A revision of Bootania Dalla Torre and recognition of Macrodasyceras Kamijo (Hymenoptera: Torymidae)

33 Pages·2002·16.6 MB·English

by  E E Grissell

HYM. RES.
J.
Vol. 11(2), 2002, pp. 279-311
A
Revision of Bootania Dalla Torre and Recognition of
Macrodasyceras Kamijo (Hymenoptera: Torymidae)
E. E. Grissell and C. A. Desjardins
(EEG) USDA, Agricultural Research Service, PSI, Systematic Entomology Laboratory,
c/o National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC 20560-0168, USA, email:
[email protected]; (CD) Department of Entomology, University of Maryland,
College Park, Maryland, 20742-0001, USA, email: [email protected]
—
Abstract. The genus Bootania Dalla Torre is revised and the genus Macrodasyceras Kamijo is
removed from synonymy with it and returned to generic rank (revised status). Species included
in Bootania are: gigantca (Girault), leiicospoides (Walker), maxima (Strand), neocalcdonica (Milliron),
pilicornis (Cameron), ruficcps (Cameron), sokvnoncusis (Milliron), and titamis (Girault). Species re-
moved from Bootania to the genus Macrodasifccras are liirsiituiii Kamijo and japoniciis (Ashmead)
(both revised combinations). In this paper, redescriptions are given for the 8 known species of
Bootania, and 4 new species are described: orba Desjardins and Grissell, moorea Desjardins and
Grissell,/<7sc/(7 Grissell and Desjardins, and xestos Grissell and Desjardins. A lectotype is des-
ignated for 6. gigantca. The holotype of B. ncocalcdo)iica is reported missing. An illustrated key is
given for all species. Seven of the 12 known species have been reared from seeds ofPandanus and
1 was collected on Pandainis. Although hosts are unknown for the other 4 species it is likely that
they are associated with the same host plant. Species of Bootania are Australasian, ranging from
Bhutan, Burma, and Sri Lanka in the northwest, eastward to Republic of China and southward
through Borneo/Sarawak, the Solomons, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Fiji, Moorea, and
northeastern Australia.
Species of Bootnuia Dalla Torre are gi- New Caledonia, Fiji, Moorea, and north-
ants among the Chalcidoidea, ranging up eastern Australia.
to 4.5 cm in length including the greatly In this paper we redescribe all valid
exserted ovipositor (Fig. A). Since its rec- species of Bootania, describe 4 new ones (3
ognition in 1862 (as MciaiuorpJin Walker), reared from Pamianus), provide an illus-
eight species of Bootnnin have been de- trated key for their identification, and
scribed, four of which are phytophagous summarize all known host and distribu-
in seeds of Pniulninis S. Parkinson (Pan- tion data. Two additional species trans-
danaceae) and four of which have no ferred to Bootania by Boucek (1988) are re-
known host. Currently recognized species instated to their original genus, Macroda-
include: gigiiiitcn (Girault), leiicospoides syceras Kamijo, as explained below.
(Walker), niaxium (Strand), iieociileiionicn Seven of the 12 known species of Boo-
(Milliron), pilicornis (Cameron), riificeps tania have been reared from Pandaims, and
(Cameron), solonionensis (Milliron), and ti- it is likely that these wasps are restricted
tniiiis (Girault) (Grissell 1999). These spe- to seeds of this host plant. Pandaiius has
cies are Australasian in distribution, rang- well over 700 described species that are
ing from Bhutan, Burma, and Sri Lanka in widespread from "Africa to Asia and var-
the northwest, eastward to Republic of ious archipelagos in the Pacific" (Stone et
China and southward through Borneo/Sa- al. 1998). Several species of Pandanus, in-
rawak, the Solomons, Papua New Guinea, cluding the Tahitian screwpine {Pandanus
—
280 Journal oi H^MENOPTERA Research
Fitr. A. Bootnnid iiinximn, female, habitus.
QM—
tccforiiis Parkinson ex Zucc), have been ural History, London; Queensland
—
introduced into Hawaii and Puerto Rico Museum, Brisbane; UQ Unixersity of
(USDA, NRCS 1999), and evidence sug- Queensland, Brisbane; USNM—National
gests that Bootauin orba (see below) has Museum of Natural History, Washington,
—
been transported as well (specimens from DC; ZMB Zoologisches Museum, Berlin.
"Malaysia" found at a San Francisco port We use the abbrex iations Fl, F2, etc. for
of entry in 1970). Whether or not any Boo- funicle segment 1, 2, etc. In the descrip-
Uiuia species have been transported and tions, "body" refers to the mesosoma -t-
established in other areas is unknown, but metasoma and excludes the head.
it is likely that Pandauus has been moved
around xarious Pacific islands for centu- Bootauin Dalla Torre
ries. Thev are of great economic impor-
Mctivuorpha Walker 1862:346. Tvpe species: Mc-
tance to inhabitants of the region, provid-
tniiiorphn Iciico^poiiics Walker (monotypic).
ing edible lea\'es, fruits, seeds, spices, and Bootauin Dalla Torre 1897:86. Replacement
fiber for baskets, roofing materials, and name forMctnworplin Walkerpreoccupiedby
\'arious domestic articles (California Rare Mctivnorplin Hiibner 1819:43 (Lepicioptera:
Fruit Growers 1989, Stone et al. 1998). Nx'mphalidae).
Because there are so many species of Spitoiiicga^tigiiiiis Cameron 1905:73-74. Type
PiDhiiiims, because they are so widespread, species: Spilonicgiistigiiiiis yiificcps Cameron
and because each of the 12 known Bootauin (monotypic).
species conies froni a widely dixergent Eutmn/coriiiiisCameron 1909:209-210. Typespe-
geographic area within the Australasian cies: Eiitain/conmis piliconiisCameron (mono-
typic).
realm, it is likelv that niany species of Boo- Piilvilli;;^cra Strand 1911:39. Tvpe species: Piilvil-
tnniii remain to be discoxered. This paper
li<;cm ninxinin Strand (original designation).
serves as a preliminary step in under-
standing the morphology, taxonomy, and Of the aboxe generic names, Dalla Torre
host range of this group of wasps. No bi- (1897) prox'ided a replacement name for
ological details are known for these large, Mctnuiorplia of Hi.ibner (1819), Boucek
widespread seed-feeders, except for indi- (1988:127) svnonvmized Spiloiiicgastignuis
vidual host records. and Eiifnin/coi'Dius, and Riek (in Kamijo
The following abbrexiations are used 1962:36) svnonymized Pulvilligcra. We
for institutions cited in the text: ANIC hax'e studied the type species of each of
Australian National Insect Collection, these generic names, and agree with their
Canberra; BMNH—The Museum of Nat- svnonvmx'.
Volume 11, Number 2, 2002 281
Boucek (1988) synonymized Miicwdasi/- and funicle of male with "sparse, out-
ccriis Kamijo (1962) [type species: Mcga- standing hairs which are as long as the fu-
stis^nius inpoiiiciis Ashmead, USNM, ex- nicle segment." We have compared these
amined] with Bootnnia, but the reasons for characters and others for Macrodasyceras,
doing so were not clear, and in any case Megastignuis, and Bootania, and conclude
we do not agree with this placement. In that two of the synapomorphies given by
proposing the synonymy, Boucek first Kamijo supports recognition of Macroda-
stated that "Kamijo [1962] used the length syceras: the relatively short postmarginal
of the postmarginal vein (longerthanmar- vein (shorter than marginal), and the pet-
ginal) for separation of Mncrodnsyccras iolate metasoma. These characters are not
from Mcgasiignius (at most as long as mar- yet known in Megastiginns or Bootania. Ad-
ginal)." This is actually the reverse of ditionally, Macrodasyceras are tiny wasps
what Kamijo said for Macrodasyceras (less than 0.5 cm) reared from seeds ofIlex
("Marginal vein distinctly longer than (Acjuifoliaceae), whereas Bootania are huge
postmarginal") and Megastignitis ("Mar- wasps by comparison (2 cm and over)
ginal vein as long as or shorter than post- reared from seeds of Pandanus. Because of
marginal"). Additionally Boucek stated the niorphological and biological differ-
that ". in Australian species oiMegastig- ences, we remove Macrodasyceras from
. .
imis the postmarginal vein is also much synonymy with Bootania, and return it to
longer than the marginal," thus agreeing its original generic position {revisedstatus).
in principal with Kamijo's characterization The only included species are hirsutum
of Mcgiistiginus. Boucek's argument, in Kamijo and japonicus (Ashmead) (revised
fact, gives no reason to synonymize Mn- combinations), both of which are known
crodnsyceras with Bootnnia, but rather to from Japan (Ashmead 1904, Kamijo 1962,
separate Macrodasyceras from Mcgastigiuiis. 1981 [key]).
Boucek (1988) also stated that Macroda- The recognition of Bootania is actually
syceras and Megastignius "... differ greatly more difficult to justify than that of Ma-
in the male antennae." It is possible that crodasyceras. At first glance, species of Boo-
the name Megastignius was a mistake for tania appear distinct based (in part) upon
Bootania, and that the point Boucek (1988) their gigantic size, their exceptionally long
was making was that males of Bootania + postmarginal vein, the well-developed,
Macrodasyceras both have whorled setae heavily pigmented basal vein (Figs. 45,
on funicle segments 1-7, and thus the lat- 46), and the male antenna with elongate
ter should be synonymized with the for- funiculars froni which arise erect or semi-
mer. Boucek (1988) gave no other reasons erect setae longer than the width of the
for the synonymy. funicle (Fig. 386). Unfortunately all but
The recognition of Macrodasyceras, Me- the last of these morphological characters
gastigmus, and Bootania poses a difficult may also be found in Megastignuis, espe-
question of generic limits. Kamijo (1962), cially large species such as M. albifrons
in his key to Japanese genera of Megastig- (Walker).
minae, differentiated his new genus Ma- In Boucek's (1988) key to Australian
crodasyceras from Megastignuis with the genera of Torymidae, he used the follow-
following diagnostic characters: "marginal ing diagnostic characters to separate Boo-
vein distinctly longer than postmarginal," tania from Megastignuis: scape "slightly to
"antennae inserted much above middle of considerably exceeding the vertex level,"
face," with "scape extending beyond level pronotum of female "dorsally long and
of medial ocellus," "gaster of female with flat," and male funicle "with longhairsar-
petiole more or less distinct," "first to ranged more or less in 2 whorls on each
fourth tergites deeply incised at apex," segment." Because of integradation, the
282 Journal of Hymenoptera Research
use of the scape either in relation to its and this may be diagnostic as well,
placement on the face, its length relative though, again, this character needs to be
to the eye, or its length relative to the ver- compared to all 126 known species of Mc-
tex has proven of no diagnostic value ^astigiiiiis. The male antenna is currently
when comparing Bootniiin to Megastlgiuus. the only synapomorphy that clearly de-
The longer-than-wide, parallel-sided fines Bootaiiia. Additionally, the unique
pronotum appears to be diagnostic for plant host family (Pandanaceae) implies
Bootniiin (in Mc^nstigiiius it is generally some degree of isolation from other spe-
wider than long, but in some species it is cies of Megnsti^iiiiis (Grissell 1999). It is
longer than wide), but we have not ex- possible that Bootniiin will be found at
amined all known Mc^nstigiiiiis to confirm most to be a species group ofMegnsti^iiiiis,
this. We have found in Bootniiin that the but we retain the generic name until such
metabasitarsis is exceptionally long (gen- time as the entire subfamily can be re-
erally equaling tarsomeres 2-5 combined), vised.
KEY TO SPECIES OF BOOTANIA DALLA TORRE
[This key is based largely on characters found in tlie females; males are unknown for 5 species as indicated
below. The female ofpiliconiis, however, is essentially unknown so emphasis must be placed on the niale of
that species in comparison to others, hi all species, ciimorphism is expresseci in males by the forewingbeing
relatively more setose than in females and generally haxing the stigma wider and shorter (cf. Figs. 13, 15-
179cJ).]'^
1. Spiracle (Fig. 31) unique, set deeply within chamber encircled by lamelliforni translucent
rim (outwardly, rim appears to be enlarged spiracle); scrobal depression (Fig. 25) wider
thanparascrobal area;body mostlyblack, with few markings,dorsoventrallycompressed,
and almost entirely smooth {6 unknown)
12. xestos Grissell and Desjardins, new species
Spiracle (Fig. 33) normal, set at surface of propodeum; scrobal depression (Figs. 23, 24,
26, 27) narrower than parascrobal area; body entirely yellow to orange brown, if ap-
proaching dark brown to black then body patterned (Figs. 4, 5, 6), laterally compressed,
and at least scutum transversely carinate 2
2. Propc^deum (Fig. 32) with subcircvilar median area defined by semicircular submedian
carinae curving to nucha; encircled area acarinate, either polished or reticulate 3
Propodeum (Figs. 33-37) without sub-circular median area, submedian carinae eitherab-
sent, not reaching nucha (Fig. 34) or projecting straight to nucha (Fig. 37); medially irreg-
ularly carinate (except iiioorca, Fig. 34) 4
3. Nucha a distinct, parallel sided band (as in Fig. 36); propodeum medially reticulate;basal
cell asetose (Fig. 45); stigma evenly surrounded by narrow brown stain, cubital and me-
dial setal lines stained brown (Fig. 45) {6 unknown) 11. titamis Girault
Nucha indistinct (Fig. 32); propodeum medially smooth; basal cell setose medially (Fig.
46); stigma with posteriorly elongated stain (Figs. 22, 46), remainder of wing hyaline {6
unknown) 9. riificeps Walker
4. Interantennal area a raised lamelliform carina ending less than halfwav to mid ocellus
(Fig. 27) ". ; 5
Interantennal area a raised lamelliform carina reaching almost to mid ocellus (Fig. 26),
though it may be less developed in mid- to upper half (Fig. 28) 8
5. Tarsal clawsbifurcate (Fig. 44); ventral margin of stigma concave (Fig. 14); female: stigmal
vein shorter than stigmal width (Fig. 149) 3. leucospoides Walker
Tarsal claws simple (Fig. 43); ventral margin of stigma convex (Figs. 15-21); female: stig-
mal vein as long as or longer than stigmal width (Figs. 15-17, 19-229) 6
6. Head in dorsal view (Fig. 23) with facial setae longer than greatest midocellus diameter
and reaching (or nearly) inner eye margin (i.e., upper face without wide, bare area be-
Volume 11, Number 2, 2002 283
tween setae and inner eye margin); stigmal area entirely setose (Fig. 159)
10. solomoncnsis Milliron
Head in dorsal view (Fig. 24) with facial setae shorter than greatest midocellus diameter
and obviously not reaching imier eye margin (i.e., upper face with wide, bare area be-
tween setae and inner eye margin); stigmal area partially (Fig. 20) to completely (Fig. 17)
bare 7
7. Median carina of propodeum (Fig. 37) bifurcating to form submedian carinae that reach
straight to nucha; no transverse carinae medially; stigmal bare in anterior half (Fig. 20)
(S unknown) 5. moorca Desjardins and Grissell, new species
Median carina of propodeum (Fig. 34) bifurcating and diverging widely toward postspi-
racular sulcus, not reaching nucha; several transverse median carinae present; stigmal
area completely bare (Fig. 17) 6. neocaledonica Milliron
8. Head (Fig. 28) withcarinaeextending from lower faceatmost to toruli;scrobaldepression
without lateral carinae (Fig. 28) 2. gigatitea (Girault)
Head (Fig. 26) with carinae extending from lower face nearly to venter of lateral ocelli;
scrobal depression with well-developed lateral carinae that extend to midocellus (Figs.
26, 29, 36) 9
9. Parapsidal line present (Fig. 9, 10); pronotum with transverse carinae nearly as well-
developed as on mid lobe of scutum (Fig. 3); nucha a broad, distinctband anteriorly well
defined (Figs. 35) ' 10
Parapsidal line absent; pronotum with transverse carinae obscure, less well-developed
than on mid lobe of scutum; nucha poorly defined, essentially absent (Fig. 33) 11
10. Propodeum with median carina (Fig. 36); tiorsum of head posteriorly with continuous
dark band (Fig. 1); uncus at least 3x as long as wide (Fig. 199) (S unknown)
1. fascia Grissell and Desjardins, new species
Propodeum without median carina (Fig. 35); dorsum of head posteriorly with 3 distinct
ciark spots (Fig. 2); uncus about as long as wide (Fig. 16) 4. maxima Strand
11. Female and male: frenal line distinct, scutellum anteriorly with effaced longitudinal ca-
rinae, apical lamella distinctly pitted (Fig. 11); pronotum evenly faintly transversely car-
inate; male stigma about as wide as high, surrounded by brown stain (Fig. 13(5)
7. orba Desjardins and Grissell, new species
Male (female states unknown, presumed same as male): frenal line absent, scutellum
entirely polished, apical lamella faintly pitted (Fig. 12); pronotum smooth with few faint
apical carinae; stigma as high as wide with no surrounding brown stain (Fig. 18(5) ....
8. pilicornis Walker
1. Bootania fascia Grissell and ciian longitudinal stripe; lateral lobe of
Desjardins, new species mesoscutum with median longitudinal
Figs. 1, 10, 19, 29, 36 stripe; notaulus; scutellum with median
Fremal1e h1olIotIyve.—DBodJy 1lengtuh (/exc1ludJ- lone^itudinal stripe extending from apical
ing ovipositor) 11 mm; ovipositor length "^^^^-8^" ^" ^''''^''^\^^"^ ^"^^, narrowl,y to pos-
about 25 mm. Color. Yellowish orange ^erior of frenal area; lateral panel of axilla
with brown markings as follows (Fig. 1): posteriorly; femoral depression and trans-
narrow median stripe from clypeus to in- epimeral sulcus; propodeum medially ex-
terantennal area; transverse band through cept for submedian yellow spots; base of
ocelli to eye, transverse band across dor- metasomal tergum 2 medially and later-
sum of head posterior to lateral ocelli, me- ally, 3-5 mostly brown with yellow center
dially reaching occipital carina; pronotum (other terga not xisible). Heml: Wider than
with median and lateral longitudinal high (8:7); in dorsal view with facial setae
stripes; midlobe of mesoscutum with me- longer than greatest midocellus diameter
284 Journalof Hymenoptera Research
1. fascia 9 2. maxima 9 3. maxima 9 4. pilicornis 6
(m c®
(M) o«o
'
ft
III flD
5. titanus 9 6. leucospidoides 9 7. ODba 9 8. oriba c?
11. orba
10. /asc/a 12. pilicornis
Figs. 1-12. Bootaiiia spp. 1-8, Color pattern, except 3, sculpture pattern (all dorsal view, diagrammatic). ^^-
10, Lateral lobe of scutum, A = lateral view (arrow points to parapsidal line), B = dorsal view. 11-12,
Scutellum (dorsal view).
:
Volume 11, Number 1, 2002 285
and reaching (or nearly) inner eye margin with strong transverse carinae (similar to
(i.e., upper face without wide, bare area pronotum); notaulus deeply grooved,
between setae and inner eye margin) (as meeting transscutal articulation at point
in Fig. 23); upper face bulging slightly; outside (laterad) scutoscutellar suture, no-
face with carinae extending froiTi lower taulus with transverse carinae delimiting
niargin (excluding clypeus) to venter of shallow pits; side lobes with parapsidal
lateral ocelli; genal and postgenal areas line present, finely granulose, not extend-
smooth, scrobal depression faintly striate ing almost to apical margin (Fig. 10; sep-
except obviously carinate below median arated from apex by length at least longer
ocellus; scrcobal depression narrower than than own narrowest width), interrupting
upper face (i.e., distance from lateral mar- transverse carinae; apical margin of scu-
gin of depression to eye); scrobal depres- tellum essentially contiguous with trans-
sion laterally with nearly parallel carinae scutal articulation except a single median
that converge on midocellus ventrally and pit present; axillae with diagonally curv-
laterally (Fig. 29); midocellus notdistinctly ing carinae; scutellum dc^rsally flat, weak-
in scrobal depression); malar sulcus com- ly transversely carinate anteriorly; frenal
plete and obvious; intermalar distance line absent but frenal area indicated by
about 3.0X malar distance; toruli slightly colored line and weak, longitudinal cari-
higher than wide, about 1.5X own diam- nae; ratio scutellum length frenum length
:
eter above ventral eye margin, separated about 2.5:1; scutellum posteriorly with
froni each other by Vi shortest torulus di- grooved, pitted lamella; propodeum (Fig.
ameter; interantennal area with raised la- 36) with complete median carina; subme-
melliform carina extending within ocellus dian carina arise from median carina,
diameter of venter of midocellus; scape forming acute angle about Vs distance
about 0.8X eye height, laterally com- from metanotum, posteriorlyjoining inner
pressed; ratio of scape pedicel anellus margin of spiracular sulcus, area anterior
: :
F1:F2 as 22:5:1:12:13; anellus wider than to carina alveolate (resultant area is yel-
long; Fl-2 as wide as pedicel, Fl about 43 low anci may appear as rounded yellow
as long as wide, each segment becoming circle); area posterior to carina partially al-
shorter to F7 2X as long as wide, covered veolate and partially nearly flat; spiracle
with appressed, dense, bristles, none lon- about 0.5X own greatest length from api-
ger than width of segment; clava about cal edge of prc^podeum, about 2x own
0.9x length of V6+7; ratio of ocellocular: length from metapleuron, about 0.25x
postocellar mid-to-lateral ocellus dis- median length of propodeum; postspira-
:
tance lateral ocellus diameter about 16:14: cular sulcus deep and traversed by 4 or 5
:
5:12; frontovertex and transverse area be- strong carinae forming deep pits, inner
hind ocelli slightly swollen (more pro- (upper) edge carinate, forming a distinct
nounced posterolaterally); lateral ocelli ledge in lateral view; callus convex with
slightly elevated medially, sitting in de- long whitish setae set in irregular alveo-
pression between frontovertex and trans- late depressions; nucha a parallel-sided
verse area, posteriorly margined by cari- curv^ed strip, with fine, parallel striae;
na; wide furrow extending from lateral mesepisternum smooth; femoral depres-
ocellus to eye outlined anteriorly by swol- sion deep, well defined, with longitudinal
len frontovertex and posteriorly by pos- carinae; transepimeral sulcus strongly de-
terolateral swellings (Fig. 29). Mesosonin: fined from middle of epimoron to venter,
Pronotum with strong, transverse carinae, entire epimeron longitudinally carinate;
laterally smooth, about as long as wide, in metapleuron with longitudinal carinae
lateral view slightly longer than high; about as well dexeloped as epimeron, pos-
mid- and lateral k^bes of mesoscutum terior margin (abutting propodeum) de-
:
286 Journal of Hymenoptera Research
pressed in lower half with several longi- circular stigma. It differs in the following
tudinal carinae creating deep pits; meta- respects: the propodeum has a median ca-
tibial spurs (see Variation below); dorsal rina (Fig. 36) (absent in luaxiiua, Fig. 35);
length (shortest) of metabasitarsus about the sculpturing of the parapsidal line in
0.8X length of tarsomeres 2-5; all tarsal dorsal view does not reach as far forward
claws simple (as in Fig. 43); forewing ratio towards the anterior margin of the side-
of submarginal vein:basal vein:marginal lobe (Fig. lOB) (in lua.xiiua the parapsidal
vein postmarginal vein about 16:3:5:11; line nearly touches the anterior margin.
:
costal cell dorsally without setae on apical Fig. 9B); the dorsum of the head has a con-
anterior edge, ventrally densely setose in tinuous band of black (or dark brown) ex-
apical Vi, basal cell and cubital vein ase- tending across its posterior margin (Fig. 1)
tose; petiolate segnient of stigmal vein (in luaxiina there are 3 distinct spots. Fig.
subecjual to stigmal height, stigma height 2); the lateral ocelli are slightly raised and
1.2x width (Fig. 19), ventral margin con- are set in a depressed area formed by the
vex, uncus 3-5X as long as wide. Mctaso- swollen frontovertex and posterior dor-
iiiiV. Laterally compressed; ratio of meso- sum of head, they are outlined posteriorly
soma:nietasoma:hypopygium about 11 by a distinct carina, and the furrow to the
12:15. eye is wide and flat (Fig. 29) (in nia.xiiua
—
Male. Unknown. the lateral ocelli are not raised above the
—
Types. Holotype 9 with following surface but are set in a nearly flat plane
data: Jesselton, North Borneo [= Kota Kin- that reaches to the occipital carina [raised
abalu, Sabah, Malaysia], K. L. Leong, 18 swellings are present posterolaterad but
May 1959, "on pandan" (deposited in not medially], there is no posterior carina,
BMNH); 2 9 paratypes, same data as ho- and the furrow to the eye is narrow. Fig.
lotype (BMNH, USNM). 30); the lateral carinae of the scrobal de-
—
Variaiion. The three females are essen- pression reach only the base or sides ofthe
tially identical. The holotype has the right midocellus (Fig. 29) (in lua.xiiiia the lateral
leg missing beyond the femur and the carinae reach the dorsum of the midocel-
right shorter metatibial spur is missing. lus. Fig. 30); and the uncus is 3 or more
On the other specimens this spur is about times as long as wide (Fig. 19) (in maxima
0.5X the longe—r spur. the uncus is scarcely longer than wide.
Etyiiiology. Froni the Latin "fascia" Fig. 169).
meaning stripe or band in reference to the
stripe on the posterior of the head. 2. Bootania gigtmtca (Girault)
—
Distribution. Known only from Malay- Figs. 28, 40, 43
sia (Sab—ah). Piilvilli^cnii^igiiiitcn Girault 1928:3. Lectotvpe 9,
Host. The type specimens were collect- herein designated to ensure nonienclatural
ed on "panda—n" (presumably Painlainis). stability, Townsville, N. Q[ueensland] [G. F.
Discussion. This species appears nearly Hill] [Australia] (QM, examined; missing
identical to B. uia.xiiiia. It shares the facial head, left forewing;double-mounted onmin-
carinae reaching or nearly reaching the utin and marked with E. E. Grissell identifi-
lateral ocellus, the swollen frontovertex, cation label); 1 6 syntype, same data as 9
the median ocellus set within (or nearly) (lost acctirding to Dahms 1984).
Bootania <;i\;a}itca (Girault): Transferred bv Riek
the scrobal depression, the lateral ocelli set
1970:920.
in slightly depressed areas which extend
to the eye, the presence of distinct parap- Female (lectotype and specimens from
—
sidal lines, the strong transverse carinae Round Hill Head, see below). Body
on the dorsum of the pronotum and me- length (excluding ovipositor) about 12 to
soscutum, and the relatively small, nearly 15 mm; ovipositor length about 20 to 25
287
Volume 11, Number 2, 2002
13. orba 14. leucospoides
15. solomonensis 16. maxima
17. neocaledonica
288 lOUKNAL OF HyMENOPTERA RESEARCH
are: funicle + clava, submarginal and stig- lus with transverse carinae delimiting
mal veins, ovipcisitor sheath. Hciui: Barely shallow pits; parapsidal line barely dis-
wider than high; upper face swollen (Fig. cernible as depression, transverse carinae
28); in dorsal view with facial setaeshorter somewhat distorted in depression, but not
than greatest midocellus diameter and ob- interrupted by granulose sculpture; apical
viously not reaching inner eye margin margin of scutellum widely contiguous
(i.e., upper face with wide, bare area be- with transscutal articulation; scutellum
tween setae and inner eye niargin) (as in smooth, flat; frenal line absent; scutellum
Fig. 24); face with carinae radiating from posteriorly with narrow lamella with nar-
lower margin (excluding clypeus) to ven- row, smooth groove; propodeum apically
ter of toruli; genal area, postgenal area, with niedian carina that diverges widely
and upper face smooth to finely reticulate; posteriorly and reaches postspiracularsul-
scrobal depression narrower than upper cus (as in Fig. 34), medially with several
face (i.e., distance from lateral margin of parallel transverse carinae; spiracle about
ciepression to eye) (Fig. 28); scrobe in ven- Vi own greatest length from apical edge of
tral half obscurely laterally carinate, cari- propodeum, about 1.5X own length from
nae absent medially, several obscure cari- metapleuron, about V-i median length of
nae converge on miciocellus ventrally and propodeum; postspiracular sulcus deep
dorsally (Fig. 28; it is not clear if midocel- and traversed by 1 or 2 strong carinae
lus is in scrobal depression or not); malar forming deep pits; metanotum posterolat-
sulcus present; intermalar distance about erally lamellate, with longitudinal groove
2.0X malar distance; toruli as high as crossed by vertical carinae, deep pit lat-
wide, venter about own diameter above erad of dorsellum; dorsellum convex,
ventral eye margin, separated from each smooth, not projecting; callus with few,
other by about Vi torulus diameter, inter- long, whitish setae; nucha a narrow band,
antennal area a rounded lamelliform ca- indicated laterally, indistinct medially;
rina that continues as distinct but barely mesepisternum smooth to weakly reticu-
raised carina to venter of midocellus; late, femoral depression shallow weakly
scape about 0.9X eye height, laterally sculptured, transepinieral sulcus a weakly
conipressed; ratio of scape pedicel anel- developed pit, posterior half of mesepi-
: :
lus:Fl:F2 about 4:1:0.2:1.5:1.5 (Fig. 40); meron with weak longitudinal carinae;
anellus wider than long; Fl-2 scarcely metapleuron with well developed longi-
wider than pedicel, Fl-5 each about 2X as tudinal carinae about as developed as on
long as wide, F6-7 each about 1.5X as lateral margins of propodeum; dorsal
long as wide, covered with appressed, length (shortest) of metabasitarsus about
dense bristles, each shorter than width of Vi length of tarsomeres 2-5; inner metati-
segment; clava shorter in length than bial spur slightly curved, about 3x as long
¥6+7; ratio of ocellocular : postocellar : as outer; tarsal claws simple (Fig. 43); fore-
mid-to-lateral ocellus distance lateral wing ratio of subniarginal vein:basal
:
ocellus diameter about 1.5:1:0.5:0.8. Meso- vein, marginal vein postmarginal vein as
:
sonin: Pronotum dorsally with transverse about 7:1.5:2:4; costal cell without setae
carinae, laterally smooth, in dorsal view dorsally, ventrally with several rows ofse-
slightly wider than long, in lateral view, tae at distal K^, basal cell and cubital vein
slightly longer than high; mid- and lateral asetose; petiolate part of stigmal vein
lobes of mesoscutum with transverse ca- nearly 1.5X stigmal height, stigma height
rinae (much closer together than on pro- about 0.6X width, ventral margin convex,
notum); notaulus deeply grooved, meet- uncus longer than wide. Metasonia: Later-
ing transscutal articulation at point out- ally compressed; ratio of mesosoma me-
:
side (laterad) scutoscutellar suture, notau- tasoma hypopygium about 1:1:1.
: