A review of the Old World genus Fopius Wharton (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Opiinae), with description of two new species reared from fruit-infesting Tephritidae (Diptera)

17 Pages·1999·5.5 MB·

J.HYM.RES.
Vol.8(1),1999,pp.48-64
A Review of the Old World GenusFopius Wharton (Hymenoptera:
Braconidae: Opiinae), with Description ofTwo New Species Reared
from Fruit-infestingTephritidae (Diptera)
R.A.Wharton
DepartmentofEntomology,TexasA&MUniversity,CollegeStation,Texas77843
—
Abstract. TwonewspeciesoftheOldWorldgenusFopiusaredescribed:ceratitivonisfrom
KenyaandschlingerifromQueensland,Australia.Bothspecieswererearedfromfruit-infesting
Tephritidae;ceratitivorusfromCeratitisandschlingerifromBactrocera.Detailsareprovidedondif-
ferentiationoftheknownspeciesofFopius,withdiscussionoftheirhosts,hostspecificity,and
distribution.Theparasitoidsoffruit-infestingtephritidsfromKenyaarecloselyrelatedtothose
fromMadagascar.
The most recent comprehensive classi- phous Diptera, and all emerge from the
ficationoftheOpiinaeisthethree-volume pupariumoftheirhosts.Hostsareknown
monograph published by Fischer (1972, for one-third of the approximately 1500
1977, 1987). This collective work estab- describedspecies,withmostoftheserec-
lishedabasisformoreintensescrutinyof ords pertaining to Agromyzidae and Te-
the Opiinae, resulting in several subse- phritidae.AllrearedspeciesofFopiusare
quentmodifications and additionstothe parasitoids ofTephritidae. Summaries of
classification, includingthedescriptionof theliteratureonhostsandbiologyofthe
the Old World genus Fopius (Wharton opiine parasitoids of Tephritidae can be
1987, van Achterberg and Maeto 1990). foundinFischer(1972, 1977, 1987),Clau-
The numerous name changes affecting sen (1978), Wharton and Marsh (1978),
opiine parasitoids of fruit-infesting Te- WhartonandGilstrap(1983),Gilstrapand
phritidae were recently reviewed by Hart (1987), Wharton (1989, 1997a, b).
Wharton(1997b),whoalsoprovidedsug- Messing (1996), Sivinski (1996), and Siv-
gestionsfordelineationofspeciesgroups inskietal.(1997).
within the genus Fopius. Additional Theprimarypurposeofthe workpre-
changes in nomenclature, some of these sentedhereistofacilitateon-goingstudies
affecting opiine parasitoids of tephritids, inbiological control by providingnames
were published by van Achterberg and for two recently discovered, undescribed
Salvo(1997)andQuickeetal.(1997).Keys species. Both species are ofinterest with
to most of the species of Fopius can be respect to tephritid biological controlbe-
foundinWhartonandGilstrap(1983)and causeoftheirpotentialforattackingeggs
Fischer (1987), with both works treating orearly instars, andoneoftheseisana-
the speciesunder the genericname Bios- tive parasitoid oftheMediterraneanfruit
teres. Palacio et al. (1992) provide addi- fly,Ceratitiscapitata(Wiedemann).Theuse
tionalinformationonseparationofmales ofparasiticHymenoptera forthebiologi-
andimmaturesoftwosympatricspecies. calcontroloftephritid pestshasreceived
All opiinebraconidsreared todateare considerable attention in recent years
koinobiont endoparasitoids of cyclorrha- (Knipling 1992, Waterhouse 1993, Head-
Volume8,Number1,1999 49
rickandGoeden 1996, Purcell, 1998),and IDENTIFICATION,RELATIONSHIPS,
there are active programs currently un- HOSTS,ANDDISTRIBUTION
derwayinseveralcountries. PATTERNS
MATERIALSANDMETHODS The tephritid parasitoids in the genus
mons.ifantWsgtepilhr.ete,i,haanlsltlwehefwmepraettosexmpsrceipectapeihlteceisiuomsPwneeaanrodsifosifCnr.eMFtaoGuhprreiseaiddeinesgusfescmrcrrho'limisapitnitfigdryeourpniieas,t esnFlsraooouttpnbeoaiomruuptaalsialriillganyrieemoensxinadtrblpeetyinahctddee,itilhllpnaeyrg(no3dpppRioloosSsebstasultierien<sqorgsiunui2oe,iRorsSlnarh)yise,odhdftgoaoerfnctrrdtvoehsenameneutcllormooataennthl-dg-e-
Tinepahsrsiotciidaatei.onInwitshomvearicoausses,frupita-riansfietsotiidnsg osvoimpao)s.itCohrar(a1c.t3-e4r.5staXteslounsgeefrulthfaornimdeenstoi--
wuthneecroemnarfteiearrrimeaedld,frhhooomswtebvuealsrks,ofcriwuaiattsisonarsme.palreMesdo,sftwriotomhf cfrhyeaicrnoagrcdtssepreascrieetsphrewomivstiehdlevkedsnionawrTneabdtleiepshc1ru,istasiendddhobtseh-te
isolatedpuparia.Inseveraloftherearings low. Eight closely related species for
wfoerreFoipniduisvidcueranltliytiviosroulsa,tedn.prsipo.r, tpouepmaerria- bweheinchinhcosltudreedcoirndsthaeretalbalce.kinTghehatvaeblaelsios
gence. Though this procedure decreases deemed more informative than a dichot-
edwtehniesaStibhpcpleceetcarshitceimecohenonontrssrtaeencomftfderr/otagohmseresnwoncpcheiheiaywctsl(hiiydocuinatedlewospafdcrsaritmimhrabaeegeraeidrwl)eys,adp.setpi-ot inoppsralmerebosymeueeyndsntaottnkaawdelofyrotkrchb,hepeahcrasyaasclucoostwpgeeeeelrnlsiaettnafipdsocrroppavnruaiaorsdlvpsyeioissdissistep,nargnowecflhesiiumtcpihih--en
cieshavebeendepositedinthefollowing identification. More than halfofthe spe-
sBiA(HAIlenrgnaoTcs&ridnnttAisodioMMcbotlCuaruUDuoltno)ltelieoluo,pupeUnra(icsne(lrU:t,iBliBtQveoyPmBernUHBerAn,noMsn)i(in)itc,QvCt,oeDeaylrPAon,HusuIfbPaisl).etwt,uPryrarrBCaiiaoilN(imoilsaHfaalth(DDrnieoAAeyogpNQ)pNneIu,aaaICetrMan)eitlduQ,noumSsusnsteelatNTeanrleaeauttinnxtimeIdsauoson,,s--n,-f stcusftttiieephpnrarepeeeldosshrcc.emribiriieefmtsntsfoehitolendaTarlsanneto.bddywplipaipAesnrenrdpgagodeo1sgicorirtidft(eeiitoistshsoinhsecndcgeusalrsts)clueyosadpuincsieaopopnrnlsebgpelceleaiosucerfektsmsevi.nateantoIdhrgrfenaeweildeanstiwcievohendifoasodtrsfonuhtaeuulaehcnryrler---
urhistorisch Museum, Leiden (RMNH), —
The Natural History Museum, London Cliaracter1. Striatesculptureonthesec-
(BMNH), National Museum of Kenya, ondandthirdmetasomalterga. =stri-
Nairobi, International Centre of Insect aeabsent; 1 = striaepresentontergum
Physiologyand Ecology, Nairobi (ICIPE), 2 only;2 = striaepresenton tergum2
and U.S. National Museum of Natural andatleastbaseoftergum3.Formost
History,Washington,D.C.(USNM). species, assignment of either character
Descriptive terminology followsWhar- state orcharacterstate 1 isunambig-
ton (1987, 1988, 1997b) and Sharkey and uous.Fopiusdeeralensis(Fullaway),how-
Wharton (1997), and is based largely on ever, hasweakstriaeontergum2, and
the works of Fischer (1972). A tabular thesculptureisnotalwaysreadilyvis-
summary is presented rather than a di- ible(seediagnosisfollowingdescription
chotomouskeytofacilitateassessmentof of F. schliugeri, n. sp.). Fopius skiniwri
relationships and point out gaps in our (Fullaway), from thePhilippines, isthe
knowledge. onlyspeciesinwhichstriaeareusually
50 JournalofHymenopteraResearch
Table1. MatrixofcodedcharacterstatesforspeciesinthegenusFopntis(seetextforcharacterdefinition).
Volume8,Number1,1999 51
in members of the F. marangensis (Fi- be so because the petiole is longer in
scher)speciesgroup,asreflectedbyits state1. —
codingin—Table1. Character9. Geographicdistribution. =
Character5. Patternofsculptureand se- continentalAfrica;1 =Madagascar;2=
tae on frons. = densely setose and southernAsia(2a = India;2b = south-
lpeusnccetattoes,otmheedpeugnrceteu,regsivtienngdtihnegatpopecaora-- epaisntes,Asaian,diTnacilwuadni)n;g3In=doJnaepsaina,,ePahsitleirpn-
4a)n,cemiodflitnraenslvoenrgsietluydirnuaglullyosreugloisnee;s(1Fig=. Rtruisbsuitai;on4p=atntoerrtnhseagsitveernnhAeursetrdaolian.otDirse--
transverselystriateandimpunctateover flect the successful introductions of F.
middlehalfoffrons,withdeep,widely arisaniis (Sonan) and F. vaiuienboschi
spacedpunctureslaterally;2= laterally (Fullaway) to Hawaii and arisanus to
amsediinalsltyat(eat1,mobsuttwliatrghelayfuewn,sciurlrpegtuulraerd, ChaCreancttrearl1A0m.e—riCcoal.or of mesosoma. =
very weak wrinkles), midline with largely pale (red, orange, yellow, or
spuhnacrtpatcea,ridneaprbeasssaleldy;al3on=gmsimdoloitnhe,;4im=- bbrroowwnni;sh2-w=hiptael)e;wi1th=lardgaerkblabclkacskpottso
broad, transverse band of deep punc- on mesoscutum and mesopleuron. As-
turesextendingfromocelli toeye, oth- sessment of coloration is somewhat
erwisesmooth; 5 = denselysetoseand problematicduetopostmortemchang-
punctate, the punctures discrete, with es, especially in shadesofred, yellow,
nfoorinsdtiatceati5o,notfherugpousnicttieusreassianrestavteer0y; aplnedteorcaonngtei.nAulusmo,itnhesrheadisesalomfosrtedacformo-m
Chadcaddireecbeeareusvnasrceestatnleile(ttelorFinypivsbse6oiasc.drss—h—pu;aesalra-cP1)nloe(ads=dawttehnpirwsedneacreclhmetldlaaeyiakrn)nlattg.ienhtccrgoeuiaeyl,raniibsfnesaiaarersn.,ne,dtlF.ev.lsi=estraatissuwitoavelalliinlynn- Chacrcdp=riioaaaaellrlcsodektro(ef-rero.vtrsrahaegr1lrd.w1iod.ahaciu—birasglicrehhDsi.h-oanbrnnartuseeohsaaewlrernalxe)ncyt.adeirsbniTvldanawaiabncneodukgenondofbp(fasoopknssetictttnhheineirome)ilrasoeitap.rereli-ey-s
CChhaawoplwaid1lfrrf.eieiienlbaa3stanndgtocctifgggthutt.tioetfthitenellhh,rmcrrelclsoetaeool8essimanm7a.ryti)q.gme—pdru0trleatpo.aseehthSe9nslhRsul-sagaho.ese)1dnlrarl..ntiyitap1o(sgaet)nStetpw;rizighoiveinocr1cpe=adfatmtlslehsli=oplnahygsewrefeonietiinfetringrcidgitosrrgotts)tlesepnhhteeraaa..dictrffpsooetaillT(frnlchsaarhladaagg=oeflet(neeimllialrlyp-op(teslla;e0setwvoo.ptitla8mmihidi1tereecoeoaawyralrdls=Xtole,-eete Chancbpfrbdlftt=raiilaeeaooaepnlaaeracrdn.elywcstlasce,yttouel1ea;e;.erlnlaseret4a=ad3,klmhssc1-r=oa=d2sasenaao.sipriesos—itidsdrttdrdnehtiseiriaeadCrsfpnoscetoolcetnlpiaonneticgeontcrgfnnilicdtlcieofnytaesotysgottldplwurt,uyyetebarebaxaalelparxyne,tlpleeettalieeritleerwnrvneehovnvrigeaadeoanadotdtsrdtidtwhceaioeeonaedpofadarpgisldbsdiicortlistaocariveptnlhralidlialgsosleldgpsyailrugyeot;nlioyte;bsnlar.aiy2tssdt1pTt;opihnAiaoiiis==o-tn-ar1s--
miinnotrTeaerbmlepedair1aa.tleTl,ehle-asspiedrteeidfolleiecntiessdtnaobttyenie1tcsetschsoaadnriinligyn svsteeannttteradli3lf,yf.ebrueStnttatwdeiestghr1eetaisnpdoff2ldaetmvteeernleeoldpymderoernpstraelo--f
wstiadtteh at(wbiadstehinatboatphe),xbmuatyapbpeeartwsicteo oavitproasnistvoerr;seanrdidsgteatensea3ranthde4tripeprofesetnhet
52 JournalofHymenopteraResearch
conditionsforwhichitishypothesized ceae. Both desideratus and ottototiioauus
herethatnodesand/ortransverseridg- have been recorded from undetermined
eshavebeenlost.DetailedSEMworkis species of Dacus in cucurbits (Bridwell
stillneededtoelucidatethesecharacter 1919, Fullaway 1957), and uiger was
statesforma—nyofthespecies. reared from D. humeralis Bezzi (Wharton
Character 13. Approximate ovipositor and Gilstrap 1983). The few remaining
length.Valuesgivenaretotalovipositor publishedrecords(Bridwell1919,Clausen
lengthdividedbylengthofmesosoma. etal. 1965)are fromCeratitisaiiouaeGra-
Accurate measurement of ovipositor hamonMyriauthusarboreus(specimensof
length often requires dissection, which desideratus)andTrirhithrumqueritumMun-
Chawraasctneort1p4o.s—siMbelseofpolresuoramleosfettahee.spec=iesa.t rtoentoantivSterliy/chiidieonstiufsiaendibaasrebnesviissi)(.aAslplecmiemme-n
least some setae present on mesopleu- bersofthisspeciesgrouphavelarge,sub-
rondorsaltothespeculum(thedorsal- apical nodesonthe ovipositor. Based on
posteriorsectionofthemesopleuron);1 comparisons of ovipositor morphology
= setae completely absentabove spec- withspeciesofknownbiology in there-
ulum. lated genusDiachasmimorphaAshmead,it
issuggestedherethatmembersofthede-
Table 1 hasbeen arranged to facilitate sideratusgroupattacklateinstarlarvaeof
identification ofboth species and species their hosts. Members of this group are
groups.Severalofthespeciesgroupsare known from Cameroon, Kenya, Nigeria,
quite distinctive and thus readily recog- Tanzania, SouthAfrica, and Madagascar,
nizable(Wharton1997b),andthesewillbe and undoubtedly occur throughout sub-
treated first in the following discussion. saharanAfrica.Fopiusrubrithorax(Grang-
Sincethefocusofthispaperisonparasit- er) is very similar to the other species
oidsoffruit-infestingTephritidae,F. riifi- mentioned here, despite the reduced
cornis (Granger)and themarangensisspe- sculptureonthefronsandaslightlymore
cies group are not further discussed be- setose ovipositor sheath; and I therefore
cause there are no host records and the placeitasabasalmemberofthisgroup.
species are readily identified using Ta- Thisplacementassumesthatboththere-
ble1. duced setal pattern on the ovipositor
Thedesideratus species group ofFopius sheathandthepatternofsculptureonthe
consistsofbevisi(Brues),desideratus(Brid- fronsofthefiveotherspeciesofthedesi-
well), niger(Szepligeti),ottotomoamis(Ful- deratus group are derived relative to the
laway), and riifotestaceiis (Granger). As conditions in rubrithorax; this remains to
notedbyWhartonandGilstrap(1983),the betestedinamorerigorousfashion.
species of the desideratus group are very ThepersulcatusspeciesgroupofFopius,
similartooneanother.Forexample,riifo- characterized largely by striate sculpture
testaceusisvirtuallyidenticaltobevisi,but onthesecondmetasomaltergum,consists
hasthemesosomaredratherthanyellow ofaltcniatae(Tobias),arisanus(Sonan),car-
or yellow-orange. Unfortunately, few ponn/iae (Silvestri), myolejae (Tobias), per-
specimens havebeen available for study sulcatus(Silvestri),skinneri(Fullaway),and
ofintraspecificvariationinthecolorpat- vaiulenboschi (Fullaway). The species are
terns currently used to differentiate the verysimilartooneanother,butdifferpri-
speciesofthisgroup.Therearepublished marilyincoloration,lengthofovipositor,
host records (summarized by Wharton and configuration of the ovipositor tip.
andGilstrap1983)forallbutriifotestaceiis. Followingtheirsuccessfulintroductionto
Most of the specimens examined were Hawaii duringthebiologicalcontrolpro-
reared from Dacus infesting Cucurbita- gramagainstorientalfruitfly(Clausenet
Volume8,Number1,1999 53
al. 1965), arisaniis and vandenboschi were valve of the ovipositor suggests either a
intensively studied, and much is now sistergrouprelationshiptothepersulcatus
knownabouttheirbiology (withmostof speciesgrouporaparallellossrelativeto
the early literature on arisaiius published thedesideratusspeciesgroup,butthishy-
underthenameOpiiisoophihisFullaway). pothesisneedstobetestedmorerigorous-
Intheirnativerange,centeredaroundMa- ly. Both sili>estrii and ceratitivorus have
laysiaandIndonesia,bothareparasitoids been reared from ceratitine tephritidsin-
oftephritidsinthedacinegenusBactwcera festing coffee, and silvestrii hasalsobeen
Macquart. Unlike skinneri, neither is at- rearedfromDacusbivittatus(Bigot)infest-
tracted to cucurbit-infesting flies. Other ing squash (Steck et al. 1986, Wharton
than the original host records little is 1987). Othermembersofthisgrouphave
knownabouttheotherspeciesinthisspe- notbeenreared. Membersofthesilvestrii
ciesgroup,includingskinneri.Dataonper- speciesgrouphavemuchthesamedistri-
sukaius(typematerialrearedfromB.car- bution pattern as those of the desideratus
i/eae Kapoor)areparticularlyproblematic speciesgroup,andaredifferentiatedfrom
because ofwidespread confusionregard- oneanotherlargelybycolor(silvestriiand
ingtheidentityofthisspeciesduringthe pyknothrorax are dark, longicauda and cer-
Hawaiian oriental fruit fly program, and atitivorusarepale)andovipositorlength.
thesubsequentdescriptionofseveralsub- The remaining three species, caudatus,
species (Fischer 1965). The other species deeralensis, and schlingeri, do not readily
(viz. carpomi/iae, tm/olejae, and alternatae) cluster into distinctive species groups.
havebeen reared, respectively, from try- Identificationofdeeralensisandschlingeriis
petine tephritids in the genera Carpomya discussedbelow underthe diagnosisfol-
Costa, Myoleja Rondani, and Rhagoletis lowing the description of schlingeri; cau-
Loew. Based on the similarities in the datus is readily separated from all other
shapeoftheovipositortip, all speciesin speciesofFopiusbythedistinctivebandof
thisspeciesgrouppreferentiallyattackei- setae and punctures on the frons. Both
thertheeggorearlyinstarlarvaoftheir deeralensisandschlingeriarefromQueens-
host (though all eventually emerge from land,where(asnotedbelowunderthede-
thepuparium).Thisbiology,however,has scriptionofschlingeriandinClausenetal.
only been confirmed forarisanus (attack- 1965)theyhavebeenrearedfromvarious
ingeggs)and vandenboschi(attackingpri- species of Bactrocera in a variety of host
marily first instars). The species of this fruits. Fopius caudatus has thus far been
groupareknownfromPakistanandIndia reared exclusively from ceratitines(Steck
eastthroughIndonesiaandnorththrough etal. 1986). Itisknown from tropicalre-
Taiwan,Japan,andfareasternRussia. gionsofbotheasternandwesternAfrica,
Wharton (1997b) delimited a silvestrii whereithasbeenrearedfromcoffeeber-
species group containing longicauda ries containing theceratitinesTrirhithruin
(Granger), pyknothorax (Fischer), and sil- coffeae Bezzi, C. anonae and C. capitata as
vestrii (Wharton). One of the species de- wellasfromotherfruitscontaininganon-
scribed below, ceratitivorus, also belongs ae.Specifichostrecordsforcaudatusneed
here. This group is currently defined confirmation, in part because of earlier
largelybytheabsenceoffeaturesthatde- confusionregardingitsidentity(Wharton
finethethreespeciesgroupsalreadymen- 1987).Thisspeciesresemblesmembersof
tioned: the clypeus lacks a median tooth the desideratus species group in the mor-
on the ventral margin, the setae on the phology of the clypeus and petiole, but
ovipositorsheatharenotreduced,andthe has a distinctly different ovipositor
second metasomal tergum is unsculp- (strongly narrowed, suggesting oviposi-
tured.Reductionoffeaturesonthedorsal tioninthehostegg)aswellasseveralfea-
54 JournalofHymenopteraResearch
tures unusual for members of the genus DESCRIPTIONS
FoApmsfe(wWhagretnoernal1i9z9a7tbi).ons can be made FopiusceratitsipvoercuisesWharton,new
about hosts and distribution patterns, (Figs.1,2,7,8, 10, 11, 13-15,21)
ewssr1Sttsriepv9ihiooots6aetnemimwt5tcghnner,ileietigewesnchSstr)htetahhoetarfhoerdhoueosetcaeruptkviat,grwceroloehuiehfotnrmfoitdahirranhocitoltueleu.fhseiinyrfrtdtvt1sews.-elb9r,iyec8e(enrRea6unfe.aehek)trnnnaasrgndltgsrv.ereoieuinesvencsgwnteeagaghglvnru(oesetekdsCsrerdoanotltpaeftohnlacfurrtlwsuorsehihpyslrtocaeaedeioctomvnsdfidrnesftrdgai,ehfsocbectenreimbeaartoau1errayilm6tensa..-- btpesbsitfirlusqpehoamhonuaFattmeecaacenwedstlidmre,wanieadetdtbhgrlmiongeraesoeodt.tt;brataiha—eenhdanadHdttrecmnieewepoerescanurettmudngoeaeftema:hmnnrhrslbociaooueoenn1mbftsmne.a,bcot5nplsteu;s5utoeop-tttnnsra1muwcdgut.oti;melt7(prud;eut5esurro1snraneri.nlfcu(s2dlattlt;m5ycgvoiou-,e)raes=1ruree.eleai1dtyl3ixss.aiaeo5t6sbe;wg5tela,raiseHn±efnhbd.mlpcaroob0iootertouu7nwlltens)ttyg,,-rs
rearedfromhostsintwoorthreedifferent longitudinally rugulose along midline,
tribes.Mostoftheknownhostsbelongto highlypolishedandweaklydepressedba-
ttehpehtrriitbiedsCseurbaftaitmiinliyanDdacDiancainei,(bWohtihteinatnhde sdaelelpylyonpuenicthteartesiedleseowfherrueg,ultohseepmaitdclhineo,f
Elson-Harris 1992). Except where they punctures on each side anteriorad ocelli
have been introduced for biological con- usuallymoredenselyspaced,occasionally
trol,membersofthepersukatusgroupoc- withpuncturescoalescent,ocellartriangle
cur outside the range of fruit-infesting almostcompletelymarginedbyacrenulate
Ceratitini, andseveralofthemhavebeen sulcus.Occipitalcarinainlateralviewex-
rearedfromTrypetiniinthetephritidsub- tendingdorsallyfrombaseofmandibleto
familyTrypetinae.Whereintroducedout- a pointjustbelow topofeye. Clypeusin
stta1DHdnaariib9ioaanodd8llatcewTdse1e,lcah)ofh.vtoi(eatslahacroCieoesnicYlgwimdseaaareetretaitseuron,nntiml-snuubaooaicaessocnwrtnotnskahifpnicFaloeithvehoolnnsrleatiptystodeihhilrdauenialVavsosrgp.ftina)ortengpnbfu1amrderoTrie9ceeetuteo6ktni-cfpv5wit(bokh,oign-reorDfdafiseiuWeenblcitntssfaihlhinhteon-aidteisetlmarnrthovehaegiotegtsi,nkadipodTgaivcufeleenana.cecaptnrlgieuheic1eednbprs9etcshi(aae9ortbn6feaniiuout)ooln---fots..fr pvccvlt5(vo3areeolht.fae0monnn0oyrb=xeftth-vspyyr3ri)r3eeeeeal.au.xwausle1l2m,es.idla±nyampstvA0;anwkalipe.ntmolhirmar3titcgytegeyr)edhlseienntdtrysmntnlehlnppplitycaieeaolmomlrecunefaesydb3ksgsonseie1ucef,dnn-llrslcbigel3yagofaobidtp7tainrimglcehgnenlhpseeumaee,tg,ledsaesnlreogsdywtrtdmitltcmseelohaeaelteaeliarlrnomwslsynglksstpiseoyelloevca,d;steieydmcn.h;oe;oedlaswmn2ddeenrtE;c.aiineteoye8r;agawwvmua5eeletieipgl-chlfnddlhi3tioy(lttne.elroa;nsyhdhg8sfytt
Mophfardicatoigndatssi).nceaAnrtlatalhnodAufgrthihcaaatfo(efawsaoddfjoatcheeitnsMtahdroeasggtiaostne-s- fholenaadgd.e.lMlaMoxemiselroleasro0ym.9ap-:a0l.p91s5.2l.t5oi-nm1g.ee3sr5lt(ehmnagn=t1hh.e3io±gf0h.ts0e5co)-f
car elements (notably rubrithorax and es- times longer than high, 1.55-1.7
pecially ruficornis) are unique in several (m=1.65±0.05) times longer than broad.
respects, both rufotestaceusand longicauda Medianlobeofmesoscutumwith2paral-
have their closest known relatives (bevisi lel, rugosopunctate, longitudinal grooves
andceratitivorusrespectively)ontheadja- extendingmorethanhalflengthofmedian
centmainland. lobe, median lobe otherwise setose, with
Volume8,Number1,1999 55
Ffirgosn.s;1-56,.i^cHhleiangdesrioffacFoepnaiinidspcpl.y:pe1usa;nd6,2,liccccrrualtciitiifvisonifsacferoannsdancdlyfpaecue;s3(,msocs/ti/dsieytcanefabcreokaennd),clajrpreousw;=4,amieiidHiiiaHni
projectiononventralmarginofclypeus.
scattered, deep punctures; lateral lobes betweenstrigoseareaandscutellarsulcus
bare and impunctate medially, with nu- with scattered, deep punctures, postero-
merous, relativelylong, inwardlydirected medianareaeitherbroadlyandveryshal-
setaearound margins; notaulibroadening lowly depressed or with a shallow, more
posteriorly, distinctly crenulate through- discrete midpit. Scutellar sulcus broader
out, with pits usually becoming elongate mediallythanlaterally, theposteriormar-
posteromediallywheretheridgesbetween gin with a distinct median excavation;
the pits form a small strigose area; space number of longitudinal ridges in sulcus
56 JournalofHymenopteraResearch
variable. Metanotum with relatively low pointed posteriorly but short, not greatly
median ridge. Propodeum finely, densely attenuate.Ovipositortipweaklynarrowed
rugose,thesculpturewithoutobviouspat- apically,withoutdistinctdorsalnodeorca-
tern; elevated median longitudinal carina rinabutwithweakventralserrations;1.65-
usuallydistinctonlyonanterior0.25-0.35; 1.95(m=1.8±0.1)timeslongerthanmeso-
propodeum laterally not separated from soma; ovipositor sheath densely setose
metapleuronbyawell-definedpleuralca- withmultiplerowsofatleast30setaeeach,
rina, thedemarcationrepresentedonlyby thenumberofrowsdifficulttodistinguish
the transition to the weakly sculptured because of density of setae; sheath 1.35-
dorsalportionofthemetapleuron.Stemau- 1.55(m=1.45±0.05)timeslongerthanme-
lusbroad,deep,crenulatethroughout,ex- sosoma.Color:Pale,yellowtoorange,the
tending posteriorlyroughly0.7timesdis- exacthuedependentlargelyonmannerof
tancefromanteriormarginofmesopleuron preservation;ovipositorsheath,veins,and
tomidcoxa;crenulatesculptureextending stigmabrown;antennabrown,withscape,
dorsally along anterior margin of meso- pedicel, and basal flagellomeres usually
pleuron through subalar depression; pos- yellowt—oorangemedially.Wingshyaline.
teriormargincrenulateventradspeculum, Male. Asinfemaleexcepteye2.9±0.25
butwithunsculpturedsulcusdorsally;me- times longer than temple; antenna 30-35
tsaolplceaurrinaalpdriesscenste,tobsuettvharroiuoguhsloyutd;evpeolsotppeedc.- s1.e2g5me(nmt=ed1;.1p5e±t0i.o0l5e)ntairmreoswleodngaetratphexa,n1a.pi1--
Wing: SHgma 2.7-2.9 (m=2.85±0.1) times cal width, apex 1.6-1.95 (m=1.75±0.1)
longer than wide, with r arising slightly times wider than base; dorsope less dis-
distad its midpoint; 2RS weakly sinuate, tinct.Length:2.0-3.4(9)and1.85-2.9(6)
1.2-1.45 (m=1.3±0.05) times longer than mm. —
3RSa;3RSa1.55-2.5(m=2.1±0.3)timeslon- Hosts. This species has been reared
ger than r; 3RSb ending slightly but dis- fromisolatedpupariaoffruit-infestingTe-
tinctlyanterioradwingtip;(RS-l-M)asinu- phritidae attacking coffeeincentral Ken-
ate;(RS-l-]VI)bpresent,m-cunearlyalways ya.Ithasalsobeenrearedfrombulksam-
arising distinctly basad 2RS; Icu-a incli- ples of coffee. The tephritids from these
vous,usuallypostfurcalrelativetoIMbut samples,inorderofabundance,wereCer-
varying from interstitial to postfurcal by atitiscapitata,C. rosaKarsch,and Trirliith-
0.4timesitslength.Hindwingm-curecli- ruin coffeae. All are members ofthe tribe
vous, straight or very weakly recurved Ceratitini,subtribeCe—ratitina.
nearwingmargin,extendingtowingmar- Material examined. Holotype female,
ginornearlysoaswell-developed,deeply "Kenya: Ruiru C. R. F. 17.IX.1996 ex: te-
impressedcrease,usuallyweaklypigment- phritid on coffee berries Ref. No. CB03"
edanteriorly.Metasoma: Petiole0.95-1.05 Deposited in Kenya National Museum,
(m=1.0±0.05) times longer than apical Nairobi. Paratypes (BMNH, BPBM,
width, apex 1.80-2.15(m=1.95±0.1)Hmes RMNH,HDA,ICIPE,TAMU,USNM):59,
widerthanbase;denselyandfinelystriate; 76,"Kenya:Nairobi20.V.1997ex:Ceratitis
dorsal carinae well-developed over basal capitata, coffee M. Ramadan & R. Mess-
two-thirds, weakerposteriorlybutdistinct ing"; 339, 259, "Kenya E. Province,
to posterior margin, carinae very weakly MbeereDistrMbetisouthRurima30.iv.97
converging,withdistancebetweencarinae ICIPEFruitflyProjectexFruittlyonCoffee
at posterior margin roughlyequal to dis- berries"; 19, 16, "Kenya: Ruiru 15mi
tance to lateral margin; dorsope present NNE Nairobi 10.iv.l995 ex: coffee No.
but not extending basally as a deep pit. CB05 ICIPE Collections"; 19, "Kenya:
Metasoma unsculptured beyond petiole. WesternProv.Koruiv.l995ex.Coffeaca-
Hypopygium strongly narrowed and neophora CAB Collections" and, 16
Volume8,Number1,1999 57
Figs.7-10. fi);iii(sspp.:7,ccratitiz\^n(^head,arrows=topofoccipitalcarinaancJmid-dorsalelevationof
clypeus;8and10,cernlitivonisdorsalviewofmesosoma;9,schliiigeridorsalviewofmesosoma.