s e s u r i a f t p e c x e , r e h s i l b u p e h t m o r f n o i s s i m r e p t u o h t i w m r o f y n a n i d e c u d o r p e r e b t o n y a M . d e v r e s e r s t h g i r l l A © 2020. University of Wisconsin Press. under U.S. or applicable copyright law. td he gt it ri ym pr oe Cp EBSCO Publishing : eBook Academic Collection Trial - printed on 7/26/2022 6:31 PM via RUSSIAN STATE LIBRARY AN: 2640309 ; Andrey V. Ivanov.; A Spiritual Revolution : The Impact of Reformation and Enlightenment in Orthodox Russia, 1700–1825 Account: s7167233 s e s u r i a f t p e c x e r, ACKNOWLEDGMENTS e h s i l b u p e h t m o r f n o i s s i m r e p t u o h t i w Behind every book is a journey and this work is no exception. This journey— m r fo from the archives to the publication—was not a solitary one. It took the help y an of communities and individuals to make this book happen. I owe deep grati- n i tude to all of them. d e uc This work would not have been possible without generous financial and d o pr institutional support for the project I have received over the years. Most of the e r e writing for this manuscript took place in Madison, Wisconsin, in the spring b ot of 2018 and at Notre Dame, Indiana, in the late summer and fall of 2018. In n ay Madison, I had the honor of holding a UW System Fellowship at the Institute M d. for Research in the Humanities, with full access to the world-class scholarly, e v er interlocutory, and librarian resources. In Indiana, I was a faculty fellow at the s e r Notre Dame Institute for Advanced Study. The residential and contemplative s t gh nature of that fellowship fostered a phenomenal environment of deliberation, i r l focus, and ardor while also giving this project much-needed interdisciplinary l A © 2020. University of Wisconsin Press. under U.S. or applicable copyright law. stPOasAIaAhct nnlmlaaraffiaeddymutnko sttcHkFs e nieaanpfvr,gtaun. iya rNlgld.tJrlv hierttraAmaieo e crLtSa ldium tmtiooMh b lHklnaaoeieorbnca rsolBCllatryy ou aloE aaavgrtAsnn ri hhteicdrodnnatshteonn o,s iac Sn vwkSanaCti fndJ.sLmdu o,tdeP isllaeb i lenaoErnetrtcnoga fetdhR r e drutfTysi oorHvbcc aaVmreoaunv istltiserj elishtaaegol;io cce t.nwLEirrt nHy ioovDaog sgrsDnu s keeF smaaNeone lcnpvlsiaouli’oaison crrr EwOtia tithmant.si otffi ehvRA erseYisn,ycpms aecwtHt l,e,fhee ohdUeUra;ro ir l cFnozWi ffanoariva,.vctgs c–eoEikM ilPrAl iiuisttiltiaua rhaatinottgytniitspeu une odeMesgpvf t,l imr mWlaoBoNlneysjiye cii bdPs rncorcle rt,eRiwoso .ose Onuev;tIa hasos raSisracesnnicBmthkahd–’s,,,. t d This book would not have been possible without the great conversations that he gt riit stimulated the progress of the manuscript. In Grande Prairie, AB, Reuben, ym pr oe Cp xi EBSCO Publishing : eBook Academic Collection Trial - printed on 7/26/2022 6:31 PM via RUSSIAN STATE LIBRARY AN: 2640309 ; Andrey V. Ivanov.; A Spiritual Revolution : The Impact of Reformation and Enlightenment in Orthodox Russia, 1700–1825 Account: s7167233 xii Acknowledgments and Arlene Loewen gave me much-needed counsel in sharpening the proj- s e us ect’s thematic relevance for audiences outside academia. At Notre Dame, Brad r ai Gregory, Don Stelluto, Ulrich Lehner, Christopher Hamlin, Clare Kim, John f pt Deak, Daniel Hinshaw, David Bentley Hart, Emily Wang, Peter Cajka, Yury e c ex Avvakumov, Laura Dassow Walls, and Fredrik Albritton Jonsson gifted me , er with valuable comments and critique that helped me situate the project in h s li wider global and European contexts. In Madison, I am thankful for fruitful b u p conversations with David McDonald, Francine Hirsch, Lynn Nyhart, Tom e h t Broman, Max Harris, Ullrich Langer, Kirill Ospovat, Toma Longinović, Pablo m o fr Gómez, Manon van de Water, Jonathan Pollack, and Rob Cramer. In Boston, n io I would like to express gratitude to Franziska Seraphim, Robin Fleming, David s s mi Quigley, Virginia Reinburg, Prasannan Parthasarathi, Ben Braude, Grainne r e p McEvoy, Julian Bourg, Lubomyr Hajda, Michael Flier, Anna Graber, and Perry t u ho So. At Yale, I am grateful to Laura Engelstein, Carlos Eire, and David Sorkin, t i w for helping me discern the wider Russian and European intellectual contexts m r fo that this book addresses. In Wolfenbüttel, scholars from all over the world shared y an insightful observations and advice, particularly Michael Schippan, Jill Bepler, n i Elizabeth Harding, Volker Bauer, Beth Plummer, Sébastien Côté, Timothy d e uc Wengert, Margarita Korzo, Tatiana Artemyeva, Vladimir Somov, and Tricia d o pr Ross. e r e This book would not have been possible without great editors. I am ex- b ot ceedingly fortunate to have a dedicated UW Press team, who put so much of n ay their time and effort into this project: Gwen Walker, Dennis Lloyd, Nathan M d. MacBrien, Sheila McMahon, and Anna Muenchrath. e v er This book would not have been possible without guidance and mentorship. s e r My UW–Platteville colleagues, Adam Stanley, David Krugler, Gene Tesdahl, s t gh and Melissa Gormley, encouraged and sustained my commitment to finishing i r l the manuscript. Among the mentors in the field, I am grateful to Patrick Michel- l A © 2020. University of Wisconsin Press. under U.S. or applicable copyright law. smfifOsTi linropvniusenfrkeaM piin,shtanl i ftNlororyguelae fn dladtvm 2o i,ddieo o0suyieicinfe0s pror csm 4Zienzcaut sdhinasestgq adsi ndsrllui toodao tKaegodnvrngduiereuszse,sni ke a.a,dh n )atnIwaIe enk sd ntl iedopaht sctgmh, eeae rdmdnAm ag ki kmtlsmrieeeicne tp Sxouaueuaatets srd pfnr tsm johe oedo(d cdiwnegyeiue ro hPoeas tt M phhnintlocooleed nhykat mh primhwintieanniiysh aintd r tphnwaa,ire ig ttouaribt hfHdawnshtecttueda,a ira dpotc siKr Gp e navlitadettma.aoht d rrIif p mda y rPedt,oo, vo a Meewmrweu dttrhtalhai h o cnsorioBit ikas tnsstfiut ee haebcrlsb n ,leeaohts e .ddwh okgmwv ikohiwsinry v coiwhpn iet ltirar iiocnaoefntrhen agjgwk ed,dsa c a,tnwt tomosocd. hf onh HatotmoSnehhsittryeees-... td he gt it ri ym pr oe Cp EBSCO Publishing : eBook Academic Collection Trial - printed on 7/26/2022 6:31 PM via RUSSIAN STATE LIBRARY AN: 2640309 ; Andrey V. 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