A revised check list of British spiders

14 Pages·2000·0.99 MB·English

by  Merrett, P

Bull.Br.arachnol.Soc.(2000)11(9),345–358 345
A revised check list of British spiders Introduction
Fifteen years have passed since the last complete
Peter Merrett
check list of British spiders was published by Merrett,
6Hillcrest,
Locket&Millidge(1985),althoughalistoflateramend-
DurlstonRoad,
mentswaspublishedbyMerrett&Millidge(1992)anda
Swanage,Dorset,BH192HS
complete list based on the latter was produced for the
and British Arachnological Society Members’ Handbook,
alsoin1992.Thepublicationofacompleterevisedlistin
John A. Murphy November 2000 is timely, not only because of the need
323HanworthRoad, to record many recent additions and changes, but also
Hampton,Middlesex,TW123EJ tocommemoratethecentenaryofthepublicationofthe
list of British spiders by Octavius Pickard-Cambridge
in November 1900. It also gives us great pleasure to
dedicate this list to mark the centenary of the birth on
Summary 12August1900ofourdearfriendandcolleaguethelate
G. H. (Ted) Locket, who did so much to promote the
A complete revised check list of British spiders is pre-
study of spiders in Britain during the second half of
sented,withexplanationsforallchangesmadesincethelist
ofamendmentsgivenbyMerrett&Millidge(1992).Forthe the 20th century.
sake of consistency with most recent spider literature, the TherateofdiscoveryofBritishspiderspeciessincethe
order of families is changed from that used in previous earliesttimesisshowninFig.1.Thisisbasedonthedate
recent British lists to follow the order used by Platnick
of publication when each of the currently recognised
(1998).
species was first described from Britain, but not necess-
Thefollowing24speciesareaddedtothelist:Orchestina
sp. (?), Steatoda triangulosa, Theridion hemerobium, arily under its current name. Early works contained
Theridion sp., Wabasso quaestio replicatus, Porrhomma many synonyms, with the result that the number of
cambridgei,Meionetamossica,Meionetafuscipalpa,Centro- speciesappearedhigherthanthatindicatedhere,e.g.the
merus minutissimus, Nothophantes horridus, Megalepthy-
list of Pickard-Cambridge (1900) contained 536 names,
phantes collinus occidentalis (?), Lepthyphantes beckeri,
but only 451 of these are still valid. The principal
Neriene emphana, Tegenaria ferruginea, Clubiona pseudo-
neglecta,Zodarionvicinum,Zodarionrubidum,Zodarionfus- contributorstothepublicationofnewBritishspeciesare
cum,Gnaphosanigerrima,Philodromuslongipalpis,Ozyptila indicated on the graph, with their main periods of
pullata,Neonrubustus,Neonpictus(?)andTalaverathorelli. activity.Itisnoticeablethattherewasamarkeddecline
The following 4 species are deleted: Pardosa arenicola,
in the rate of discovery of species new to Britain after
Nigmaflavescens,PhilodromusbuxiandPhilodromusrufus.
about 1915 until the publication of British Spiders by
On the British list Eresus cinnaberinus is replaced by E.
sandaliatus,PardosalugubrisbyP.saltans,Clubionasimilis
byC.frisia,andSitticusrupicolabyS.inexpectus.
The following previously proposed synonyms are ac-
cepted: Centromerus incultus=C. semiater and Euophrys
browningi=Pseudeuophrys obsoleta. Generic changes affect
Theridion simile (transferred to Simitidion), Theridion
bimaculatum (transferred to Neottiura), Theridion pallens
(transferredtoPaidiscura),Lepthyphantesnebulosus(trans-
ferred to Megalepthyphantes), Lepthyphantes midas (trans-
ferredtoMidia),Linyphiamontana,L.clathrata,L.peltata,
L.furtivaandL.marginata(transferredtoNeriene(whereL.
marginata becomes N. radiata)), Euophrys erratica and E.
lanigera(transferredtoPseudeuophrys),Euophryspetrensis
andE.aequipes(transferredtoTalavera),andAttulussalta-
tor(transferredtoSitticus).Also,Rhaebothoraxisregarded
as a synonym of Mecynargus, and Atea as a synonym of
Araneus.ThenameCentromerusaequalisisreplacedbyC.
brevivulvatus. The genera Meta and Metellina are trans-
ferredfromtheMetidaetotheTetragnathidae,andZygiella
totheAraneidae.ArgyronetaistransferredfromtheArgy-
ronetidaetotheCybaeidae.FromtheAgelenidae,thegen-
era Cicurina, Cryphoeca, Tuberta and Mastigusa
are transferred to the Dictynidae, and Coelotes to the
Amaurobiidae. The family name Sparassidae replaces
Heteropodidae.
Uloborus plumipes and Thanatus vulgaris are noted as
having been found in Britain, but are not included in the
checklist.Agraphisprovidedtoshowtherateofdiscovery
ofBritishspeciesfromthe17thcenturytothepresenttime.
SpecieswhichhavebeenrecordedfromtheChannelIslands
butnotinmainlandBritainarelistedinaseparateAppen-
dix. The present check list includes 645 species, with a Fig. 1: Rate of discovery of British spider species, based on date of
further 11 species having been confirmed as found in the publication when each currently recognised species was first
ChannelIslands. describedfromBritain,plottedin5-yearperiods.
346 ChecklistofBritishspiders
Locket&Millidgeintheearly1950s.Sincethentherate Family SEGESTRIIDAE
of increase has remained almost constant at an average Segestria senoculata (Linnaeus, 1758)
ofabout1.5speciesperyear.Thissuggeststhatthegreat Segestria bavarica C. L. Koch, 1843
increase in interest in spiders, encouraged by the publi- Segestria florentina (Rossi, 1790)
cation of British Spiders and other more recent books,
has compensated for the fact that new species are Family DYSDERIDAE
becoming increasingly more difficult to find. In a re- Dysdera erythrina (Walckenaer, 1802)
markable end to the 20th century, seven species were Dysdera crocata C. L. Koch, 1838
added to the British list during 1999. TheoriginalspellingusedinthedescriptionbyKoch(1838:81)was
Probably the main difference that British readers will crocota,butintheindextothesamework(p.156)heusedcrocata.
notice in the present list compared with previous lists is Walckenaer(1841:444)chosetousecrocata,andshouldbedeemed
theFirstReviser,andthiswasfollowedbyKoch(1850:76);crocata
the change in the order of families. This order has
thus becomes the correct original spelling (ICZN (4th ed., 1999),
remained almost unchanged in all British works since
Art.24.2.3).
Bristowe (1939), but it has become increasingly out of Harpactea hombergi (Scopoli, 1763)
date in recent years. Here we have adopted the family Harpactea rubicunda (C. L. Koch, 1838)
order used by Platnick (1998), which reflects modern [Harpactearubicunda(C.L.Koch,1839)]
thinking on phylogeny and the interrelationships of Thecorrectdateofpublicationwas1838(seeBrignoli,1985).
families. This order, or something very like it, has been
Family OONOPIDAE
used in most recent publications throughout the world.
However,inordertomakethislistmoreeasilycompar- Oonops pulcher Templeton, 1835
able with previous British lists, within each family we Oonops domesticus Dalmas, 1916
haveretainedtheorderofgeneraandspeciesusedinthe Orchestina sp.?
1985 and 1992 lists, except in those cases where generic In1992an8-eyedfemaleoonopidwascollectedinEssex(Ruffell&
Kovoor,1994).Oonopidsusuallyhave6eyes,andlacktheAMEs
transfersmakechangesunavoidable.Anindextogenera
present in most spiders. Subsequent searches in the same habitat
is also provided to facilitate the location of entries.
producedseveralmorefemales,somewith6eyesandsomewith8
Name changes shown here have been generally ac- eyes. All had the general appearance and typical reddish-purple
cepted in the literature following recent taxonomic re- markingsoftheoonopidgenusOrchestina.However,femoraIVof
visions. Some other changes which have been proposed the Essex specimens are much less swollen than those of typical
Orchestinaspecies.Dalmas(1916)inhisrevisionofOrchestinaalso
elsewhere are not accepted here if we disagree with the
referstothesporadicoccurrenceofAMEsinsomespecies,although
conclusionsorifwefeelthereisstillsomedoubtamong
the 8-eyed patterns figured are different from that of the Essex
otherworkers.Wehave,however,usuallyreferredtothe specimens.Inspiteoffurtherintensivesearchingnomaleshaveyet
existenceofsuchproposedchangesintheliteratureeven been collected, and it is still unclear whether the Essex specimens
if we have not followed them. belongtoOrchestinaortoacloselyrelated(new?)genus.
WehaveincludedasanAppendixalistofthespecies
Family MIMETIDAE
whichhavebeenrecordedfromtheChannelIslandsbut
Ero cambridgei Kulczyn´ski, 1911
not from mainland Britain. From a zoogeographical
Ero furcata (Villers, 1789)
pointofviewthefaunaoftheChannelIslandsisrelated
Ero aphana (Walckenaer, 1802)
to that of northern France, and these species cannot be
Ero tuberculata (De Geer, 1778)
regarded as British, but since a list is unlikely to appear
soon elsewhere in the literature we thought it would be
Family ERESIDAE
useful to list them here as a supplement.
Eresus sandaliatus (Martini & Goeze, 1778)
In the list which follows, the current name is printed
[Eresuscinnaberinus(Olivier,1789)]
in 10 point and, where different, the name used in the
ItwasshownbyRatschker&Bellmann(1995a,b)thatthespecies
1985 or 1992 list is printed below in 8 point within
whichoccursinBritainisdifferentfromE.cinnaberinusandshould
square brackets and indented. Any comments on the becalledE.sandaliatus.
change are then given below, also in 8 point, with the
appropriate reference/s to the literature. Family ULOBORIDAE
Uloborus walckenaerius Latreille, 1806
Hyptiotes paradoxus (C. L. Koch, 1834)
Check list
Family NESTICIDAE
Family ATYPIDAE
Nesticus cellulanus (Clerck, 1757)
Atypus affinis Eichwald, 1830
Family THERIDIIDAE
Family SCYTODIDAE
Episinus angulatus (Blackwall, 1836)
Scytodes thoracica (Latreille, 1802)
Episinus truncatus Latreille, 1809
[ScytodesthoracicaLatreille,1804]
Episinus maculipes Cavanna, 1876
FirstdescribedbyLatreillein1802asAraneathoracica.
Euryopis flavomaculata (C. L. Koch, 1836)
Family PHOLCIDAE Dipoena erythropus (Simon, 1881)
Pholcus phalangioides (Fuesslin, 1775) Dipoena prona (Menge, 1868)
Psilochorus simoni (Berland, 1911) Dipoena inornata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1861)
P.Merrett&J.A.Murphy 347
Dipoena tristis (Hahn, 1833) Enoplognatha latimana Hippa & Oksala, 1982
TransferredbyWunderlich(1988)tothegenusLasaeola,butasthe Enoplognatha thoracica (Hahn, 1833)
status of these genera remains somewhat uncertain we leave it in Enoplognatha mordax (Thorell, 1875)
Dipoenaforthetimebeing.
Enoplognatha tecta (Keyserling, 1884)
Dipoena coracina (C. L. Koch, 1837)
Enoplognatha oelandica (Thorell, 1875)
SinceithasnotbeenfoundinBritainsince1913,itshouldpossibly
Robertus lividus (Blackwall, 1836)
bedeletedfromthelist,butsomeofitsoriginalsitesstillexistandit
isasmall,inconspicuousspecieswhichcouldeasilybeoverlooked. Robertus arundineti (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Dipoena melanogaster (C. L. Koch, 1837) Robertus neglectus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Dipoena torva (Thorell, 1875) Robertus scoticus Jackson, 1914
Crustulina guttata (Wider, 1834) Robertus insignis O. P.-Cambridge, 1907
Crustulina sticta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1861) Pholcomma gibbum (Westring, 1851)
Steatoda phalerata (Panzer, 1801) Theonoe minutissima (O. P.-Cambridge, 1879)
Steatoda albomaculata (De Geer, 1778)
Family THERIDIOSOMATIDAE
Steadota bipunctata (Linnaeus, 1758)
Theridiosoma gemmosum (L. Koch, 1877)
Steatoda grossa (C. L. Koch, 1838)
Steatoda nobilis (Thorell, 1875)
Family LINYPHIIDAE
DescribedfromBritainbySnazell&Jones(1993).
Ceratinella brevipes (Westring, 1851)
Steatoda triangulosa (Walckenaer, 1802)
Ceratinella brevis (Wider, 1834)
FoundinLeicesterin1996byDaws(1997).Asitisasynanthropic
species widespread in Europe, it is likely to occur in Britain. Ceratinella scabrosa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
DescribedinRoberts(1995). Walckenaeria acuminata Blackwall, 1833
Anelosimus vittatus (C. L. Koch, 1836) Walckenaeria mitrata (Menge, 1868)
Anelosimus aulicus (C. L. Koch, 1838) Walckenaeria antica (Wider, 1834)
Achaearanea lunata (Clerck, 1757) Walckenaeria alticeps (Denis, 1952)
Achaearanea riparia (Blackwall, 1834) Walckenaeria cucullata (C. L. Koch, 1836)
Achaearanea tepidariorum (C. L. Koch, 1841) Walckenaeria nodosa O. P.-Cambridge, 1873
Achaearanea simulans (Thorell, 1875) Walckenaeria atrotibialis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1878)
Achaearanea veruculata (Urquhart, 1885) Walckenaeria capito (Westring, 1861)
Theridion sisyphium (Clerck, 1757) Walckenaeria incisa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Theridion impressum L. Koch, 1881 Walckenaeria dysderoides (Wider, 1834)
Theridion pictum (Walckenaer, 1802) Walckenaeria stylifrons (O. P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Theridion hemerobium Simon, 1914 Walckenaeria nudipalpis (Westring, 1851)
Described from Britain by Bosmans et al. (1994) and Roberts Walckenaeria obtusa Blackwall, 1836
(1995). The ending of the specific name should be -um, not -us, Walckenaeria monoceros (Wider, 1834)
accordingtoPlatnick(1998).
Walckenaeria corniculans (O. P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Theridion varians Hahn, 1833
Walckenaeria furcillata (Menge, 1869)
Theridion sp.
Walckenaeria unicornis O. P.-Cambridge, 1861
A male of an unidentified species apparently related to T. varians
Walckenaeria kochi (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)
wasfoundinWiltshirein1999(M.C.Askins,pers.comm.).Further
detailsarenotyetavailable. Walckenaeria clavicornis (Emerton, 1882)
Theridion pinastri L. Koch, 1872 Walckenaeria cuspidata Blackwall, 1833
Theridion familiare O. P.-Cambridge, 1871 Walckenaeria vigilax (Blackwall, 1853)
Theridion melanurum Hahn, 1831 Dicymbium nigrum (Blackwall, 1834)
Theridion mystaceum L. Koch, 1870 Dicymbium brevisetosum Locket, 1962
Theridion blackwalli O. P.-Cambridge, 1871 Dicymbium tibiale (Blackwall, 1836)
Theridion tinctum (Walckenaer, 1802) Entelecara acuminata (Wider, 1834)
Simitidion simile (C. L. Koch, 1836) Entelecara congenera (O. P.-Cambridge, 1879)
[TheridionsimileC.L.Koch,1836] Entelecara erythropus (Westring, 1851)
TransferredtothenewgenusSimitidionbyWunderlich(1992),and Entelecara flavipes (Blackwall, 1834)
followed by Knoflach (1996). S. simile is the type species of the
Entelecara omissa O. P.-Cambridge, 1902
genus.
Entelecara errata O. P.-Cambridge, 1913
Neottiura bimaculata (Linnaeus, 1767)
Moebelia penicillata (Westring, 1851)
[Theridionbimaculatum(Linnaeus,1767)]
The genus Neottiura Menge, 1868 now seems to be generally Hylyphantes graminicola (Sundevall, 1830)
accepted as valid (see Platnick, 1998), and bimaculata is the type Gnathonarium dentatum (Wider, 1834)
speciesofthegenus. Trematocephalus cristatus (Wider, 1834)
Paidiscura pallens (Blackwall, 1834)
Tmeticus affinis (Blackwall, 1855)
[TheridionpallensBlackwall,1834]
Gongylidium rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758)
The genus Paidiscura Archer, 1950 (type species P. pallens) was
Dismodicus bifrons (Blackwall, 1841)
removed from the synonymy of Theridion by Wunderlich (1987),
andthisnowseemstobegenerallyaccepted. Dismodicus elevatus (C. L. Koch, 1838)
Rugathodes instabilis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871) Hypomma bituberculatum (Wider, 1834)
Rugathodes bellicosus (Simon, 1873) Hypomma fulvum (Bösenberg, 1902)
Enoplognatha ovata (Clerck, 1757) Hypomma cornutum (Blackwall, 1833)
348 ChecklistofBritishspiders
Metopobactrus prominulus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) Satilatlas britteni (Jackson, 1913)
Hybocoptus decollatus (Simon, 1881) Thyreosthenius parasiticus (Westring, 1851)
RegardedbyWunderlich(1995a)asajuniorsynonymofHybocop- Thyreosthenius biovatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1875)
tuscorrugis(O.P.-Cambridge,1875)fromCorsica,butweconsider Monocephalus fuscipes (Blackwall, 1836)
that there may be some doubt about this synonymy, so prefer to
Monocephalus castaneipes (Simon, 1884)
leaveitasdecollatusforthetimebeing.
Baryphyma pratense (Blackwall, 1861) Lophomma punctatum (Blackwall, 1841)
Baryphyma duffeyi (Millidge, 1954) Saloca diceros (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Baryphyma gowerense (Locket, 1965) Gongylidiellum vivum (O. P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Baryphyma trifrons (O. P.-Cambridge, 1863) Gongylidiellum latebricola (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Baryphyma maritimum (Crocker & Parker, 1970) Gongylidiellum murcidum Simon, 1884
Gonatium rubens (Blackwall, 1833) Micrargus herbigradus (Blackwall, 1854)
Gonatium rubellum (Blackwall, 1841) Micrargus apertus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Gonatium paradoxum (L. Koch, 1869) Micrargus subaequalis (Westring, 1851)
Maso sundevalli (Westring, 1851) Micrargus laudatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1881)
Maso gallicus Simon, 1894 Notioscopus sarcinatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Minicia marginella (Wider, 1834) Glyphesis cottonae (La Touche, 1945)
Peponocranium ludicrum (O. P.-Cambridge, 1861) Glyphesis servulus (Simon, 1881)
Pocadicnemis pumila (Blackwall, 1841) Erigonella hiemalis (Blackwall, 1841)
Pocadicnemis juncea Locket & Millidge, 1953 Erigonella ignobilis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Hypselistes jacksoni (O. P.-Cambridge, 1902) Savignia frontata Blackwall, 1833
Oedothorax gibbosus (Blackwall, 1841) [Savigniafrontata(Blackwall,1833)]
Oedothorax fuscus (Blackwall, 1834) The author should not be in brackets. This error has persisted in
BritishchecklistssinceVolume2ofLocket&Millidge(1953).
Oedothorax agrestis (Blackwall, 1853)
Diplocephalus cristatus (Blackwall, 1833)
Oedothorax retusus (Westring, 1851)
Diplocephalus permixtus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Oedothorax apicatus (Blackwall, 1850)
Diplocephalus latifrons (O. P.-Cambridge, 1863)
Trichopterna thorelli (Westring, 1861)
Diplocephalus connatus Bertkau, 1889
Trichopterna cito (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Diplocephalus picinus (Blackwall, 1841)
Pelecopsis mengei (Simon, 1884)
Diplocephalus protuberans (O. P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Pelecopsis parallela (Wider, 1834)
Araeoncus humilis (Blackwall, 1841)
Pelecopsis nemoralis (Blackwall, 1841)
Araeoncus crassiceps (Westring, 1861)
Wunderlich (1992) placed this species and P. nemoralioides in the
Panamomops sulcifrons (Wider, 1834)
newgenusParapelecopsis(typespeciesnemoralis),butweconsider
thistobeunnecessaryinviewoftherangeofvariationamongother Lessertia dentichelis (Simon, 1884)
speciesofPelecopsis. Scotinotylus evansi (O. P.-Cambridge, 1894)
Pelecopsis nemoralioides (O. P.-Cambridge, 1884) Typhochrestus digitatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Pelecopsis elongata (Wider, 1834) Typhochrestus simoni Lessert, 1907
Pelecopsis radicicola (L. Koch, 1872) Milleriana inerrans (O. P.-Cambridge, 1885)
Silometopus elegans (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) Eskov (1990) regards Milleriana as a junior synonym of Collinsia,
Silometopus ambiguus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1905) andCollinsiaasnotajuniorsynonymofHalorates,butthisisnot
Silometopus reussi (Thorell, 1871) acceptedhere.ThepalpalstructureofCollinsiaisverysimilartothat
Silometopus incurvatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1873) ofHalorates,butdifferentfromMilleriana.
Diplocentria bidentata (Emerton, 1882)
Mecopisthes peusi Wunderlich, 1972
Wabasso quaestio replicatus (Holm, 1950)
Cnephalocotes obscurus (Blackwall, 1834)
Found in Inverness-shire in 1999 by Ian Dawson. Described by
Acartauchenius scurrilis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Holm(1950)asDiplocentriareplicata,butsynonymisedbyMillidge
Trichoncus saxicola (O. P.-Cambridge, 1861)
(1984) with the Nearctic species Wabasso quaestio (Chamberlin,
Trichoncus hackmani Millidge, 1955 1948).ItclearlybelongsinthegenusWabassoandisverycloseto
Trichoncus affinis Kulczyn´ski, 1894 quaestio,buttherearesmalldifferencesbetweenEuropeanandN.
Ceratinopsis romana (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872) Americanspecimens,anditseemsbesttotreatthemassubspecies
(Merrett&Dawson,inprep.).
Marusik&Tanasevitch(1998)transferredC.romanaandC.stativa
Erigone dentipalpis (Wider, 1834)
tothegenusStyloctetor,butthisisnotacceptedhere.
Ceratinopsis stativa (Simon, 1881) Erigone atra Blackwall, 1833
Evansia merens O. P.-Cambridge, 1900 Erigone promiscua (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)
Tiso vagans (Blackwall, 1834) Erigone arctica (White, 1852)
Tiso aestivus (L. Koch, 1872) Erigone longipalpis (Sundevall, 1830)
Troxochrus scabriculus (Westring, 1851) Erigone tirolensis L. Koch, 1872
Minyriolus pusillus (Wider, 1834) Erigone capra Simon, 1884
Tapinocyba praecox (O. P.-Cambridge, 1873) ConsideredbyEskov(1994)tobeasynonymofErigonedentigera
O. P.-Cambridge, 1874, but he provides no new evidence for this
Tapinocyba pallens (O. P.-Cambridge, 1872)
decision.Locket(1964)describedsmalldifferencesbetweenthetwo
Tapinocyba insecta (L. Koch, 1869)
forms, and regarded them as probably distinct species, which is
Tapinocyba mitis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1882) followedhere.Alternatively,theycouldberegardedassubspecies.
Tapinocyboides pygmaeus (Menge, 1869) Erigone welchi Jackson, 1911
Microctenonyx subitaneus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1875) Erigone psychrophila Thorell, 1871
P.Merrett&J.A.Murphy 349
Erigone aletris Crosby & Bishop, 1928 Agyneta ramosa Jackson, 1912
Prinerigone vagans (Audouin, 1826) Meioneta innotabilis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1863)
Mecynargus morulus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1873) Meioneta rurestris (C. L. Koch, 1836)
[Rhaebothoraxmorulus(O.P.-Cambridge,1873)] Meioneta mollis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
ThegenusRhaebothoraxSimon,1926wassynonymisedwithMecy- Meioneta saxatilis (Blackwall, 1844)
nargusKulczyn´ski,1894byMillidge(1977),butthiswasquestioned
Meioneta mossica Schikora, 1993
byMerrett,Locket&Millidge(1985).However,thesynonymyhas
DescribedandrecordedfromBritainbySchikora(1993,1995).
been followed by Eskov (1988) and Tanasevitch (1989), and is
Meioneta simplicitarsis (Simon, 1884)
acceptedhere.Thepalpalstructureofthetwogeneraisextremely
similar. Meioneta beata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1906)
Mecynargus paetulus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1875) Considered by Wunderlich (1973) a junior synonym of Meioneta
[Rhaebothoraxpaetulus(O.P.-Cambridge,1875)] affinis(Kulczyn´ski,1898),buttheremaybesomedoubtaboutthis
Latithorax faustus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1900) synonymyandweprefertoretainbeataongroundsofusage.
Meioneta fuscipalpa (C. L. Koch, 1836)
The synonymy of Latithorax with Mecynargus suggested by
Wunderlich (1995b) is not followed here, nor is the synonymy of Found in Suffolk in 1998 by Paul Lee, and described by Lee &
LatithoraxwithSemljicolaproposedbySaaristo&Eskov(1996),in Merrett (in press). The specific name has usually been spelled
viewofthemarkeddifferencesinpalpalstructure. fuscipalpisintheliterature,buttheoriginalspellingwasfuscipalpus
Semljicola caliginosus (Falconer, 1910) (inthemasculineMicryphantes)and,accordingtoH.D.Cameron
[Semljicolacaliginosa(Falconer,1910)] (in litt.), although palpus is a masculinenoun, fuscipalpus must be
Semljicolaismasculine. treated as a compound adjective, so the feminine ending must be
Donacochara speciosa (Thorell, 1875) -palpa.
Leptorhoptrum robustum (Westring, 1851) Meioneta gulosa (L. Koch, 1869)
Drepanotylus uncatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1873) Meioneta nigripes (Simon, 1884)
Leptothrix hardyi (Blackwall, 1850) Microneta viaria (Blackwall, 1841)
Hilaira excisa (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871) Maro minutus O. P.-Cambridge, 1906
Hilaira frigida (Thorell, 1872) Maro sublestus Falconer, 1915
Hilaira nubigena Hull, 1911 Maro lepidus Casemir, 1961
Hilaira pervicax Hull, 1908 Syedra gracilis (Menge, 1869)
Halorates reprobus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1879) Centromerus sylvaticus (Blackwall, 1841)
Halorates distinctus (Simon, 1884) Centromerus prudens (O. P.-Cambridge, 1873)
Centromerus arcanus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1873)
Eskov(1990)includesdistinctusandholmgreniinCollinsia,distinct
from Halorates, but this is not accepted here (see note after Centromerus levitarsis (Simon, 1884)
Millerianaabove). Centromerus dilutus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Halorates holmgreni (Thorell, 1871)
Centromerus capucinus (Simon, 1884)
Carorita limnaea (Crosby & Bishop, 1927)
Centromerus incilium (L. Koch, 1881)
Carorita paludosa Duffey, 1971
Centromerus semiater (L. Koch, 1879)
Wiehlea calcarifera (Simon, 1884)
[CentromerusincultusFalconer,1915]
Mioxena blanda (Simon, 1884) C.incultuswasconsideredtobeajuniorsynonymofC.semiaterby
Caviphantes saxetorum (Hull, 1916) Eskov&Marusik(1992),followingHolm(1973).
Asthenargus paganus (Simon, 1884) Centromerus brevivulvatus Dahl, 1912
Jacksonella falconeri (Jackson, 1908) [Centromerusaequalis(Westring,1851)]
Pseudomaro aenigmaticus Denis, 1966 Generally known during the last 40 years or so, following Wiehle
(1956), as C. aequalis (Westring, 1851). However, this is not an
Ostearius melanopygius (O. P.-Cambridge, 1879)
available name, as Westring (1851: 44) described it as ‘‘Erigone
Aphileta misera (O. P.-Cambridge, 1882)
aequalis Koch?’’. The species described by Westring (1851) is
Porrhomma pygmaeum (Blackwall, 1834) differentfromthatdescribedbyC.L.Koch(1841)asMicryphantes
Porrhomma convexum (Westring, 1851) aequalis,whichinturnisstatedbySimon(1884:415)andRoewer
Porrhomma rosenhaueri (L. Koch, 1872) (1955:1589)tobeapossiblesynonymofMacrargusrufus(Wider,
1834).Westring’sspecieswasconsideredbyThorell(1871)tobea
Porrhomma pallidum Jackson, 1913
synonymofBathyphantesbrevipalpusMenge,1866(X,notY),and
Porrhomma campbelli F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1894
the latter name was used by a number of authors in the period
Porrhomma microphthalmum (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871) between1880and1940(Bonnet,1956:989).Typesofbrevipalpusare
Porrhomma errans (Blackwall, 1841) notavailable,butitseemsthatMenge’sdrawingscannotshowthe
Porrhomma egeria Simon, 1884 aequalisofrecentauthors,andatubelabelledErigone/Bathyphantes
brevipalpis Menge in Thorell’s collection contains 1X 2Y of Mac-
Porrhomma oblitum (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
rarguscarpenteriand1XofMicronetaviaria(T.KronestedtandK.
Porrhomma cambridgei Merrett, 1994
Thaler,pers.comm.).Thereis,however,littledoubtthatTmeticus
Replacement name for Porrhomma oblongum (O. P.-Cambridge, brevipalpus sensu Simon (1884: 415, fig. 194) corresponds to the
1871), a primary homonym of the fossil species Linyphia oblonga aequalisofmodernauthors.TheonlyavailablenameisC.brevivul-
Koch & Berendt, 1854, removed from synonymy of P. oblitum, vatusDahl,1912,whichwasoriginallyproposedasanom.nov.for
contra Millidge & Locket, 1952. Listed as Porrhomma sp. in 1992 the Erigone aequalis of Westring, but even this only refers to the
list. male, as females belong to C. incultus Falconer (M. Moritz and
Porrhomma montanum Jackson, 1913 K.Thaler,pers.comm.)(=C.semiater(L.Koch)).
Agyneta subtilis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1863) Centromerus serratus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Agyneta conigera (O. P.-Cambridge, 1863) Centromerus albidus Simon, 1929
Agyneta decora (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871) Centromerus cavernarum (L. Koch, 1872)
Agyneta cauta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1902) Centromerus persimilis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1912)
Agyneta olivacea (Emerton, 1882) Centromerus minutussimus Merrett & Powell, 1993
350 ChecklistofBritishspiders
DescribedbyMerrett&Powell,inMerrett,Powell&Maher(1993). Lepthyphantes pinicola Simon, 1884
ListedasCentromerussp.in1992Handbooklist,butnotincludedin Lepthyphantes insignis O. P.-Cambridge, 1913
Merrett&Millidge(1992).
Lepthyphantes angulatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1881)
Tallusia experta (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Lepthyphantes antroniensis Schenkel, 1933
Centromerita bicolor (Blackwall, 1833)
Lepthyphantes complicatus (Emerton, 1882)
Centromerita concinna (Thorell, 1875)
Lepthyphantes expunctus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1875)
Sintula corniger (Blackwall, 1856)
Midia midas (Simon, 1884)
Oreonetides vaginatus (Thorell, 1872)
[LepthyphantesmidasSimon,1884]
Saaristoa abnormis (Blackwall, 1841)
Transferred to the new genus Midia by Saaristo & Wunderlich
Saaristoa firma (O. P.-Cambridge, 1905) (1995). It has been clear for some time that midas is not closely
Macrargus rufus (Wider, 1834) relatedtoLepthyphantes.
Macrargus carpenteri (O. P.-Cambridge, 1894) [Some other Lepthyphantes species have been transferred to other
newgenerabySaaristo&Tanasevitch(1996,1999),buttheremay
Bathyphantes approximatus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
besomedoubtaboutthevalidityofsomeofthesegenera,anduntil
Bathyphantes gracilis (Blackwall, 1841)
all the species have been revised we prefer to leave them in
Bathyphantes parvulus (Westring, 1851) Lepthyphantes. However, such revision is clearly needed (see
Bathyphantes nigrinus (Westring, 1851) Saaristo&Tanasevitch,1993).]
Bathyphantes setiger F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1894 Helophora insignis (Blackwall, 1841)
Kaestneria dorsalis (Wider, 1834) Pityohyphantes phrygianus (C. L. Koch, 1836)
Kaestneria pullata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1863) Linyphia triangularis (Clerck, 1757)
Diplostyla concolor (Wider, 1834) Linyphia hortensis Sundevall, 1830
Poeciloneta variegata (Blackwall, 1841) Neriene montana (Clerck, 1757)
Drapetisca socialis (Sundevall, 1833) [Linyphia(Neriene)montana(Clerck,1757)]
TheseparategenusNerienenowseemstobegenerallyacceptedby
Tapinopa longidens (Wider, 1834)
mostauthors,althoughwestillregarditasunnecessarytoseparate
Floronia bucculenta (Clerck, 1757)
thesespeciesfromLinyphiainviewoftheirmanysimilarities.
Taranucnus setosus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1863) Neriene clathrata (Sundevall, 1830)
Labulla thoracica (Wider, 1834) [Linyphia(Neriene)clathrataSundevall,1830]
Stemonyphantes lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758) Neriene peltata (Wider, 1834)
Bolyphantes luteolus (Blackwall, 1833) [Linyphia(Neriene)peltataWider,1834]
Bolyphantes alticeps (Sundevall, 1833) Neriene emphana (Walckenaer, 1841)
Nothophantes horridus Merrett & Stevens, 1995 FoundontheIsleofWightin2000byIanDawson(pers.comm.).
Neriene furtiva (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Described by Merrett & Stevens (1995, 1999). Listed as Lepthy-
phantes sp. in 1992 Handbook list, but not included in Merrett & [Linyphia(Neriene)furtivaO.P.-Cambridge,1871]
Millidge(1992). Neriene radiata (Walckenaer, 1841)
Megalepthyphantes nebulosus (Sundevall, 1830) [Linyphia(Neriene)marginataC.L.Koch,1834]
AsexplainedinRoberts(1987:159),L.marginatahastobechanged
[Lepthyphantesnebulosus(Sundevall,1830)]
toN.radiatawhentransferredtothegenusNeriene.
Transferred to the new genus Megalepthyphantes by Wunderlich
Microlinyphia pusilla (Sundevall, 1830)
(1994b)alongwiththerestofthenebulosus-groupsensuWunderlich
(1977).M.nebulosusisthetypespeciesofthegenus. Microlinyphia impigra (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Megalepthyphantes collinus occidentalis (Machado, Allomengea scopigera (Grube, 1859)
1949)? Allomengea vidua (L. Koch, 1879)
DiscoveredinKentin1999byPeterHarvey.Closelyrelatedto,but
Family TETRAGNATHIDAE
distinctfrom,typicalM.collinus(L.Koch,1872),andprobablybest
treatedasasubspeciesatpresent,contrarytoSaaristo(1997)who
Tetragnatha extensa (Linnaeus, 1758)
regardeditasasynonymofM.collinus.TheBritishmaleresembles
Tetragnatha pinicola L. Koch, 1870
the type material of occidentalis in having a truncated tibial apo-
Tetragnatha montana Simon, 1874
physis, but shows some differences, and may represent another
subspecies(Merrett&Harvey,inprep.). Tetragnatha obtusa C. L. Koch, 1837
Lepthyphantes leprosus (Ohlert, 1865) Tetragnatha nigrita Lendl, 1886
Lepthyphantes minutus (Blackwall, 1833) Tetragnatha striata L. Koch, 1862
Lepthyphantes alacris (Blackwall, 1853) Pachygnatha clercki Sundevall, 1823
Lepthyphantes whymperi F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1894 Pachygnatha listeri Sundevall, 1830
Lepthyphantes obscurus (Blackwall, 1841) Pachygnatha degeeri Sundevall, 1830
Lepthyphantes tenuis (Blackwall, 1852) Metellina segmentata (Clerck, 1757)
Lepthyphantes zimmermanni Bertkau, 1890 ThefamilynameMetidaecannotbeusedbecauseitispreoccupied
Lepthyphantes cristatus (Menge, 1866) in the Copepoda, so Metellina and Meta are transferred to the
Lepthyphantes mengei Kulczyn´ski, 1887 Tetragnathidae,followingPlatnick(1989).
Metellina mengei (Blackwall, 1869)
Lepthyphantes flavipes (Blackwall, 1854)
Metellina merianae (Scopoli, 1763)
Lepthyphantes tenebricola (Wider, 1834)
Meta menardi (Latrielle, 1804)
Lepthyphantes beckeri Wunderlich, 1973
Meta bourneti Simon, 1922
DescribedfromBritainbyCrocker&Daws(1996).Thereissome
[ForZygiellaseeunderAraneidae]
doubt about the validity of this species, which could represent
abnormalspecimensofanotherspecies.
Family ARANEIDAE
Lepthyphantes ericaeus (Blackwall, 1853)
Lepthyphantes pallidus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871) Gibbaranea bituberculata (Walckenaer, 1802)
P.Merrett&J.A.Murphy 351
Thisspeciespossiblyshouldbedeletedfromthelistasitnolonger Pardosa amentata (Clerck, 1757)
exists at its only British site at Burnham Beeches, but as it is Pardosa nigriceps (Thorell, 1856)
widespreadonthecontinentitmightbefoundelsewhereinBritain.
Pardosa saltans Töpfer-Hofmann, 2000
Gibbaranea gibbosa (Walckenaer, 1802)
[Pardosalugubris(Walckenaer,1802)]
Araneus angulatus Clerck, 1757
Pardosa saltans was described by Töpfer-Hofmann, in Töpfer-
Araneus diadematus Clerck, 1757 Hofmann, Cordes & Helversen (2000) as a species distinct from
Araneus quadratus Clerck, 1757 P. lugubris. So far, British material that has been examined has
Araneus marmoreus Clerck, 1757 provedtobeP.saltans,butitispossiblethatP.lugubrismayoccur
hereaswell.
Araneus alsine (Walckenaer, 1802)
Pardosa hortensis (Thorell, 1872)
Araneus sturmi (Hahn, 1831)
Pardosa proxima (C. L. Koch, 1847)
[Ateasturmi(Hahn,1831)]
Pardosa trailli (O. P.-Cambridge, 1873)
ThegenusAteawasconsideredajuniorsynonymofAraneusbyLevi
(1991). Pardosa paludicola (Clerck, 1757)
Araneus triguttatus (Fabricius, 1775) Hygrolycosa rubrofasciata (Ohlert, 1865)
[Ateatriguttata(Fabricius,1775)] Xerolycosa nemoralis (Westring, 1861)
Larinioides cornutus (Clerck, 1757) Xerolycosa miniata (C. L. Koch, 1834)
Larinioides sclopetarius (Clerck, 1757) Alopecosa pulverulenta (Clerck, 1757)
Larinioides patagiatus (Clerck, 1757) Alopecosa cuneata (Clerck, 1757)
Nuctenea umbratica (Clerck, 1757) Alopecosa barbipes (Sundevall, 1833)
Agalenatea redii (Scopoli, 1763) Alopecosa fabrilis (Clerck, 1757)
Neoscona adianta (Walckenaer, 1802) Trochosa ruricola (De Geer, 1778)
Araniella cucurbitina (Clerck, 1757) Trochosa robusta (Simon, 1876)
Araniella opisthographa (Kulczyn´ski, 1905) Trochosa terricola Thorell, 1856
[Araniellaopistographa(Kulczyn´ski,1905)] Trochosa spinipalpis (F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1895)
Theoriginalspellingwasopisthographa.
Arctosa fulvolineata (Lucas, 1846)
Araniella inconspicua (Simon, 1874)
Arctosa perita (Latreille, 1799)
Araniella alpica (L. Koch, 1869)
Arctosa leopardus (Sundevall, 1833)
Araniella displicata (Hentz, 1847)
Arctosa cinerea (Fabricius, 1777)
Zilla diodia (Walckenaer, 1802)
Arctosa alpigena (Doleschall, 1852)
Hypsosinga albovittata (Westring, 1851)
Pirata piraticus (Clerck, 1757)
Hypsosinga pygmaea (Sundevall, 1831)
Pirata tenuitarsis Simon, 1876
[Hypsosingapygmaea(Sundevall,1832)]
Pirata hygrophilus Thorell, 1872
The correct date of publication was 1831 according to Blick &
Kronestedt(2000). Pirata uliginosus (Thorell, 1856)
Hypsosinga sanguinea (C. L. Koch, 1844) Pirata latitans (Blackwall, 1841)
Hypsosinga heri (Hahn, 1831) Pirata piscatorius (Clerck, 1757)
This species possibly should be deleted from the list as it has not Aulonia albimana (Walckenaer, 1805)
been recorded from Britain since 1912 and its main site, Wicken
Fen,haschangedconsiderablysincethattime.
Family PISAURIDAE
Singa hamata (Clerck, 1757)
Cercidia prominens (Westring, 1851) Pisaura mirabilis (Clerck, 1757)
Zygiella x-notata (Clerck, 1757) Dolomedes fimbriatus (Clerck, 1757)
AsexplainedunderMetellina(Tetragnathidae),Zygiellacannotbe Dolomedes plantarius (Clerck, 1757)
included in the Metidae, and according to Scharff & Coddington
(1997)itbelongsintheAraneidae.
Family OXYOPIDAE
Zygiella atrica (C. L. Koch, 1845)
Zygiella stroemi (Thorell, 1870) Oxyopes heterophthalmus Latreille, 1804
Mangora acalypha (Walckenaer, 1802)
Cyclosa conica (Pallas, 1772) Family AGELENIDAE
Argiope bruennichi (Scopoli, 1772)
Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757)
Textrix denticulata (Olivier, 1789)
Family LYCOSIDAE
Tegenaria gigantea Chamberlin & Ivie, 1935
Pardosa agricola (Thorell, 1856) Tegenaria saeva Blackwall, 1844
[Pardosaarenicola(O.P.-Cambridge,1875)isdeletedfromthelist, Tegenaria atrica C. L. Koch, 1843
as it now seems to be generally regarded as a synonym of P. Tegenaria parietina (Fourcroy, 1785)
agricola.] Tegenaria ferruginea (Panzer, 1804)
Pardosa agrestis (Westring, 1861)
Described from Britain by Oxford (1999) and Oxford & Merrett
Pardosa purbeckensis F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1895 (2000).
RegardedasasubspeciesofP.agrestisbyAlderweireldt&Maelfait Tegenaria agrestis (Walckenaer, 1802)
(1993),butweprefertotreatthemasseparatespecies. Tegenaria domestica (Clerck, 1757)
Pardosa monticola (Clerck, 1757)
Tegenaria silvestris L. Koch, 1872
Pardosa palustris (Linnaeus, 1758)
Tegenaria picta Simon, 1870
Pardosa pullata (Clerck, 1757)
[For Coelotes see Amaurobiidae, and for Cicurina, Cryphoeca,
Pardosa prativaga (L. Koch, 1870) TubertaandMastigusaseeDictynidae.]
352 ChecklistofBritishspiders
Family CYBAEIDAE Coelotes atropos (Walckenaer, 1830)
As mentioned in Merrett & Millidge (1992), Coelotes was trans-
Argyroneta aquatica (Clerck, 1757)
ferred to the Amaurobiidae by Platnick (1989), and this seems
Transferred here (sub Agelenidae: Cybaeinae) by Grothendieck & sensible in view of its many similarities to Amaurobius. This is
Kraus(1994).TheseparatefamilyCybaeidaewasproposedforthe curiously appropriate as the British Coeletes species used to be
cybaeines by Forster (1970) and this has been followed in the knownasAmaurobius!
cataloguesofBrignoliandPlatnick. Coelotes terrestris (Wider, 1834)
Family HAHNIIDAE
Family ANYPHAENIDAE
Antistea elegans (Blackwall, 1841)
Anyphaena accentuata (Walckenaer, 1802)
Hahnia montana (Blackwall, 1841)
Hahnia candida Simon, 1875 Family LIOCRANIDAE
Hahnia microphthalma Snazell & Duffey, 1980
Agroeca brunnea (Blackwall, 1833)
Hahnia nava (Blackwall, 1841)
Agroeca proxima (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Hahnia helveola Simon, 1875
Agroeca inopina O. P.-Cambridge, 1886
Hahnia pusilla C. L. Koch, 1841
Agroeca lusatica (L. Koch, 1875)
Family DICTYNIDAE Agroeca cuprea Menge, 1873
Agraecina striata (Kulczyn´ski, 1882)
Dictyna arundinacea (Linnaeus, 1758)
Wunderlich(1999)transferredA.striatatothenewgenusLiocran-
Dictyna pusilla Thorell, 1856
oeca,ashestatedthatitisnotcongenericwiththetypespeciesof
Dictyna major Menge, 1869 Agraecina,A.lineata(Simon,1878),butwearenotconvincedbythe
Dictyna uncinata Thorell, 1856 evidenceprovidedforthischange,soconsideritbesttoleaveitin
Dictyna latens (Fabricius, 1775) Agraecinaforthepresent.
Apostenus fuscus Westring, 1851
Nigma puella (Simon, 1870)
Scotina celans (Blackwall, 1841)
[As suggested in Merrett & Millidge (1992), we consider that
Nigma flavescens (Walckenaer, 1830) should be deleted from Scotina gracilipes (Blackwall, 1859)
the list, as it has been recorded from Britain only once, in Co. Scotina palliardii (L. Koch, 1881)
Durhamin1909,andtheremaybesomedoubtabouttheoriginal [Scotinapalliardi(L.Koch,1881)]
record.] Theoriginalspellingwaspalliardii,andKoch(1881:60)statesthat
Nigma walckenaeri (Roewer, 1951) itwasnamedafteraDrPalliardi.
Cicurina cicur (Fabricius, 1793) Liocranum rupicola (Walckenaer, 1830)
Transferred to the Dictynidae by Lehtinen (1967) because of the Phrurolithus festivus (C. L. Koch, 1835)
similarityofitsgenitaliatothoseofthedictynidgenusBrommella, Phrurolithus minimus C. L. Koch, 1839
andthisseemstobegenerallyaccepted.
Cryphoeca silvicola (C. L. Koch, 1834)
Family CLUBIONIDAE
Tuberta maerens (O. P.-Cambridge, 1863)
Clubiona corticalis (Walckenaer, 1802)
Both Cryphoeca and Tuberta have been placed in Hahniidae by
some authors, following Lehtinen (1967), but we prefer to restrict Clubiona reclusa O. P.-Cambridge, 1863
theHahniidaetothosegenerawiththecharacteristiclineararrange- Clubiona subsultans Thorell, 1875
ment of the spinnerets. Wunderlich (1995c) suggested transferring Clubiona stagnatilis Kulczyn´ski, 1897
CryphoecatotheDictynidae,andWunderlich&Hansen(1995)also
Clubiona rosserae Locket, 1953
consideredTubertaasapossiblememberoftheDictynidaeinview
Clubiona norvegica Strand, 1900
ofthesimilaritiesinitsgenitaliatothoseofMastigusa.Mastigusa
has been included in the Dictynidae in all of the catalogues of Clubiona caerulescens L. Koch, 1867
Platnick,followingWunderlich’s(1986)revision,soitseemsbestto Clubiona pallidula (Clerck, 1757)
include all three genera in Dictynidae. It should be noted that Clubiona phragmitis C. L. Koch, 1843
Pickard-Cambridge (1900) included the Mastigusa and Tuberta
Clubiona terrestris Westring, 1851
speciesinCryphoeca!
Clubiona neglecta O. P.-Cambridge, 1862
Mastigusa arietina (Thorell, 1871)
Clubiona pseudoneglecta Wunderlich, 1994
Mastigusa macrophthalma (Kulczyn´ski, 1897)
Only recently recognised as a species distinct from C. neglecta by
According to Wunderlich (1986) British specimens described as
Wunderlich(1994a).CollectedinScillyin1959andinKentin1975
macrophthalma are large-eyed examples of M. arietina, but this
(Merrett,inpress).
requiresconfirmation.
Clubiona frisia Wunderlich & Schütt, 1995
Lathys humilis (Blackwall, 1855)
[ClubionasimilisL.Koch,1867]
Lathys nielseni (Schenkel, 1932)
Wunderlich & Schütt (1995) showed that the species known as C.
Lathys stigmatisata (Menge, 1869)
similisinBritainisinfactthenewspeciesC.frisia.Thisismainly
NotLathysputa(O.P.-Cambridge,1863)asusedbysomeauthors coastalindistribution,whereasC.similisisaCentralEuropeanand
(seeMerrett,1998). moreuplandspecies.
Argenna subnigra (O. P.-Cambridge, 1861) Clubiona lutescens Westring, 1851
Argenna patula (Simon, 1874) Clubiona comta C. L. Koch, 1839
Altella lucida (Simon, 1874) Clubiona brevipes Blackwall, 1841
Clubiona trivialis C. L. Koch, 1843
Family AMAUROBIIDAE
Clubiona juvenis Simon, 1878
Amaurobius fenestralis (Stroem, 1768) Clubiona genevensis L. Koch, 1866
Amaurobius similis (Blackwall, 1861) Clubiona diversa O. P.-Cambridge, 1862
Amaurobius ferox (Walckenaer, 1830) Clubiona subtilis L. Koch, 1867
P.Merrett&J.A.Murphy 353
Cheiracanthium erraticum (Walckenaer, 1802) Family ZORIDAE
ThegenusCheiracanthiumwastransferredtothefamilyMiturgidae Zora spinimana (Sundevall, 1833)
byRamirez,Bonaldo&Brescovit(1997),butalthoughCheiracan-
Zora armillata Simon, 1878
thium is almost certainly misplaced in the Clubionidae the indica-
Zora nemoralis (Blackwall, 1861)
tionsarethatitalsodoesnotbelongintheMiturgidae,sowethink
itbesttoleaveitintheClubionidaeforthepresent. Zora silvestris Kulczyn´ski, 1897
Cheiracanthium pennyi O. P.-Cambridge, 1873
Family SPARASSIDAE Bertkau, 1872
Cheiracanthium virescens (Sundevall, 1833)
[FamilyHETEROPODIDAEThorell,1873]
Jäger(1999)proposedtheuseofSparassidaeasavalidfamilyname
Family ZODARIIDAE instead of Heteropodidae, and this seems likely to be generally
accepted.
Zodarion italicum (Canestrini, 1868) Micrommata virescens (Clerck, 1757)
Zodarion vicinum Denis, 1935
Family PHILODROMIDAE
DescribedfromBritainbySnazell&Bosmans(1997,1998).Listed
asZodarionsp.in1992list. Philodromus dispar Walckenaer, 1826
Zodarion rubidum Simon, 1914 Philodromus aureolus (Clerck, 1757)
Collected in Essex in 1997 (Harvey, 1999). Described in Bosmans Philodromus praedatus O. P.-Cambridge, 1871
(1997).
Philodromus cespitum (Walckenaer, 1802)
Zodarion fuscum (Simon, 1870)
Philodromus longipalpis Simon, 1870
Found recently in Wiltshire and described by Askins (1999). Also
RedescribedasaspeciesdistinctfromP.aureolusandP.cespitumby
describedbyBosmans(1997).
Segers(1992)anddescribedfromBritainbyRoberts(1993,1995).
Philodromus collinus C. L. Koch, 1835
Family GNAPHOSIDAE
[WehavedecidedtodeletePhilodromusbuxiSimon,1884fromthe
list,asonlyonespecimenhaseverbeenrecordedfromBritain,by
Drassodes lapidosus (Walckenaer, 1802)
Pickard-Cambridgebefore1879,anditispossiblethatthesourceof
Drassodes cupreus (Blackwall, 1834) thespecimencouldhavebeenconfused.]
Drassodes pubescens (Thorell, 1856) Philodromus fallax Sundevall, 1833
Haplodrassus signifer (C. L. Koch, 1839) Philodromus histrio (Latreille, 1819)
Haplodrassus dalmatensis (L. Koch, 1866) Philodromus emarginatus (Schrank, 1803)
Haplodrassus umbratilis (L. Koch, 1866) Philodromus albidus Kulczyn´ski, 1911
Haplodrassus soerenseni (Strand, 1900) [We consider that Philodromus rufus Walckenaer, 1826 should be
Haplodrassus silvestris (Blackwall, 1833) deleted from the list, as it has not been found in Britain since the
redescriptionofP.albidusin1989.]
Haplodrassus minor (O. P.-Cambridge, 1879)
Philodromus margaritatus (Clerck, 1757)
Scotophaeus blackwalli (Thorell, 1871)
Thanatus striatus C. L. Koch, 1845
Scotophaeus scutulatus (L. Koch, 1866)
Thanatus formicinus (Clerck, 1757)
Phaeocedus braccatus (L. Koch, 1866)
Tibellus maritimus (Menge, 1875)
Zelotes electus (C. L. Koch, 1839)
Tibellus oblongus (Walckenaer, 1802)
Zelotes latreillei (Simon, 1878)
Zelotes apricorum (L. Koch, 1876) Family THOMISIDAE
Zelotes subterraneus (C. L. Koch, 1833) Thomisus onustus Walckenaer, 1806
Although there is increasing evidence of introgression between Z. Diaea dorsata (Fabricius, 1777)
apricorumandZ.subterraneus(e.g.Noordam,1992)wefeelthatthe
Misumena vatia (Clerck, 1757)
twospeciesshouldstillbemaintainedatpresent.
Pistius truncatus (Pallas, 1772)
Zelotes longipes (L. Koch, 1866)
Xysticus cristatus (Clerck, 1757)
Zelotes petrensis (C. L. Koch, 1839)
Xysticus audax (Schrank, 1803)
Trachyzelotes pedestris (C. L. Koch, 1837)
Xysticus kochi Thorell, 1872
Urozelotes rusticus (L. Koch, 1872)
Xysticus erraticus (Blackwall, 1834)
Drassyllus lutetianus (L. Koch, 1866)
Xysticus lanio C. L. Koch, 1835
Drassyllus pusillus (C. L. Koch, 1833)
Xysticus ulmi (Hahn, 1831)
Drassyllus praeficus (L. Koch, 1866)
Xysticus bifasciatus C. L. Koch, 1837
Gnaphosa lugubris (C. L. Koch, 1839)
Xysticus luctator L. Koch, 1870
Gnaphosa occidentalis Simon, 1878
Xysticus sabulosus (Hahn, 1832)
Gnaphosa nigerrima L. Koch, 1877
Xysticus luctuosus (Blackwall, 1836)
DescribedfromBritainbyFelton(1997).
Gnaphosa leporina (L. Koch, 1866) Xysticus acerbus Thorell, 1872
Callilepis nocturna (Linnaeus, 1758) Xysticus robustus (Hahn, 1832)
Micaria pulicaria (Sundevall, 1831) Ozyptila blackwalli Simon, 1875
[Micariapulicaria(Sundevall,1832)] Ozyptila scabricula (Westring, 1851)
The correct date of publication was 1831 according to Blick & Ozyptila nigrita (Thorell, 1875)
Kronestedt(2000). Ozyptila pullata (Thorell, 1875)
Micaria romana L. Koch, 1866
DescribedfromBritainbyBell(1999)andBell&Merrett(2000).
Micaria alpina L. Koch, 1872 Ozyptila sanctuaria (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871)
Micaria subopaca Westring, 1861 Ozyptila praticola (C. L. Koch, 1837)
Micaria silesiaca L. Koch, 1875 Ozyptila trux (Blackwall, 1846)
354 ChecklistofBritishspiders
Ozyptila simplex (O. P.-Cambridge, 1862) Evarcha falcata (Clerck, 1757)
Ozyptila atomaria (Panzer, 1801) Evarcha arcuata (Clerck, 1757)
Ozyptila brevipes (Hahn, 1826) Aelurillus v-insignitus (Clerck, 1757)
Phlegra fasciata (Hahn, 1826)
Family SALTICIDAE
Synageles venator (Lucas, 1836)
Salticus scenicus (Clerck, 1757)
Myrmarachne formicaria (De Geer, 1778)
Salticus cingulatus (Panzer, 1797)
Pellenes tripunctatus (Walckenaer, 1802)
Salticus zebraneus (C. L. Koch, 1837)
Heliophanus cupreus (Walckenaer, 1802) Other species found in Britain
Heliophanus flavipes (Hahn, 1832) The following two species have been found in Britain
Heliophanus auratus C. L. Koch, 1835 in recent years, but are not included in the check list
Heliophanus dampfi Schenkel, 1923 because they are unlikely to form part of our natural
Marpissa muscosa (Clerck, 1757) fauna.
Marpissa radiata (Grube, 1859)
Family ULOBORIDAE
Marpissa nivoyi (Lucas, 1846)
Uloborus plumipes Lucas, 1846
Bianor aurocinctus (Ohlert, 1865)
Ballus chalybeius (Walckenaer, 1802) Frequently found in glasshouses where it sometimes forms large
populations,butitisunlikelytosurviveoutofdoorsinBritainasit
Neon reticulatus (Blackwall, 1853)
isasouthernEuropeanspecies.DescribedinRoberts(1998).
Neon robustus Lohmander, 1945
Family PHILODROMIDAE
DescribedfromBritainbySnazell,Jonsson&Stewart(1999).
Neon valentulus Falconer, 1912 Thanatus vulgaris Simon, 1870
Neon pictus Kulczyn´ski, 1891? Found in Britain on several occasions recently (see Wright &
FoundinSussexin1998(A.P.Phillips,pers.comm.)andinKentin Oxford, 1998), but probably imported and there is no evidence of
1999(A.Russell-Smith,pers.comm.).Specimenscorrespondtothe established populations in this country. Occurs mainly in warmer
species usually described as Neon levis (Simon, 1871) in northern climates,andisfrequentlytransportedwithfreight.
Europe, e.g. by Lohmander (1945), but males are different from
specimens of levis from Corsica (the type locality) and probably Spiders of the Channel Islands
correspond to N. pictus from Central Europe (Merrett & Phillips, The following additional species have been confirmed
inprep.). as having been recorded from the Channel Islands but
Euophrys frontalis (Walckenaer, 1802)
not from the British mainland.
Euophrys herbigrada (Simon, 1871)
Pseudeuophrys erratica (Walckenaer, 1826) Family LINYPHIIDAE
[Euophryserratica(Walckenaer,1826)] Sintula retroversus (O. P.-Cambridge, 1875)
This and the following two species were transferred to the genus
Found on Guernsey by R. Snazell (pers. comm.) in 1977, and
PseudeuophrysDahl,1912byLogunov(1998).
recordedhereforthefirsttime.
Pseudeuophrys lanigera (Simon, 1871)
[Euophryslanigera(Simon,1871)] Family LYCOSIDAE
Pseudeuophrys obsoleta (Simon, 1868)
Alopecosa albofasciata (Brullé, 1832)
[EuophrysbrowningiMillidge&Locket,1955]
The close similarity between E. browningi and E. obsoleta was Family DICTYNIDAE
commented upon by Millidge & Locket (1955) and by Locket,
Millidge&Merrett(1974),andbrowningiisconsideredasynonym Archaeodictyna ammophila (Menge, 1871)
ofobsoletabyLogunov(1998).
Talavera petrensis (C. L. Koch, 1837) Family GNAPHOSIDAE
[EuophryspetrensisC.L.Koch,1837] Zelotes civicus (Simon, 1878)
Transferred to the genus Talavera Peckham & Peckham, 1909 by Micaria albimana O. P.-Cambridge, 1872
Logunov,Cutler&Marusik(1993).
Talavera aequipes (O. P.-Cambridge, 1871) Family PHILODROMIDAE
[Euophrysaequipes(O.P.-Cambridge,1871)]
Philodromus pulchellus Lucas, 1846
This and the following species were transferred to Talavera by
Logunov(1992). Family THOMISIDAE
Talavera thorelli (Kulczyn´ski, 1891)
Heriaeus melloteei Simon, 1886
[EuophrysthorelliKulczyn´ski,1891]
DescribedfromBritainbySnazell(1995).
Family SALTICIDAE
Sitticus pubescens (Fabricius, 1775)
Sitticus caricis (Westring, 1861) Heliophanus aeneus (Hahn, 1831)
Sitticus floricola (C. L. Koch, 1837) Heliophanus tribulosus Simon, 1868
Sitticus inexpectus Logunov & Kronestedt, 1997 Dendryphantes rudis (Sundevall, 1833)
[Sitticusrupicola(C.L.Koch,1837)] Pellenes nigrociliatus (Simon, 1875)
Logunov & Kronestedt (1997) showed that the species known in
Britain as S. rupicola is in fact the new species S. inexpectus. S. The following species have also been recorded from
rupicolaisaCentralEuropeanandmoreuplandspecies.
the Channel Islands, but are considered uncertain to
Sitticus saltator (O. P.-Cambridge, 1868)
varying extents:
[Attulussaltator(Simon,1868)]
Transferred to Sitticus by Logunov (1993) by confirmation of its Family ERESIDAE
membership of the Sitticus penicillatus species group. The original
descriptionwasbyO.P.-CambridgeinSimon,1868. Eresus cinnaberinus (Olivier, 1789)