A revision of Psoloptera butler, including a redescription of its known species (Arctiidae : Arctiinae : Euchromiini)

2006·2.8 MB·

Volume 60, Number 3 149
JournaloftheLepidopterists'Society
60(3),2006,149-155
A REVISION OFPSOLOPTERA BUTLER, INCLUDING A REDESCRIPTION OF ITS KNOWN SPECIES
(ARCTIIDAE: ARCTIINAE: EUCHROMIINI)
RebeccaB. Simmons
Dept.ofBiology,UniversityofNorthDakota,P.O. Box9019,GrandForks, ND58202,[email protected]
ABSTRACT. Psoloptera Butler,agenusofthreespecieswithinEuchromiini,waspreviouslydescribedbasedonwingvenationandoverall
appearance,resultinginapolvphvletieassemblage. Here,speciesofPsoloptera areredescribedandillustrated. Onespecies,P. aurifera (Her-
rich-Schaffer),istransferredtoCalonotosHiibnerasanewcombination. ComparisonsofmaleandfemalegenitaliaofPsolopterawithother
historicallyassociatedgenerarefuteprevioushypodiesesoneuchromunerelationships.
Additionalkeywords: Neotropicalfauna,taxonomy,mimicry
The tribe Euchromiini (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae: genitalia ol both sexes of all Psoloptera species are
Arctiinae) consists of highly specialized mimics of figured for the first time here as well. Relationships of
Hvmenoptera, Diptera, and Coleoptera. This Psoloptera and othereuchromiines are discussed.
specialized mimicry has confounded efforts to classify
these animals; distantly related species may mimic the
same model, resulting in a convergence in appearance.
Historically, classificationswereformedbasedonoverall
wingvenation andsimilarcoloration.Thispractice often
results in polvphvletie genera. One such genus is
Psoloptera Buder (Figs. 1-3).
Buder (1876) erected Psoloptera, and originally
placed two species in the genus, P. thoracia (Walker)
and P. leucosticta (Hiibner). Later, Schaus (1894)
described P. ba.sifulva, citing that it was allied to P.
thoracia (Walker), the type of Psoloptera. Hampson
(1898) placed P. aurifera (Herrich-Schaffer) in
Psoloptera because of similar overall appearance and
wingvenation.
Butler (1876) placed Psoloptera in the subfamily
Euchromiinae (= Euchromiini of Jacobson & Weller
2002), and stated that itwas closelyallied to Calonotos
Hiibner andAmijcles Herrich-Schaffer (= Pompiliodes
Hampson 1898; = Sphecosoma Simmons & Weller in
press),but distinctbecauseofitsplumose antennae and
different hindwing venation. Hampson (1898), in his
phylogeny of the Syntominae, placed Psoloptera as
ancestraltoMetaloba Hampson, andsisterto Calonotos,
Chrysocale Walker, Microgyria Butler, Mystrocneme
Herrich-Schaffer, Orcynia Walker, Paramya Druce =
(
Methysia Butler; Simmons & Weller in press), Saurita
Herrich-Schaffer, and Scena Walker. Forbes (1939a)
alliedPsolopterato Saurita basedonwingvenation, and Fig. 1. Male P. basifulva Schaus, tvpe specimen (USNM).
noted that the genera differed in the branching ofthe F(iUgS.NM2)..AdFuilgt. P3.. lMeaulcoestPi.cttahor(aHciiibane(rW)a,lkelre)c,tottxvppee ssppeecciimmeenn
radial veins. Though a consensus of these views (BMNH).
indicates a close relationship with Calonotos, this
Materials and Methods
assertion hasneverbeenexaminedusinganycharacters
otherthan external features. Standard genitalic and whole-bodv dissections were
This paper redescribes Psoloptera and revises its performed (Winter 2000). Bodies were softened in
composition by transferring one species to Calonotos. warm 10% KOH for 5-15 minutes and dien cleaned
The individual species are diagnosed and figured. The (scales andvisceraremoved) inseveral rinsesof30-40%
150 Journalofthe Lepidopterists' Society
ethanol. Structureswerestainedwith chlorazoleblack E Phylogenetie placement. In Euchromiini, male
(Sigma, St. Louis, MO) dissolved in distilled water genitalia are useful for assigning species to genera,
(saturated). Specimenswereviewedin30^0% ethanol. groupinggenera, andforverification oftribal affiliation.
Wings were bleached and then neutralized with dilute Psoloptera shares genital features with some other
aceticacid. Theywerethen rinsedindistilledwater, and euchromiines: projections on the tegumen, slightly
stained overnight with Eosin Y (1% in distilled water; bilobedvalves, andenlargedjuxta. Calonotosphlegmon,
Fisher Scientific, Pittsburgh, PA). Permanent slide Chn/socale principalis, and Metaloba argante share an
mountsofwings, abdominal pelts, appendages, genitalia enlargedjuxtawith spines, as in Fig. 4. This characteris
andthoracesweremadewith Euparol (Bioquip, Rancho also present in Macrocneme Hiibner and certainly
Dominguez, CA). represents a synapomorphy for this group of genera
Male-female pairs of each species of Psoloptera (Deitz 1994). Methysia notabilis appears to have highly
(sensuZerny 1912)were dissectedtodescribegenitalia. specialized genitaliawith trilobedvalves and a spirelike
These species includedP. thoracia (Walker), P. aurifera juxta (figured in Simmons & Weller in press). Males of
(Herrich-Schaffer), P. basifulva Schaus, and P. Saurita cassandra, Scena styx, and Sphecosoma aliena
leucosticta Hiibner. Cameralucidadrawingswere made do not have genitalia similar to Psoloptera males (not
from thesepreparations. Forewing measurementswere figured). Thevalves ofOrcynia are bilobed,while diose
made from specimens representing each species of ofPsoloptera are unilobed; however, Orcynia calcarata
Psoloptera. Type specimens for P. aurifera (BMNH), P. has projections on the tegumen similar to those of
basifulva (USNM), and P. thoracia (BMNH) were Psoloptera anditsjuxtais slightlybutterflv-shaped.
examinedtoverifyspecies identifications.
Genera previously associated with Psoloptera were
examined to identify putative sister taxa. Male and
femalegenitaliawereexaminedforCalonotosphlegmon
(Cramer), Chnjsocale principalis (Walker), Metaloba
argante (Druce), Methysia notabilis (Walker), Orcynia
calcarata Walker, Saurita cassandra (L.), Scena styx
(Walker), and Spliccosoma aliena (Walker).
Terminology for abdominal and genital morphology
follows Klots (1970) and Forbes (1939b). Collections
BMNH,
consulted include the Natural Histoiy
Museum, London (M. Scoble), and NMNH, National
Museum of Natural Histoiy, Smithsonian Institution,
Washington, D.C. (D. Harvey).
Results and Discussion
Species composition. Psoloptera basifulva, P.
leucosticta, and P. thoracia are medium-sized black
moths with lateral white spots on the first abdominal
segment, which may mimic a wasp waist (Weller et al.
2000). Upon examination of Psoloptera species sensu
Hampson, I foundthatP basifulva,P. leucosticta, andP. Fig. 4. Calonotosaurifera (Herrich-Schaffer). malegenitalia.
thoracia can be distinguished from P aurifera by both 1 = juxta, U = uncus,V=valve.
genitalic and nongenitalic characters. Psoloptera
aurifera is colored metallic green and is largerthan die As in other Lepidoptera, the female genitalia of
other species of Psoloptera. Further, P. aurifera males Euchromiini tend to be more conserved than those of
have an enlarged juxta bearing large spines, bilobed the males. Psoloptera females have genitalia with two
valves, and a trilobed uncus (Fig. 4). These characters signa placed opposite each other on the corpus bursae
are not shared with the other members ofPsoloptera and an accessoiy bursa originating from the ductus
(see following species descriptions), but are diagnostic bursae (Figs. 8, 11, 14). These traits are shared with
for Calonotos males. Based on these observations, I othereuchromiines examinedhereincludingCalonotos
propose the followingchange: phlegmon, Chnjsocale principalis, Metaloba argante,
P. aurifera (Herrich-Schaffer), 1854 = Calonotos and Saurita cassandra. Based on tirese observations,
aurifera (Herrich-Schaffer), new combination Butler's (1876) placement ofPsoloptera in Euchromiini
Volume 60, Number3 151
is justified. Metaloba seems to be related to Calonotos, Ductusbursae(DB)short,membranous.Corpusbursae(CB)with
Chrysocale, and Macrocneme because ofthe presence two patches of spinose signa (S) located opposite one another.
ofa knob-shaped projection on the antevagellar plate,
which is not found in Psoloptera. The sister taxon of
Psoloptera is probably not Saurita, as proposed by
Forbes (1939a) or Calonotos (Buder 1876, Hampson
1898). Female Orcynia possess a ridged bursae, like
that of P. basijulva (Fig. 8), but the signa differ.
Althoughthe male andfemalegenitaliaarenotidentical
to diose ofPsoloptera, Orcynia seems to be the most
likely candidate for the sister taxon. This relationship
remains open to further exploration with other data,
such as molecularorlarval characters.
Taxonomy. Here, I redescribe Psoloptera and
provide illustrations ofthe habitus, wingvenation, and
male andfemale genitaliaofits three species.
Psoloptera Butler, 1876
Psoloptera Buder, 1876: 369.
Type: Euchromia thoracia Walker 1854: 243, by
original designation.
Diagnosis. This genus superficially resembles many Fig. 5. WingvenationofPsoloptera Butler. A. Forewing, B.
other euchromiine and ctenuchine genera (Figs. 1-3). Hindwing. A = analvein, CuA = cubitalvein, M = medialvein,
The male genitalia of Psoloptera, especially the R = radial vein, Rs = radial sector, Sc = subcosta, 1-5 = vein
number.
ornamented, V- or butterfly-shaped juxta is distinctive
widiin Ctenuchini and Euchromiini. The highly Appendixbursa(AB)fromductusbursae,irregularinshape,lacking
sclerotized, curved uncus is also unique toPsoloptera. ornamentation.Ductusseminalis(DS)fromappendixbursa.
Adulthabitus (Figs. 1-3).WingsentirelyMack,orwithscarletat Discussion. Species of Psoloptera are easily
t1h.2embams,e.nMa=l2e0)f;orfeewmianlgelfeonrgtehwi1n2g—l1e7ngmtmh 1(2a-v1e7ramgem=(1a4v.e5rmagme,=S1D4.=9 distinguished from each otherbyhabitus and male and
mm, SD = 1.5 mm,n = 11). Antennae black. Groundcolorofhead female genitalia. The larval host plants and stages are
andthoraxblackorred; abdomenblackwithpairedlateralspots on not known. Tymbal organs are present, indicating that
firstHaebaddomainndalthsoergamxe.ntA.ntennaebiserrateandciliateinmales:filiform ultrasound is utilized lor either defense or intraspecific
and ciliate in females; ocelli present with melanized outer ring. communication; they do not appear to be sexually
Proboscis longer than head. Epiphyses and tibial spurs short and dimorphic.
smooth.Tarsalclawssimple.
Wings. Forewingvenation (Fig.5A): Scsinuous,extending3/4
ofthecosta. R,andR,branched,arisingfromdiscalcell. R stalked Psoloptera basifulva Schaus. 1894
wabriaitssheinRgo5ffratrohimseidnicgeelclcl.eollsCemureAdt,ioaclaellnyldbtehCtauwnAe„RenwMi.dM}ejalnydarsiMes„pi.anrgMa,ftreador;mistiAnh,gefpcrreloelsm;entMth..e, Psoloptera basifulv(aFigSsc.ha1u,s6,, 71,898)4. Proc. Zool. Soc.
Hindwing venation (Fig. 5B): Sc + R, absent. Rs and M, connate. Lond. 1894: 225.
Discalcellcrossveinasymmetrical,V-shaped. M, fused. CuAjand Psoloptera thoracia Druce, 1884. Biol. Centr.-Am..
3
CuAA,bdstoamlkeend,.brIanncbhoitnhgcsleoxsees,tosweicnogndmarsgtienm.itAe, awintdhA,shporrets,enstt.ubby Het. 1: 46, preoccupied by Psoloptera thoracia Walker
apodemes. Structural modifications forwaspwaistabsent (Welleret (1854).
at. 2000). Malelackingandroconia. Diagnosis. Though P. basijulva resembles P.
curGveenditparloijaec.tiMoanlse(sTP()Fi(gFsi.gs6.,67,,99,,121)0,,o1n2e, o13n):eiTtheegrusmideenofbuenacruisn;g thoracia, P. basifulva hasorange-redpatches atthebase
uncus strongly sclerotized, hooked, setose. Valve (V) setose, ofthe fore- and hindwings (Fig. 1). These patches are
spindlelike or slightly bilobed. Juxta (J) enlarged, V- or butterfly- lackingin P. thoracia (Fig. 3). Psoloptera basifulva also
shaped. Aedagus with sclerotized vesicular region (SP) (Fig. 7), has an orange-red dioraxandhead: the headandthorax
cornuti(C)orboth(Fig. 10),dependingonthespecies.
Females(Figs.8, 11, 14):Papillaeanales(PA)laterallyflattened; are blackin P. leucosticta (Fig. 2).
membranesurroundingoviporefolded;posteriorapophyses(PP)long Description. Medium-sized,blackmodisthathaveredheadsand
andnarrow;anteriorapophyses(AP)longandnarroworreducedand thoraces(Fig. 1).
thickened;dorsalpheromoneglandsreduced.Seventhsternite(VII) Male. HeadRed;antennablack, biserrate; fronsandlabialpalpus
unmodified; antevagellarplate unmodified orbearingcrescent-like, black.
heavily sclerotized lip; ostium bursae symmetrical or assymetrical. Thorax. Patagium, meso-, metathoraxorange-red; fore, mid, and
152 Journalofthe Lepidopterists' Society
hindlegsblackwithwhitespotsoncoxaeandfemur;tarsiblack. (BMNH: 36, 19); MEXICO: Tabasco (BMNH: 16, 29): Teapa
Wings. Forewing. Length = 14-16mm (average = 15mm,SD = 1 (USNM: 19); PANAMA: Bugaba (BMNH: 26); Chiriqui (BMNH:
mm,n=3). Blackwithbasalscarletarea. Hindwing. Black,costalarea 16); NICARAGUA: No Data: Mobile 752 on a ship (USNM: 19);
slightlyhyaline,basalscarletareapresent. PERU: No Data (USNM: 19); VENEZUELA: Palma Sola
Abdomen. Blackwithwhitespotsonthefirstabdominalsegment. (BMNH: 16);NODATA:(USNM:26).
Genitalia (Figs. 6 & 7). Tegumen heavily sclerotized, bearing
spirelikeprojections (TP),oneoneachsideofuncus; uncuscurved,
Psoloptera leucosticta (Hiibner, 1827)
setose; saccussquare-shaped;valveunilobed,spatulate, setose;juxta
enlarged, butterfly-shaped; base of phallus rounded; vesica with (Figs. 2, 9, 10, 11)
sclerotizedarea. Glaucopis leucosticta Hiibner, 1827. Samml. Exot.
Female.Asinmale,exceptantennaefiliformandciliate;forewing
length = 12-17mm(average= 14.4mm,SD = 1.7,n = 7). Schmett. 1: t. 162.
Genitalia(Fig.8).Papillaeanales,posteriorapophysesunmodified; Psoloptera leucosticta (Hiibner) Hampson 1898. Cat.
anterior apophyses greatly reduced, nublike; S7 unmodified; Lep. Phal. 1: 285.
antevagellarplateU-shaped,highlysclerotized;asymmetrical;ductus
bursaesclerotizedtube;corpusbursaemembranous,slightlyridged, Diagnosis. Psoloptera leucosticta, unlike its
bearingtwo patches ofsignanearaccessorybursa; ductus seminalis congeners, does not have any red markings on its head
frommiddleofaccessorybursa. orthorax (Fig. 2).
Type material. Psoloptera basifulva Schaus. The holotype mWalme Description. Medium-sized,blacktopurplish-blackmoths (Fig.
(USNM)islabeled:Peru;520;not[?textunreadable];Collection 2).
SchPasuosl.opTtyeprealtohcoarliatcyi:aPDerruuce(F.igT.he1).holotypemale(BMNH)islabeled: blacMka;lvee.rtHexeaadn.dBflraocnks;wiatnhtewnhniatebslpaoctks,.biserrate and ciliate; palpus
Panama: Chiriqui;Godman-SalvinColl.Tvpelocality; Panama. Thorax. Patagium blackwithlateralwhitespot; mesothoraxblack;
(1C169aB),;yMS5upNS9ge)Haac;n:iN(m2ModUea*,SnDtsN2ae9Mt)o;:aeB(x(8RaB6Bm,IMMiTN6nN9IHe;HS:d:BH.1M19H9N)B),O;HRNT:CAuDZOi2UIsS6LR,T(:A2AU9SS);RA:NmIMHaCP:OzAuNo:n1nt6D)Gea;UusaGR:GpoAUirSVlAdie:TlaslEa(C(MBaUFAMmSrLaNbNnAHrMc:::ea tm1i.er1etWacimtonhmxgao,s.r.anxFob=rlaec8w)ki.;ngfB.olraeLc,ek,nmgiwdti,htha=n1td3wh-oi1n6wdhmiltemegs(sbaplvoaetcrskagawetit=bha1sw4eh..i4tHmeimsn,pdowtSisDngo.n=
valFvieg..F6i.g.Ps7o.loPpstoelroaptbearsaifublavsaifSuclhvaauSsc,hmaausl,eageendiatgaulisa,,lvaetnetrraallvviieeww..PJB=j=uxpthaa,llSic=bsaascec,usS,PT=Ps=clteergoutimzeendalplpatreo,ceVss,=Uves=icuan.cuFsi,g.V8=.
Psolopterabasifulva Schaus,femalegenitalia,ventralview.VII = seventhsternite,AB = accessorybursa,AP = anteriorapophysis,
AW = antevagellarplate,CB = coipusbursae, DB = ductusbursae, DS = ductus seminalis, O = ostium, PA = papillaeanales, PP
= posteriorapophysis, S = signa.
Volume 60, Number 3 153
Groundcolorblack;lightershadeofblackincostalarea. Psoloptera thoracica (Walker, 1854)
Abdomen. Black. Dorsal lateral white spots on first abdominal (Figs. 3, 12, 13, 14)
segment. Medialwhite,faintpatchonventeroffirstthreeabdominal
segments. Euchromia thoracica Walker, 1854. List Lep. Ins. Br.
Genitalia (Figs. 9 & 10). Tegumen heavily sclerotized, bearing Mus. 1: 243.
spirelikeprojections,oneoneachsideofuncus;uncuscurved,setose; Psoloptera thoracica Butler, 1876. Linn. Soc. Lond.
saccus rounded; valve terminating in blunt projection, setose; juxta J.
elongateandnarrow,V-shaped;phallusbluntatbase;vesicabearing Zool 12: 369.
singlepatchoflargecomutiapicallv. Diagnosis. Bright scarlet coloration is restricted to
lenFgtehma=le15.-A1s6imnmmal(ea,veerxacgeep=ta1n5.t5enmnmae,fSilDif=orm0.a7nmdmc,ilinate=;2f)o.rewing the head and thorax in P. thoracia (Fig. 3); in P.
Genitalia (Fig. 11). Papillae anales, posterior and anterior basifulva, the base of the fore and hind wings are
apophyses unmodified; SS unmodified; antevagellar plate orange-red, as well as the thorax and portions of the
caosyrmpmuestbruicrasla,ewmietmhboruatnoorunsa,mebnetaartiinognt;wdoupcattucshebsurosfaesigmnea;mbarcacnesosuosr;y head (Fig. 1). Psoloptera leucosticta lacks redcoloration
bursa membranous, from ductus bursae; ductus seminalis from altogether (Fig. 2).
accessorybursa. Description. Medium-sized, black moths with red heads and
Type material. The type of Glaucopis leucosticta Hiibner is thoraces(Fig.3).
apparendvlost.Tvpelocality:Venezuela.Thelectotypemale(USNM, Male. Head. Vertexblackwith pairofwhite spots; galae scarlet;
lheeurceostdiecstiagnHabtne.d)frisomlaBbeMl.ed:Col6l0ecmt.ionupWmMaSrcohanuis.RiTvhere,lPescotoltoyppteerias antTehnonraaxb.lacPka,tbaigsieurmrastcearalnedt;cimleiastoet;hpoarlapxusscbalralcekt.withscattered, long
designatedtoensurenomenclaturalstabilityinthisgenus. black scales; metathorax scarlet; fore, mid and hind legs blackwith
BRISpTeIcSiHmenGsUIAexNaAm:ineRdi.o PBoRtAaZroI.L:TuCmaatyuemnanrei ((UUSSNNMM:: 41d9));; whiWtiensgpso.tsFoornecwoixnage..Length = 12-17mm (average = 14.6mm, SD =
MEXICO: No Data (USNM: 2d, 1?). VENEZEULA: Maroni 1.3mm,n =9). Black. Hindwing. Costalregiongray,gradingtoblack
River(USNM: 16", 19).NODATA(USNM:2d',69). atCuAjandCuA,.
Abdomen. Pair ofwhite lateral spots present on first abdominal
segment; remainder ofabdomen black dorsally; medial white spot
FigF.ig1.0.9.PsPosloolpotpetrearaleluecuocsotsitcitcata(H(iHiibinbenre)r,),aemdaalgeusg,enliattaelriaal,vvieewn.trCal=viceowr.nuJti=,jPuxBta=.pThPall=ictebagsuem,eVna=lvpersoicceas.sF,iUg.=11u.ncPusso,loVpte=rvaallveeu.-
costicta (Hiibner),femalegenitalia,ventralview.VII = seventhsternite,AB = accessorybursa,AP = anteriorapophysis,A\~P=an-
tevagellarplate, CB = corpusbursae, DB = ductusbursae, DS = ductusseminalis, PA = papillaeanales, PP = posteriorapophysis,
S = signa.
154 Journalofthe Lepidofterists' Society
13.FiPgs.ol1o2p.tePrsaoltohpotrearcaiath(oWraalckiear()W,aalekdearg),usm,allaetegreanlitvaileiwa.,Cven=trcaolrnvuiteiw,.PJB=j=uxpthaa,llTiPcb=astee,guSmPen=aslclperroocteiszse,dUpla=teu,ncVus=,vVes=icvaa.lvFei.g.Fi1g4..
Psolopterathoracia (Walker),femalegenitalia,ventralview.VII = seventhsternite,AB = accessorybursa,AP= anteriorapophysis,
AVP = antevagellarplate, CB = corpus bursae, DB = ductusbursae, DS = ductus seminalis, PA = papillae anales. PP = posterior
apophysis, S = signa.
presentonventeroffirstthreeabdominalsegments;remainderblack Magdalena Valley (BMNH: 19); Ort.: Medina (USNM: 19); R.
ventrally. Cantinere Muzo(BMNH:39);RioNegro(BMNH: Id);Villaricua
Genitalia (Figs. 12 & 13). Tegumen rounded with elongate (USNM: 19).COSTARICA:Guanacaste: SantaRosaNationalPark
spindlelikeprojectiononeithersideofuncus;uncusstronglyhooked, (BMNH: Id, 19); Turrialba (USNM: 2d. 19). ECUADOR: Napo
setose; saccus rounded; valve apically narrowed, ending in rounded Prow:YasuniResearch Station, RiosTivacuno&Tiputini, 76°36'W,
projections, setose; juxta with butterfly-shaped structure, strongly 0° 38' S, 250 m (USNM: 29); Sarayacu (BMNH: Id, 19).
sclerotized;vesicawithsclerotizedplateandmedialpatcholmedium- GUATEMALA: No Data (BMNH: 19); PANAMA: Alhajuelo
sizedcornuti. (USNM: 19); Barro Colorado Island (USNM: 59); Canal Zone
Female.Asinmale,exceptantennaefiliformandciliate;forewing (USNM: Id):Corozal(USNM:2d);Canno Saddle(USNM:29); La
length= 16mm (average= 16mm,SD =0,n =2). Chorrera (BMNH: 29); Matachin (BMNH: 1?); PortoBello
Genitalia (Fig. 14). Papillae anales, posterior and anterior (USNM: Id, 29); No Data (BMNH: Id; USNM: Id). PERU:
apophysesunmodified;sternite7unmodified;antevagellarplatewith Amazones: Cavallo-Cocho (BMNH: 29); Pebas: Loreto (BMNH:
heavily sclerotized lip, symmetrical; ductus bursae membranous; 19);RioUdayali:Contamama(BMNH: 19);Tarapoto(BMNH: Id);
coipusbursaemembranous, bearingtwopatchesofsigna;accessory No Data (BMNH: Id). VENEZUELA: Aroa (USNM: 6d, 59); La
bursalarge,irregularinshape, fromductusbursae;ductusseminalis Cruees Colon. (BMNH: 29); Las Quigas: San EsebanValley(8d;
frombaseofaccessorybursa. 39); Las Quigas nr. San Esteban (BMNH: 3d, 29); Palma Sol
Typematerial.TheholotypemaleofEuchromiathoraciaWalker (BMNH: Id); San Esteban (BMNH: lid, 39); Valencia (BMNH:
(BMNH) is labeled: Ega, Bates, 51-43. Type locality: Amazones id); Valera (USNM: Id); No Data (BMNH: 2d, 19). NO DATA:
[Brazil]. (BMNH: Id;USNM: Id, 19).
Specimens examined. BRAZIL: Amazones: Fonte Boa
(BMNH:5d,39),Pegas(BMNH: Id), RioUcayla(BMNH:2c!), S.de Acknowledgements
Villa Franca (BMNH: 12c!), S. Paulo (BMNH: 19); Cundinmarca:
A2C(US9laaBS)ln;oiMNaaLNMnnPocH:caawh:uee1lb9rIo)e(d.l)AB;CodmMweOSaN.LzHSAP.Oo:maMnuaAIBlnzda'otIo)n;onAddnEe:iegRsoa.OC:la((Mi(qUBavuBSdMeeMNeNntNiMcaHrHa:::a:(R2(i(BI45oodB,M*))M;ON;1rNH9HtS)H:ue;a:gmn4uTaceIa!dyf,zJ)faut;5ea9anR;nr(i:.(UoBRBSMSiMMNooNaNlMdHPhH:ee:n:rno4ieec56any!cc)?!:sa;,; WcaalseliocdllhtRlmHoieisoavaSpnirimscsvtoiaaeMbolniylnildetal(yrea(UyrsdSBswuaNoMroncMiNrdi)nkaHg,St)ieusmdMsifuracmo.nsurpreoMWaasauectscrolmiretlbssievl.sinresaIiaHwtnwnsoid.odtnuhIleMloowysaudo.nt(sulMciBlokoidMefocphNstleeopiHrklete)alchteitaiamonDoenknatndChsDfDao,rrrns.oa.ktsmDaMDwocarefonlslol-.-l-r
(USNd: lc!, 19); Chiriguana District: Lake Sapatoza Region helpful discussion andsuggestions duringtheformation ofdiis
(BMNH: Id); Llanos of Rio Meta: S. Martin (BMNH: Id); manuscript. Ms. DaCosta also provided editorial aid. Funding
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