A redescription of the Australian Eocene fossil monocotyledon Petermanniopsis (Lilianae: aff. Petermanniaceae)

7 Pages·1999·3.2 MB·English

by  John G Conran

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A REDESC RIPTION OF THE AUSTRALIAN EOCENE FOSSIL MONOCOTYLEDON
ri<TERMA\N10PSIS (LILIANAE: Al E PETERMANNIACKAE)
b\ John G. Co\ran & David C. Chri.stoijhij.
Summary
<'o\i:an. J (i. & Cuuisioi'iiw.. D, (', i |nnn» A redeseripuon of the Australian l.oeene fossil monoeoivlcdon
^iT'hfnevufmoststiilnpmsoinsocilotiIykmlie.-dh*o:n.ifPf.tfPctlrerminu:*mnnnuU«J^LUrj|tL*inJ,gTkm'iMtcHt-fMn-mSCnor.iuSanAU#M.<//.12w3a(^s1.kn01o-w6n7.p3r!evMiaoyu..^I'o)'n*l')y iumi a
single incomplete mtimmirted leal from the Site II Ljils B ofthe Atlelescu Cool Mtl»e fossil deposit. Vietoru.
lite iccoenition ofthree additional leal impressions will) cuticles from Ihc Site I Mcsophyll and SitO II UcrHj B
lenses hi Anglesey ull.ows torrhc amendment ofliie original description to include ilio leal apex ami estimates
ill si/c and etilienlar variability. The leases are confirmed as aeindrouuius. with iieuiniiUile apices and u short
drip dp. The usefulness ofthe unusual marginal venation in pJtHertttdffithiifsh us an identifying leu!itre is also
discussed. In addition, the sioniutu are htachyparaevtic and amprubraehypniaeytic. rather than anomoeyite, as
ivpoited previously.
Kt.V V\nr:os; f'ih iitt(iiuiit>{>si\ tiniestunni\- monocotyledon, macrolossil. I'oeetie Auylcsea Vicloiiu.
Ailvtr.ih.i
Introduction
Fhc fossil net-veined monocotyledon Pcla-
ntttttniitpsis angicwfit/iibi.s Cnnran **t ul, is known
frxrm a partial munuiiilicd luaJ recovered from Site II
Lens B al the Alc^oa An<-'lesea locitlilv in Victoria
13x 15! s. Ms E; Fi| i) in a late MWid4dlhe
r.oecne lossililetous clay lens (Conran ct al,
The ecology ot this deposit has been described by
Christophel ctal. { 1987). Subsequent examinationof
thecollectionsoffossilised leafcompressionsheld at
the University 01 Adelaide Botany Department
paleobotany collection (ADU) revealed the
presence of UH additional three specimens referable
lo this laxon; two from the Site II I.ens B and one
from the Site I Mcsophyll Lens. All of these
specimens showed culicnlar preservation, and two
were more or less complete leaves. This enables the
amendmentofthedescription for /* (Wgtesi'aUwft to
include information about the leafapex dnd lo verify
attd/oi expand die range of variation seen in the
atehiicetural and culicnlar features used lodefine the
laxon. As the specimens were from a number of
ddfereoi tenses from Pie original, il also allows for
furthercomirienl on Ihc natureofthe communities in
which /' unfilexcttCnsis occurred.
Materials and Methods
Fossil lamina frauments were removed from the
5DQt0f5,pwmon 0l BotUI». fl* I fflVBfW &1 flMMi Mm\te pi-der'iveMd:if'1ro<nmmCvhir"iCslothpehellociaflitttyL (oflJSt7he».Angelsea deposit
I ii CONRAN ,V l» r CIIKKIOI'lll-l
I ly. J..l'ttinunimn>t>M.\ nttx!tjst-<u'!tit.\ sjwwitrwns.A Site II \/cnV\ K. |{W? IS. Site II l-eu* Ij. HJHH. (' sir-- I M-wphvli
I mi-. M.tii.i I D. EbonucViic Lens.-JO_. All in jiuHc'JSiud ••tuks
-
M
kl.IINSCRIPTION OF /7 7/ NMANNHWSfS
conipivssRiiis. macerated in hoi 2% w/v II G> (0 Genus fatermuttttiopntl ( Lilian cl nf
remove any mesophyll. ami the remaining cuiieular Type species; Peterrmmniopxitf itnaU'scaensis Con-
material cleaned .mil prepared by (he methods oC ran et (//.
Chrislophel & l.ys (3986), Leal compression and
cuticle vouchers ofthe ta\a were deposited ai ADC l\tvtnutttnt(>('M\ Courait '7 <<l
Mounted cuticles weiv examined and photographed
under Nomurski differential interference eontrasl Kcvi.setldvsvriphtm
optics microscopy using a Zeiss photomicroseope Leaf simple, entire, symmetrical: shape ovate
Leal' morphology, venalion architecture am elliptical: size notoplnll-mesophyll; ape* tapering,
epidermal cells and euiicles were describe acuminale-allenuale wilh shorl diip-lip. base acute,
following die erileria outlined In Dilchcr i l°74|. tapering into a petiole, Venation acrodromous wilh
Wilkinson [19791, Cfonover (1983, IW|), anc seven primary veins(midribplus 3 setsol paired first
Baranova < 1c)92). Leaf si/e class and rainforest order laterals), the innerthree noticeably stronger, all
classification follows (hut ofWebb ( 11*591 veinsweakening markedly towards leal apex. Midrib
straight. Secondary veins solitary, curved, more or
Systematies less regularly spaced between primaries, ifll-
hianched, emerging nasally from primary vein* at a
The description formal follows that of Conran ct low angle (l>20") above petiole. Intcrsccondaries
uL (1494). Specimen numbers refer to the AI>1_ lew. simple. Tertiary veins random relieululc-
palaeohoionical colleciion. hranched percurreiit with external looping from
Superordcr; Order Lilnmae; Liliales marginal primaries and secondaries. Sub-marginal
family iimrttw \ftdh '{(! Pelermann fimbria! vein piesent. with small dicraeoid (V-
uiceae Hutch- ct Smilacaccae shaped) veinlets along its length extending outwards
Vent. towards margin (l7iii_3). Areoles indistinct with \\vc-
*
«v,
*
e
% Wiuiioii detail showingdicrueoid marginal buuicltmg. A, Site fl I.ens It 2n<>0thok.ivpc). p. Site II Lens B 4DH7
inner. Scale hurs = ^ mm,
hr+Jbni.'Hjfd vein cn<lines. Loaves hvpOlttonHllii moleuilai se*|(ieiKiii'j. the placemcnl oldie Pclemi
;>loituilu scattered, level vviili epidermis, oricnlalion anniaeeae ami us alleyeil allies \s t|nes|ionatili'
random: stomalal rumple* Imjllt\pairicyiic. beyond its allocaiion io the LilKiiiac. I.ilialc-
sometimes amphibaiehvpaiacvtie (v.l*. Hjy, AP). p(tssihly nearthe Smilacuccae (Chase ft(if: l°05a h)
Abaxtul nou siomalal cells Willi slratglit LO sirongly The new tnssils bitlh sM|>pnii (he leC'tL'ii'lion ul t*.
| I;i i.uitlin.,1 W$\\k adaXial Cell* -1iyh11> smaller atti]tr\i'Lii!tt,si\ as a (axon distinct from l^twvitWitAmw
Willi straight lo moderately curved anticlinal walls; imil eonfum Hie ohseivatain by Coman et *//. (
all iioii-slomatal porichuul walls without urnil that the leaves were probably acrodromous. Mi.
inciiiaii(tn. Trichomes. uichomc buses and by precise naimv o\' the wn.tltnti .een in Ihc..- itel
il.ilhode*. absent veined monoeots is also under review, wilh I'ol-.
< |4W1H HftB) relerrinv: n) ihe aciodromoiis iMliltTpl
ft risnMtHintp*U tmxh'*nti?bsi,\ tiomwi w »//. primary veins describeJ by Conovci ( h)S3i ;i>
(I IGS 24) ictavscmiML', al least in Rit)o#fll\tiM Mtttnhn.s I, R. &
<I I oisi., a Irue hroehidodromous first tm.let
[9V4i t'ftittimHuif'fsi.s tift\>U\ij(ii;n\{\ C onran c'/ venation pattern. Nevertheless, the presence in all 1>I
.,/, //u. 7 /'/ :•;,/ 155 Nlo M27il994u the f,eirritt<inni<>iisis fossils of clear acrotlronuu^
second order venation supports the acrodromou*
classific.Mioti ul tiu- puncuv veiinmm bv fmirau n
ul. \ lUi>4). The marginal veualum seen in the fossils
KfttfoQ-pHi API' Z&UOA IFig. *AJ. Kite II Lens B. ts bulh a general fealure tUM\ Due apparently unujue
Alo»a upon cm coal mine. Anglesca. Vic. t). C amoii'jsi die net-veined monocols. The dieraeokl Iicl-
( l<n\ti>phct \.n Nov. 11>S7. veiulcts cxtcnJing out from the sub marginal lim-
fwiiil veiit are aKo not loimd m anv othermembers o(
hoOfx s [CUtictc specimens) AlHi 2N)0B & 2WUC iTlin jtjroup, and could t>e a useful characler lor Ihr
iFigh 4A. B), Site II Lens B. Alcoa open cul coal idcniilicaiiou of I>a<:mentaly PcHtrmtiilHtopxiS
mine- Ani'lc .e;i Vie* I) C. Chrismpiut s.ti., Nov. remams.
rbere is similar varialmn in the Mom;ii;ii
eiassdicatinn ofthese net veined I.ihanac Allhoitgh
Other iHttttrnil tixamtitatft r\t)V Mono I (I ics ZC, Tomhuson *t Avensu (1469), Oahlyren & Clifford
4MPi.me.(').An.jSijtleesIeaM.esVoipch.ylDl ICe,nsC.liA/li\chofai>lonplens.iclu.lNeoova.l Ct ol'n)tX2ain. Dc/ttthilt^rielnW-cl/}.//v.arIiHo)uKs5l>y. dCe*)siciroivbeet ithIeWe1til,iiaelneds
I*)87; aim: 4087 (fifes 2A, ?& 4C\ D^ Site u i a* "I most neivemed laxa as aiiomocylic tincludine
K, AlOOfl "pol cut cital mine. Atn/lesca. Vie.. /'. C. Stnihn, Pcnitnaiwiit and rc'icnnanniopsis), Qtipal
ChrMfjphcl utu Nov. I9«7; Al>U toss fpig 2H), 8t ka/a (19921 euiisideivd XmitttX to be pre-
Site |[ Lens (V Alcoa open cul coal mine. Angles. dominuuily paracytic anil "trieylie". Stebbins &
Vic /-'. C ( hnstoplh'l s ti,. Nov. I9K7; Al)l< 41?: Khusb i I9nl i rcLiarded the stomala' comf)!*^ in the
(Figs 10, 4Cjk H> I-heiiaceae Kens, Aleo.i open CU1 inuiiiKuis in be a stable, laxoiiomieally uselul
coal mmc, Atu-dcscu, Vic, P. C\ (htislophel .v.//,, lealurc. allhoiigh Tomlinsoti ((9744 argued lli.u ii
Nov. [987. should only be used ill UTnjllllUriUU with othct
niorphotogiLal characieiisttes. Dikhet 1974) ob-
1
AYc/.wv/<lt'urif>in>n seiveu' thai the siomalal complex was generally
I eaf ovale-elliptic at leuM 12-13.5 cm lemg and iinaflected by the environment, allhoueh several
.V5-.S.5 em wide. Ape\ aciimmalc-alletuiale with a different types could sometimes be hnind on the
Shotl drip lip; aptcil angle. 22-24 . H.ise anile, husul same leal, 'litis condition, although rare (Uaranova
auylc 55-70\ lapcnii'j inlo a pcliole. I:pidermai cell le>l>2», is Known for the net-veined monocol
walls oi both surfaces curved lo straight, although Diostortu wnitti Pd & Blllk. vvhieh has paiaevoe
die ubuxial cells are generally larger and mure amsocyiie and siuurocytic stomala in addition to die
strongly curved. Ahaxial epidermal cells (15-40 x moa*common anomoeylicpallcrn (flpadhyay 19M7),
1I M3-225 pfjmin;(mmeeaann 2205\x1251uunmu).;Gaudaarxdiaclelclesll3s2-133K-2v57x sAtsomiatliasinnoftrtpomsnstiwbnlientl^oisst,udiyelltshaessoonctioagteednyniolfh t\\h\\e
Kl um (mean 34 x v uni). sU>malnl aperlures 15- IS v stom;itid complex can only be dallied pre
7 10 um (mean 17 x N pm). ilonimantlv into pallerns eofrCspiJndilUJ, lo Dilehets
(|974| braehyparacylic and aiuphibrachyparacyfic
Discussion types (Fig- 4F). This is a correction lo the previous
cla(s.siivfeincaithieonprdeuseenttostraeleal0i\gn1m1uen\t*insmtoenmomciontgylefdroonm raieihpicoomrmsioeelbyvylcisCconhIreJalnnploartUoiintalrteetlla1yt9.e94t)/hVeflshieatiTiWetfahtletufrsUclgsotmfdafottanoWv!vcOimv-
R] I>ISCKIl'Tk)\ OF I'ETERMAWfOPSI: fa
Rg A EcUnmtwiit>i>si\ ttiwlruai!ti>i,\ cuticles showing braehyparacytic (Brl and aiuphinracliypuracvtic lABr) stomaUi.
V Sik- II Ixtis H 2()()Dh ti^Ptype) upper B. lower. C Site II I.eiis B,4087 upper. D. ICrtVCf. U, Stic I Mesopliyll Lell*.
Mono I upper. F, lower, G, Cbcnaecac I ens, 4122upper H, lowerSeale bars=40um.
ffi E i oNkANMl) V.CmiSTOPItH
closely lo oihcr members itftKc net-veined Lilrtinuc. conditions. Other present day common undcrsiorey
as no other laxa have hcen recorded with these net-veined Australian rauiloresl monocois silch as
KtOWQtCll types Sfitiwx, HipvfjvnHtti and Dwsivrvti (all i»l which co
The ndclilifmiuI specimens lioin Ihc bbcnaccac ami occur Willi PufyrmumUH\\ have not been recorded
Mesophvll lens .\cn\u Chnsiophel vt al. ( W87) are amongst the Anelesea megafossil t.ou. bin gjvwi
imporiaiit. as Iheir presence implies a wider hahilat ihul StntUn oust/alts R I3t.. for example, can occur
raniiu lor /'< /(-twitnnittftsis. This is bused on ihe low everywhere bum dense umforeM 10 di s open
p;«rala\'Mi overlap helween ihe Site I ami Sile ll eucalypl loresl. Ihe absence ol Ihese olhei nct-\eined
lenses, Ihe Mesophyll Lens dominated by nicsophyil monocois from Ihe Amdesca fossil deposit mav
leal pnialava las Us name Mi^esM. the L-.henuecac reflect laphonotnic and prcservational biases jncl
Lens by eiiluc-lcuvcd nolophyll leaf paraia\a i.\<:nsn cannot be taken a.s prool that they were absent from
[ h i*Kophc|s?ff'/. lcJN7». fncontrasi, iheSiK-ll leosvs the original foreste
eon am abundant \1\rlaeeae and various other Now dial several specimens ol /' iWtfUmfintiX
I
undesenhed la\a which were either very rare 01 (.'onran ct ul are at hand, it may be concluded thai
ahseni from ihe Sile I lenses. The differences ihe general leafmorphology sii££csled in the original
between Ihe lenses wvre discussed bv t'hristophel *\ description waxeorreel and lhal the -aomatal pattern .
al. (19N7t by way i)| *ompari:-*on with the cxlanl cwhibilcd by Ihe laxon are variable, which IS
rainloresl eommuniLy al Noah Creek in far norlh consistent wilh other net veined monoeol laxtt The
Queensland tiff \)V S. 145 26' I:), where the presence ol ibis laxon in several discrete clay lenses
paichincss ofihe forest was reflected in ihc localised al the Anelesea locality whose Holistic skmaturis
In.is ut the liner samples. If ihe habilat preferences surest u mosaic iKittcineil lamloicsi MmciUic
l"r ri'it'tnntmtia cirtvmti F. Muell. al Warrie National (Chrislophel ft til. 14>S7L also allows us loconclude
Parfi Springhrook Plateau in souiheasi Queenslatnl (hat the environmental tolerances of ihe fossil plain
i 2c 14' S. 133* 17' L) are examined, not only is the were equally broad as ft'U'iwttnt/itt its nearest
vegetation similarly patchy, with Natlit/Ju^tt.s Mhvium' relative.
Mierophyl! Mossy Forest. Nolophvll Vine Forest
tNVF) and ftttylpytfts UcmeiUftUw Schnu. I'oresi AcknoMMtfi'u'»ls
Willi or without NVI-' uudetstoivy. all wiilun a I km
radii's ot each other, bul I't'trnutihti'm is a relatively AK.p.i of Australia is thanked for Ihcir moperaiio |
common tuidcisloiey component ill all *>l these and >aippoil tu DCC, The collceline was alau
environments (Conrati lc>SS, t991). supporled by an AKtiS yrant FK3I5020 lo l)CC .1
The presence of/'tfi'mttaiuirtfists in several lenses Dnwd is thanked foe the preparation ofthe cuiieular
suggests dial it was similarly a relatively common muleiial. as is ihe ttolany Department at THe
Linderstorey plan! in the Antdeseu rainforests, and University ol Adelaide hit* Ihe provision of facilities
one with a fair tolerance of variation in local lo uudcrlake llns research.
Rcfrrviu'cs
IUKh.anjnio..V|'\h.tL MM.iul(uPsA)n2l)fft'fralirfWipMlge-plp.anlii.^s•.laHpo.tir.«imnv.c 5vSl.Olt4t^U- 1-ilttHtniutW'JiiiildbpIiliKl'iiliitpi.aMtulplatUlt-r.nc-isii0c1Utijlaeitirt-i,ui/i>'l('/u.i/..iI,imn>.
Sur 107. 2^5-313-
t ii -,i. M, VV.. Duvaii, M, R.. Hkiis, H, 0, ( or,,;:-., I l\'.i:^.. I_ fi (OJMK) T|it- rcpmLlnL-tivc untl veyVU"t'«;
t!•« . <Cioi\\,i>hAi.(KV... Ll,^tnKi.i.AurCr^,wtI.i.liI.O,N,.IlK\.imMvin t&. .1.H.oIoviw MS,. pmhocnnooLlOot^vvledonlnv 1s'mi<rhw/<>s>yo.uSt<hh\ eQaist&W,Q)tdt-4%t,.tinloresl
iP>0S;o Molecular phvluiienclics nl IJIianai: pp. 100- (W) A vlmlv n( Ihc |»hrnolo;j\ ol soni.
C'MCiIItit.hvia'ha)seIil(i)ufoJStF.pijHb..pi.ioR.ocrSienIliiifMl",ir>diiL*Hvd.-tU5isilK,-r)iNFo7-LSlyiPu^oOaMk0"rJNl.ihMa-i.uKbitooKHIV^f)t»ii.vacbastnihVth>i.V.ie.lc'i.>KuVlrAV,tWei.inadCncrouKdsdli.:rkeliinesAen>r:;.ai..S|ItKuJ)lSoim.JviS-o&s-nWcKlh,acHtlVkiilitnei\"HaytliWl.lJufiiK(c'iVol.trin.in^e().ipitb.hour'rHhaiiKe.n7isti.d1|.. rV^SPvVuuiVehilHihknK'ns!lmeel)ouxidatsi.'ihisiRuiiCtnLiiie'iniWptititoiSiumrtepsAtrotxi.'vnioOiusiIAtc''V.euyoUc-til(WfiliyUo^uClltkl."lwi'sallS)nIUuL)ibaa.^rcivAnot2fCu.;imi.s"sipti.Krls.&I:aoA\llu2Aic'sS.n>mtem-criA)aouN4l.VvaosiiittcaNirItnano.olnri\aiiCVUlnai-eiorR\iU/Juv/i^u>ln<si,.ninlfliX|(ioW-lurec4Icll'Illwh
Ahtun/Stiutl-IWI. SM.\<D.5.(MlOKfi) MuiiniMbed k-aves ottwo DMiSiW.oK1r5s5.. 8\llo-SM:.7.I, CV: CtiMOkn, II. T llOSJi -l'h.-
w\\ species orVKriaeeae 1'rorn the laKcne ol Vieloo.i Monocotvlt-diins: A ('nnipaKilivc' Stinlv (Spnn^it
ViiMiaha. Au.sr. / Hut. ^A hA^fA^. Veil.n.v ItrrlilO.
losovik M, If iluK^) Ihe veeeliiiivc Liiutuiny ol ihc & Vio, p p ( |n,s5j The I tmi}li« ol
rv-licul.tlc vi_iiiL-d liliiriomc. Tt/upct 2- -101-JI2- MolioLolvk-Uoif" lAtiuk-uliL t*a^> I tmilolO.
REDESCRIPTION OF PETERMANNIOPSIS 67
References
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angiosperm leafremains. Bot. Rev. 40, 1-157. complex as a ta\onomie character in the mono-
Gopac, B. V.&Raza,S. H.(1992) Stomatal structureasan cotyledons. Taxon2X 109-128.
aid tothe taxonomy ofEiliaceae.AsianJ. PI. Sci, 4, 51- & AvHNSti, E. S. (1969) Notes on the vegetative
56. morphology and anatomy of the Petermanniaceae
POLE, M. (1991) A modified terminology for an»iosperm (Monocotyledones). Bot ./. Linn. Soc. 62. 17-26.
leafarchitecture.J. Roy. Sac. N. Z. 21. 297-312^ Upadiiyay, N. (1987) Epidermal structure and ontogeny of
_ (1993) Early Miocene flora of the Manuherikia stomata of Dioscorea wattii Pr. & Burk. ./. Indian Boi.
Group, New Zealand. 5. Smilacaceae, Polyeonuceac, Soc. 66, 448-450.
Elaeoearpaceae. Ibid. 23, 289-302. WEBB, L. J. (1959) A physiognomic classification of
STEBBINS, G. L. & KHUSti, G. S. (1961) Variation in the Australian rain forests. ./. Ecol 47, 551-570.
organisation of the stomatal complex in the leaf Wilkinson, H. P. (1979)The plant surface (mainly leaf) pp.
epidermis of monocotyledons and its bearing on their 97-165 In Metcalfe.C. R.&Chalk,L. (Eds)"Anatomyof
phytogeny. Amer. ./. Hot. 48. 51-59. die Dicotyledons2nd Edition"(Clarendon Press.Oxford).