A remarkable new Euptychia Hubner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae) from the Amazon basin of Peru and Colombia

2015·3.3 MB·English

by  Shinichi Nakahara

The Journal Volume 48: 59-63
of Research
on the Lepidoptera
ISSN 0022-4324 (print)
THE LEPIDOPTERA RESEARCH FOUNDATION. 17 October 2015_ISSN 215^5457 (onune)
A remarkable new Euptychia Hiibner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae:
Satyrinae) from the Amazon basin of Peru and Colombia
Shinichi Nakahara'*, Jean-Francois Le Crom^and Gerardo Lamas^
'McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural Histoiy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FI. 32611, USA.
-Calle 61 N° 37-31 Bogota, Colombia.
(cid:9632)’Mu.seo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Apartado 14-0434, Linia-14, Peru.
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
Abstract. A new species oi'Euptychia Hubner, 1818, from the Amazon basin of Peru and Colombia,
E. juanjoi sp. nov., is described. This new species has a unique wing pattern compared to other
members of the genus, but is placed in Euptychia due to the presence of a projection of the tegumen
over the uncus in the male genitalia.
Resumen. Se describe una nueva especie de Euptychia Hnbner, 1818, de la cuenca del ,-\mazonas de
Peru y Colombia, E. juanjoi sp. nov. Esta nueva especie muestra un patrdn alar unico conqrarado
con los otros miembros del genero, percj se incluye en el genero Euptychia por la proyeccion del
tegumen sobre el uncus en la genitalia del macho.
Key words: Euptychiina, new species, taxonrjiny, white-sand forest.
Introduction (Brevignon, 2005; Freitas et al, 2012; 2013; Neild et
al, 2014; Nakahara et al, 2014), although it appears
Euptychia Hubner, 1818 is a speciose genus that there are more taxa awaiting description than it
within the poorly known nymphalid subtribe has been previously thought.
Euptychiina and represents the oldest generic This article is part of a series in which the first
name for the subtribe (Lamas & Nakahara, 2015). author, together with various colleagues, intends to
After its description, Euptychia was treated by some describe Euptychia species from the Amazon basin and
authors (e.g. Butler, 1867; Weymer, 1910-1911) in the Gtiianas. General information about the genus,
a broad sense to include many other euptychiine including distribution and diagnostic characters, can
species which are now no longer placed in Euptychia be found in the first paper of the series (Neild et al.,
(Lamas, 2004). The catalogue by Lamas (2004), 2014). During the preparation of this particular paper,
which has been considered as the basis of current the first author (SN) noticed a unique euptychiine
Neotropical butterfly classification, listed 13 valid and species illustrated in Pinzon (2009), which seemed to
16 undescribed species in Euptychia. Some of these be a member of Euptychia based on its wing pattern. The
latter species have been described in the meantime first author subsequently dissected two male specimens
such that currently this genus includes 18 valid species of this taxon and confirmed that it was an undescribed
species, as had been previously recognized by Lamas et
al. (2003) and Lamas (2004). This species is described
* Corresponding author. herein and placed in the genus Euptychia.
Material and methods
Received: 16 June 2015
Accepted: 17July 2015
We examined the morphology of Euptychia
specimens from the following three collections:
Copyright: This work is licensed under the Creative Commons
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License. To JFLC- Jean Frangois Le Grom collection, Bogota,
view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/
Colombia
licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons,
MGCL—McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiveraty,
171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105,
USA. Florida Museum of Natural History, Florida, USA
60 J. Res.Lepid.
Figure 1. Euptychia juanjoisp. nov. Top row (dorsal view on left, ventral view on right): male holotype with labels; bottom row
(dorsal view on left, ventral view right): female allotype with label. Scale bar = 10 mm.
MUSM — Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Taxonomy
Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
Euptychia juanjoi Le Crom, Nakahara Be Lamas, sp. nov.
The abdomens of two Peruvian males in MUSM (Figs. 1, 2)
were dissected to observe genitalic structures.
Female genitalia could not be examined because Euptychia sp. n. 4: Lamas et at, 2003: 12.
the abdomen of the only female specimen was Euptychia [n. sp.] Lamas, MS: Lamas, 2004: 219 [# 1319].
damaged. Abdomens were prepared using standard Euptychiina sp.: Pinzon, 2009: 4.
techniques, being soaked in hot 10% KOH for 5-10
minutes before dissection and stored in glycerol after ZooBank LSID: urn:lsid;zoobank.org;act:6F950E4B-7D24-4F57"
dissection. External morphology and dissections B31D-E91EA81708FC
were studied using a stereomicroscope and
photographed using digital cameras. Terminology Wing venation: Most of forewing subcostal vein swollen; base
of cubitus barely so; forewing recurrent vein present in discal cell;
for genital and abdominal structures follows Klots
hindwing humeral vein not discernible. Wing shape: Forewing
(1956), except for the term ‘aedeagus’, where we snbtriangular, costal margin convex, outer margin almost
follow Pena & Lamas (2005). Nomenclature for straight, inner margin straight, but rounded towards thorax near
wing venation follows the Comstock-Needham base; hindwing slightly elongate, rounded, outer margin slightly
rounded, inner margin slightly concave near tornus, anal lobe
system described by Miller (1970), and areas and
convex, slightly round.
elements of the wing pattern follow Pena Be Lamas
Dorsal surface: Ground colour light lilac-brown, distally
(2005) and Neild (2008). darker, translucent, thus subtly revealing ventral dark bands and
48: 59-63, 2015 61
ocelli (Fig. 1). Ventral surface: ground colour pale greyish-brown,
slightly darker on hind wing; both wings with several dark-brown
transverse bands with subtle orange overtones.
Ventral forewing: Dark-brown band extends basally along
swollen subcostal vein from radius to wing base; dark-brown,
straight discal band extends from radial vein, crossing discal cell in
a slightly inward diagonal direction, running in a slightly outward
diagonal direction below cubital vein, and fading away before
B
touching vein 2A; dark-brown postdiscal band almost parallel
to discal band, relatively broad except between radial vein and
recurrent vein in discal cell, extending from radial vein towards
inner margin until reaching vein 2A; narrow disjunct band along
discocellular veins mj-m^ and m,-mj; postmedial band dark-brown, Figure 2. Male genitalia of paratype of E. juanjoi sp.
somewhat broad, faint, extending along postmedian; thin, dark nov. A: lateral view (dotted line of the uncus is drawn
grey submarginal band sinuate; marginal band undulating, same based on a second specimen); B: anterior end of valvae
color as, but slightly thinner than, submarginal band; fringe in dorsal view.
brownish; ocellus in cell M^, extending across veins Mj and M,,
black with one white pupil in center, surrounded by two concentric
creamy-yellow rings, outer ring forming small satellite ring in cell
(MUSM); IcJ: Peru: Loreto, Z[ona] R[eservada] Allpahuayo-
M,; cell Mg with whitish reniform marking containing smaller,
Mishana, 170m, 03®58’S, 73®25’W, 30.XL2001, J-J- Ramirez,
concolorous reniform marking with dark-grey border; orange
Varillal seco II, 0358/7326 (genitalic dissection vial prepared:
patch in cell Cuj.
SN-14-20), (DNA sample SN-MUSM-06) (MUSM); Ic? same data
Ventral hindwing: Regular dark-brown band near the
as holotype (MUSM).
wing base; discal band equally wide as forewing band, slightly
Etymology. We dedicate this specific epithet to Juan Jose
paler, nearly straight; postdiscal band parallel to discal band,
Ramirez, who is the third author’s good friend and who collected
concolorous, slightly wider, with orange markings of varying
three specimens of this taxon, including the holotype. Juan Jose
length along posterior third; broad, faint, indistinct dark band
Ramirez is from Iquitos, Peru, where the holotype is from, and
covering most of median and postmedian; submarginal band
his nickname is Jtianjo’.
undulate, gradually broadening towards tornus, posterior one-
Diagnosis. Euptychia juanjoi can be distinguished externally
third orange, occasionally fused to postdiscal band in cell 2A;
from other Euptychia species by the presence of the whitish
marginal band black, undulate, much thinner than submarginal
band; fringe brownish; cells Mj and CUj each with a ringed, reniform marking in cell Mg of ventral forewing. In addition,
submarginal ocellus identical in appearance to forewing ocellus; the combination of the following characters can also be used: 1)
ocellus in cel! extends across vein M,,; cell Mg with creamy-yellow orange patch in cell Ctij of ventral forewing; 2) creamy yellow ring
reniform marking; oblong, creamy-yellow ring spanning most of surrounding ocellus in cell Mj of ventral forewiug, also forming a
submargin, enclosing both ocelli and reniform marking. satellite small ring in cell M^; 3) creamy-yellow ring surrounding
Genitalia (Fig. 2): Tegumen appears subtriangular in lateral ocellus in cell M^ of ventral hindwing, forming a satellite small
view, dorsally flattened, approximately half the length of uncus, ring in cell M, and in cell Rs; 4) creamy yellow ring surrotindiug
with conspicuous posterior projection above uncus, visible in ocelltis in cell Ciij of ventral hindwing, forming a satellite reniform
lateral view; uncus narrow, long, without setae, slightly hooked, ring in cell Mg with an inner creamy yellow reniform marking; 5)
tapered posteriorly, appears subtriangular in dorsal view; gnathos orange patch on torntis of ventral hindwing.
absent; combination of ventral arms from tegumen and dorsal Variation. The size of the ventral hindwing toriial orange
arms from saccus straight; appendices angulares absent; saccus patch varies; two specimens have this orange patch fused to the
approximately two-thirds length of uncus, juxta present; valvae orange patches covering the postdiscal band, whereas the orange
sparsely setose, at approximately 30® angle to horizontal; basal patches remain separate in the remaining four specimens in the
half ofvalva appears subrectangular in lateral view, ventral margin type series. Also, the degree to which the tornal orange patch
convex, dorsal margin concave, distal half narrow with rounded covers the submarginal band varies.
apex, interior portion of apex projects inwards in a hook-like Distribution (Fig. 3). Currently known from three localities
shape; aedeagus straight, elongate, approximately as long as valve, in the Amazon basin: Allpahuayo-Mishana Reserve and Rio
tubular, posterior third relatively narrow, broadening anteriorly Aguas Negras, both in Loreto, Peru, and Amazonas Department,
and open anterodorsally, cornuti absent; ventral surface of anal Colombia. Four specimens were collected in the Allpahuayo-
tube weakly sclerotized. Mishana Reserve, one in the Rio Aguas Negras, and two in
Female is similar to male, except as follows: Both forewing Colombia. However, one of the Colombian specimens was not
and hind w’ings slightly wider and rounder, ground color paler, analysed and is thus excluded from the type series because the
ventral bands reddish. collector indicated it was in very poor condition (J. Pinzon, pers.
Holotype: S (FW length: 15.5 mm) Peru: Loreto, Z[ona] comm.) Because only three sites are known to us, we are unable to
R[eservada] Allpahuayo-Mishana, 170m, 03®58’S, 73®25’W, accurately estimate the full geographical range of E. juanjoi.
I. XII.2001, J.J. Ramirez, Varillal seco II, 0357/7325 (genitalic Habitat. J.J. Ramirez (pers. comm.), who collected the
dissection vial prepared: SN-14-3), in MUSM. holotype in the Allpahuayo-Mishana Reserve (Peru), reports
Allotype: 9 (FW length: 12 mm) Colombia: Amazonas, that, although this white-sand forest is usually an open space with
Corregimiento La Pedrera, Cairo Curare, Comunidad de Curare, sunlight and sparse leaf litter, there are some areas with tall trees
Resguardo IndigenaCurare-Los Ingleses (1°18’50”S, 69°45’18”W), that consequently receive very little sunlight. Euptychia juanjoi
J. Pinzon leg., 23.-25.IX.2004, in JFLC. flies in these areas, in the lower understory, and may sometimes
Paratypes: FW length: 13.5-15.5mm (n=4). IcJ: Peru: Loreto, be confused with species of Mesoseynia (Riodinidae) when on
Rio Aguas Negras, 150m, 0®31.38’S, 75®15.4rW, 3.III.1994, R. the wing. The Ri'o Aguas Negras locality includes a mosaic of
K. Robbins (MUSM); IcJ: Peru: Loreto Z[ona] R[eservada] inundation forest and white-sand forest similar to that found
Allpahuayo-Mishana, 170m, 0358/7325, 30.XI.2001, L. Campos in Allpahuayo-Mishana. Regarding the Colombian specimens’
62 J. Res.Lepid.
Figure 3. Map showing collecting localities (blue triangles) for E.juanjoi sp. nov.
locality, J. Pinzon (pers. comm.) notes that the forest is typical to lack the prominent sclerotized region of the S'**
of black-water inundation forests of the Amazon basin, with a
abdominal segment (located on both sides) which is
relatively tall closed canopy (~15iti) and thick litter layer on the
seen in many other females of euptychiine species.
ground. One of the specimens was collected on the northern
edge of the river while the other was collected on the southern Assessing the status of this character in a female E.
edge; the northern edge was quite swampy with very soft ground juanjoi would support its placement in Euptychia.
at some places and very thick understory, whereas the southern
It is very difficult to determine the systematic
edge was on higher ground with much sparser understory, but
still had a closed overstory (~20 m tall). placement of E. juanjoi within Euptychia because this
species does not closely resemble any other in the
genus; it has numerous characters that are hardly seen
Discussion
in other congeners. Despite its unique appearance,
This species should be placed in Euptychia based the male genitalia of it. jaanyoi somewhat resemble that
on the presence of a conspicuous projection of the of E. mgte Weymer, 1911, which is a more widespread
tegumen above the uncus, of a recurrent vein in the species known from the eastern Andes and also from
discal cell of the forewing, and by the absence of basal the western Andes and Central America. Both species
swelling of forewing cubital vein. The first character have similarly shaped valvae, with a rectangular basal
is considered diagnostic by several authors (Freitas et half and slightly curved, narrow distal half.
al, 2012; Neild et al, 2014; Nakaliara et al, 2014), and Concerning the Colombian locality of E. juanjoi
the latter two are shared by all members of the genus the collector notes that “This is a ‘small’ black-water
although they are present in some other euptychiine river that flows from the south into the Caqueta
species too (S. Nakahara, pars, observ.). We were (Japura) river about 20km upriver west from the town
not able to examine the female genitalia of E.juanjoi, of La Pedrera and perhaps a couple of kilometers from
although it would be very interesting to see whether the native community of Curare. The area where I
this species has a sclerotized ‘ring’ located at the base collected these specimens was a few kilometers up
of the 8'*’ abdominal segment, developing from the the Cano Curare within a km from the river margins
lamella antevaginalis. This character has been seen during the dry season, most of which is flooded during
in the female genitalia of all Euptychia species that the rainy season, particularly close to the Caqueta”
exhibit a tegumen projection in the male genitalia. In (J. Pinzon, pers. comm.). The Allpahuayo-Mishana
addition, female genitalia of Euptychia species appear reserve, where four Peruvian specimens are from, is
48: 59-63. 2015 63
classified as a white-sand forest growing on white-sand Butler, A.G. 1867. A monograph of the genus Euplychia, a
soil, locally known as ‘Varillal’, which is recognized numerous race of butterflies belonging to the family Satyridae;
with descri|)tions of sixty species new to science, and notes to
as a distinctive forest type (Lamas et al, 2003; Fine
their affinities, etc. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of
et al., 2010). Floristic study of this white-sand forest London 1866(3): 4.58-504.
revealed that its plant diversity is significantly lower Fine, P.V.A., R. G.\Rc:i.vViLL.u:oRrA, N.C.A. Pitm.vn, I. Mesones &
compared to non white-sand forests, although 61% S.W. Kembel. 2010. A floristic study of the white-sand forests
of Peru. Annals of the Mi,ssouri Botanical Garden 97(3):
of white-sand forest plants are considered endemic
283-305.
or facultative specialists (Fine et al., 2010). Similar Freitas, A.V. L., N. Wahlberg, P. F. M.vros-MAR.A\'i, M. A. Marin &
results have been reported by comparing the white- O.H.M. Mif.lke. 2012. Euptychia boulleti (Le Cerf) n. comb.
sand forests to terra fir me forests in the upper Rio (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae), a rare and endangered
butterfly from Southeastern Brazil. Neotropical Entomology
Negro, Brazil (Stropp et al., 2011). Although there
41(6): 461-467.
have been several new discoveries of avifauna in this Freitas , A.V.L., E.P. Barbosa, J.P. Santos & O.H.H. Mif.lke. 2013.
white-sand forest (e.g. Alvarez & Whitney, 2001), its A new genus, Atlanleuptychia gen. nov., for Euplychia erneslinn
butterfly fauna is still incompletely known. Similar (Lepidoptera:Nymphalidae: Satyrinae). Zoologia 30(6):
661-668.
white-sand forests are also present in Colombia,
Klots, A.B. 1956. Lepidoptera, pp. 97-111. hr. 'fiixen, S.L.
Venezuela, Brazil, and the Guianas (Fine etal., 2010). (ed.) Taxonomists’s glossary of genitalia in insects. Ed. 2.
It will therefore be interesting to see whether E.juanjoi Munksgaard, Copenhagen.
also occurs in these other white-sand forests and to Lam.as, G. 2004. Nymphalidae. Satyrinae. Euptychiina, Checklist:
Part 4A. flesperioidea - Papilionoidea, 439 pp. In\ Meppner,
further investigate the butterfly fauna of this unique
J.B. (ed.). Allas of Neotropical Lrpidaptern. Volume .5A. Association
forest type. for Tropical Lepidoptera & Scientific Pitblishers, Gaine.sville.
Lam as, G., L. Campos & J.J. RtMiREZ. 2003. Mariposas de la
Zona Reservada Allpahuayo-Mishana, Iquitos, Loreto, Peru
Acknowledgements
(Lepidoptera: flesperioidea y Papilionoidea). Instituto de
Investigacion de la,Amazonia Pentana, Iquitos, 29 pp.
We thank Paola Aiicajiina (MUSM) for lielp, Jaime Pinzon Lam.as, G.. & S. Nakaiiara. 2015. Nomenclatural status otEuplychia
(Colombia/Canada) and Juan Jose Ramirez (Peru) for woZ/fiirt Hiibner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae).
information regarding the habitat of E. juanjoi, Elena Ortiz Zootaxa 3946(4): 587-590.
(MGCL) and Fernanda Checa (MGCL) for helping the first author Miller, L.D. 1970. Nomenclature of wing veins and cells. Journal
with Spanish translation, and David Plotkin (MGCL) for reviewing of Research on the Lepidoptera 8(2): 37-48.
the manuscript. The first author would like to thank all the staff N.AK.AHARA, S., S.A. FR.ArELLO & D.J. H.ARVFV. 2014. A new s]tecies of
and students at the MUSM for their generous support during his EuplychiaWhhner, 1818 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae:
visit in July 2014. Satyrini) from Mount Roraima, Guyana. Zootaxa 3881(3):
291-300.
Neild, A.F.E. 2008. The Butterflies of Venezuela. Part 2:
Editor’s note
Nynqthalidae II (Acraeinae, Libytheinae, Nymphalinae,
Ithomiinae, Morphinae). A comprehensive guide to the
The electronic edition of this article has been registered identification of adult Nymphalidae, Papilionidae, and Picridae.
in ZooBank to comply with the requirements of the amended Meridian Publications, London. 275 pp.
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). This Neu.d, A.F.E., S. N.AK.AH.AR.A, S.A. Frateli.o & D.J. Harvey. 2014. A
registration makes this work available from its electronic edition. new species of Ei//tl’yf/H'rtHubner, 1818 (Nym]5halidae: Satyrinae:
ZooBank is the official registry of Zoological Nomenclature Satyrini) from the /Vmazon basin and the Guianas. Tropical
according to the ICZN and works with Life Science Identifiers Lepidoptera Research 24(1): 4-9.
(LSIDs). The LSID for this article is: urn:l.sid:zoobank. Pena, C. & G. Lam.as. 2005. Revision of the butterfly genus
org:pub:16833DF3-B6DA-4C32-81BA-58()09651F492. Registration ForsterinariaGray, 1973 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae, Satyrinae).
date: September 4th, 2015. This record can be viewed using any Revista Peruana de Biologfa 12(1): 5-48.
standard web browser by clicking on the LSID above. Pinzon, J. 2009. Mariposas del bajo Rio Caqueta y Apaporis
(Amazonia colombiana). Nymphalidae: Satyrinae. Online
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