A record of a koinobiont endoparasitoid wasp, Melalophacharops everese (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae), attacking eggs of a lycaenid butterfly, Acytolepis puspa

2011·1.5 MB·

TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan
eetua Lqpidopte]uScienc'6e2(4)1:51-155,December 2011

A record of a koinobiont endoparasitoid wasp, Melatophacharops everese (Hymenopte Ircah,neumonidae),
lycaenidbutterflAyq,ytolepis
attacking eggs of a puspa
Masnmi SHIMAzAKIi )K"y,ohei WAmNABE2) and Ybshiko SHIMAzAKIi)
i)440-114Matsunanii-choT,akasago-cho,TakasagoCity,Hyogo,676I)023Japan

2}LaboTatory of Insec tScience ,Graduate School ofAgricultural Science ,Kobe Universit y1,-1 Rokkodai-cho ,Nada-ku,
Kobe City,Hyogo,657-8501Japan

Abstrac tAn ichneumon iwdasp, Melalophachareph 'everese (Uchid ai,957) emerged from the fina linsta rlarva eof a
lycaenidbutterfly,Ac),totepispttspa(Horsfield,1828),thathadbeenrearedfromtheeggstageincaptiyLtyinthelaboratory,
Thc eggs, oviposited on a leaf of Rosa nfultij7vra, had been collected in a fiel din Tanabe City ,Wiikayama Prefecture.
Becausc the wasp cc}uld not have attackcd thc 1ars, aien the laborator ywe, believ ethat the eggs must have been parasitized
before they were collected. The ovipositor of M. everese consists of a simple structure lacking the distin cdtorsa lsubapical
notch used for attacking active ian'ae ,A!though the biology of spccies with such an ovipositor is poorly known, this
structure is strongly associated with hosts that are immobile, Therefore ,we concluded that the paras'ito wiadsp had
attacked eggs ofA. puspa. This is the fir srteport suggesting egg-larval developn]en itn M/ eveiese.
Key wordsoviposiLor shape, parasito ihdes tstage, ichneumoni wdasp, Campopleginae.
Introduction Materials and Methods
The ]ycaeni dbutterf iAyc,>'tolqp piusspa (Hersfi eilsd)Seven eggs ot]A, puspa, oviposited on leave sor stems of'
found throughout Nansei Shoto and across Kyushu to Rosa m"ltijlora in a bush by the coastal road at Tle aijnzalci
southcrn part sof Shikok uand Honshu in Japan ,It is in [[bnab eCity W,akayama Prefectur ew,ere collected on
commonincertainlocalitiesandbroodscontinuously,Its November 20, 2010. All of the eggs were kept in a lidded
dHiosntsrhiu b, Tuhte irioesn naorwe a fexepawn driencgords toofw paardra tshiet inos romtfhA-,e apsuts pofa pwelraes tr ieccaornetdai niern t(hFe il ag1 b,, o2r0 a×t o1 4r y×w,h 5er,e5 cm )t,h eHya twecrhee d 'lfacr dvRa.e
bytheparasitoidwasp,Metatophachampseverese(Uchidam)ulti,flora or M),ric ar"bra from November 2010 to
(Hymenopte rIach:neumonidae) ,but the accounts are February 2011. During rearing, six of the seven larsrae
partl cyon {1icti anngd the detail hsave been poorl yknown. showed apparent shrinkage in their body size and their
The purasito ihdas been observed to emerge f'ro m( 1 ) the body color changed from a shade of green te dark brown,
reared prepupae (Kusigem a1t9i67,, 1988) ,(2 )either the Hereafterthe sleaJ'v aaree describ aesd "parasitized larvae".
prepupae or the tina linsta lrarva e(Iwat 1a9,91) ,and (3) Leaveswithparasitizedlanfaewereremovedandtransferred
pupae reared from the fir sitnsta (rNakan o1 9,94) ,Nakano to another smal] Lidde dplast ibcox (Fi g2., 1O × 7 × 3 cm)
supposed tha tthe larv ahad been attacked at the fir sitnstar for observation, The remaining normal 1ary awas fed M.
stage, but did not provid eany supporting evidence, nihni unti1 i tdeveloped into an adult blltterfiy.
MHCwataseoahs plhnmesa.osprl shoe iotupSps s l iihneaxnora gesJap ciseaihcnipnaae saifoefn mo, ( pworKJhsf mialuceyapvhcseatarieeni s ngeaioaardnveneda mi bokt acabuo1cbetitu9llreni8tsoo8 e,nb)o r gnii.Hfso n o htiwnwthao ithee venetevne h dsebKeo re pyoa,esr urua" as btrhs fhepioaputmrwoo iriel tadysMendd,ent Tdo(HfobeU risHcoodchgrereioningdtpe eaits 1n te,fi9e vhea5yeosrn pe7 ndsae)esv r ,esa(rp se(e2sci dei)tama eo nptiw( saKhd:as=uop:Mm, ta(e owme1tgo )art trhoateefp oe oorhCprfriie hgdttia hnty Macoe, itth h.hd aoTe eflreasbvoocteitrrpsleyiussoppe tw )toe1iaf i.n,ogn
Aiewa.vann esdofpu erss uee lgm gaeperbsagtorerad ats thifaotrtr iHoiyze tm.i perttsrhe seh,o fwobeisan tibs apdil elpenycaniserttsaia, 1 sfr tRaiyherte cviw eaaoz sfnetpAtsh. ely ape, suga g sApp4 aa ,sret vraaeegsraeeir setoedfoid xadaRiu ei.tf shv1coc 9ermr5rai 6spi], itp ne oisdatf porheee enafSc is a tmtHjgeheo naeo kmffki eE agmvdiaaeedwlrtoaeee ,b s UrlSynm ahiiKcavnutkeesuerd l r,bsEgnyibeu ti mst KynaaM)uaktus es Cii(negi ue1tbmmy9y,a ,tKt6hai7e n a(a )sng(e3d,acd) wo tnaa(hdt4ea)i
puspa.
Pref,2,9,ix.2002,I.Wakileg,),

℃orrespondingauthor:my.shima@win,emai1,ne,[email protected]
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152 M. SIIIMAZAKI et aL
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LarvaehHtched Slrnmk & dmke ee d Purasito wiadsps
on Dec. 1-5 en Jan ,l6- emenged{mjan,22-Feh.I
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PIr) eaptu:pean otni oe3nna nJ .a7n. 3 Brnerge coln Feb. 2
a) F: the firs dtecade of a maonth, bj M"nlddle, c) L] ifittes 8
Fig. 1 Containcr used for rearing from cgg stagc.
Fig, 2, Box used for the parasiti z1eudrvac.
Fig. 3. Ac)'tolep piusspa: a, parasitiz efdina ilnsta !rary ab;, normaL prepupa.
Fig ,4, hmerged parasitoi wdasp M, everese.
Fig, 5. The shell of the parasiti z1aerdva fror n"'hich M evereTe emerged.
Fig. 6. Pupa of A4. ei,eFvse rcmoved from the dead parasiti Llaerdva :a, dorsa laspect: b, Nentral aspect,
Fig .7. Female A, puspa.
Fig. g. Time course of rcaring,
Astereomicroscopc(SZ60,OI:YMPUSCo.,[Ebkyo,Japan; Results1.
Mhos1bplgOse6hecO5ritOvm -m,aeiCtncKri,EoosnY c sLowEpeEeNreIC CEaAn Cdt oa( , kCB,elAnOXiM sn4Ewa ieRgtkd hAO,arL ,aa\Jw Ma diCPpinoUag.Sgni,) s tT.,Pa o DmhlCliiooccgtr.yoio,sotg c),waJoreplaarcieppmah anu s sg() oeefadVns dH wtf Xehoare-re A1a nI daIH ne adgttg hsc5e h ,h o2ita0nhte1g cro0h ,f fe[ edii[vgn W tegwo h eaosern frede ta mhagnbei. nafovr aecmrona nlvMti.aat i eiwnereesurrbcr ba o.ef fte tOhwd neRe .le JDmanauenlntcwiuejeiamorrba ye1r,
edited using graphi scoftwarc (Adob ePhotoshopO CS3), 20", a grown larv aappeared to have settlcd en a Leaf of
R. multij7ora, but it sbody coEer graduall ychanged from
a shade of green to dark brown, and it shrunk in size
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Meifalophacha reovep srese attacked eggs of Acytolep pius,spa IS3
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1.e mm (a; )e.5 mm (e,d)
Fig.9,FFlegm.ale of M, everese: head. anterior view, Scule bars 1.0 mm.
10.FFiegm.ale of M. everese: mesosoma, ]atera vliew, Scale bars 1.0 mm.
Il. FWiingg.s ofM, evereh'e: a, forewin gb;, hindwing,
12.FFiegm.ale of M. evetese: propodeum, dorsa ]view. Seal ebar s1.0 mm.
13, Females of M. everese (a ,b, c) and EribvrMs sp. (d) :a, hind tarsus, later a\[icw; b, metasoma, ]atera]
view; c, d, apical par tof ovipositor, later vailews. Arrow shows dorsa slubapical notch.
(leng t6 hmmi; width: 3 mm). This abnorma] change was 2. Emergenee qf the ichnettmoni pdarusitoid wasp,fhom
laterconfirmedtobeduetoparasitism.Anotherparasititzhee.dfinalinstartarvae

1arv asettled on R, multij7ora and similarly four 1arva ehad On January 22, 2011 a parasito wiasdp oi' the family
settled on Ml rubva (Fi g3a.) by January 6, 201 1 , We could Ichneumonidae (Fi g4,) emerged from the fir sptarasitized
nuostua ldleyt sepcu ntan byy sai nlokrym aglir pdrle erpouunpda ,a ntdhe a ltl heofr tahxe, psuacrhu sasi tiiszedlofa rtvhea c,asuasmieng s pae csiizeasbl eem eopregneidng i inn dtihev hiodsu t(a flFrlie yg5m .)a n,Woathseprs
larva eremained on the leave swithout shedding thei rskin two parasitiz ledarva oen January 24, 20 1 1 . To collect the
durin gover the fbllowin gthree weeks. Then the larvae specimens, we placed the box containing the wasps and
were transl:er tro etdhe smal 1 ]idde dplast ibcox as described remain ing thre eparasiti zIeadrva ien a refrigerator. When
above and observations were continued. Only one 1arva, one ot' the dead parasitiz leadrva ewas cut open, we could
osnta glee a(vFe isof g3 M.b,, lruebnrag,t gh1r:0e wmm n;orm awlildyth: t o5 r emamc)h tohne pJraenpuuapray dwiedtthe:c tt2h,e5 dmme)ad ipnuspiad o tefhMe, l aervvera Ae.s efe (maFlie g6A.,, plue.nsgpt abh u:6t mtme;rny
3, 2el1, and shed it sskin to pupate on January 7, 2011, emerged from the unparasitized pupa on February 2, 20 1 1
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'154
M.SHIMAZAKI
et al,
(Fi g7.), The time coursc ef the rearing is given in Fig. 8, been reared from the egg stage in captivity. It is evident
which shows that the butter tanldy the parasito iwdasps that the wasp could not have attacked the larva ein the
took simitar times to develo apnd emerge. laborator Tyh.ll swe conside[ed tha tthe eggs of A. p",spa
had already been attacked by the paraslto {Md. everese
3. Identdicat oiof tnhe parasitoi wdasp when we collected them from the fie[d.
The parasitoi wdesre identifi easd M. evetese base don the The time course of rearing (Fi g8.) suggests th at a similar
followin gcharacters: ( 1 ) thin and truncate untcrior margin amount of time is rcquircd for the parasito iwadsp and the
ofclypeus (Fi g9). ;(2 )scutellum relatively strongly convex lycaeni dlarv ato develop to adults. In addition, there js
with apex acutely bent downward jn later avilew; (3 u)pper some observutienal evidence that the pupatio nof the larva
h1aOl) fo;(f4 m )fesooprleeuwrionn wgit hcoouvter eadreo wlietth ( tFria ng1s 1v.aer) s;(e r5u g)naeerv el(lFusig. oIfa trhve a palatrhoausgihto wwiaeds pco uwlads cnoomtp lketnedow iwhnesni dtpheue ppaatriaos niwatsized
ot'hindwing without angulation (Fi g1 ,1b) ;(6 )propodeum complete,
covered with rugae and long silver hairs a,reola and petiolar
areas united (Fi g1,2) ;(7 )propodea lspiracle round; (8) The ovipositor of most species ol' Campop[eginue and
fir satnd second segments of hind tarsus with 1 ine of robust related subfamiLies (e. gC.remasttnae ,Banchinae and
setae on ventral surface, at jrregu ]ianrterva (lFsi g1.3a); Ctenopelmati nhaaes a) dorsa slubapical notch (e. gan.other
(9 )fir smettasomtd tergite with glymma and subapica] Campoplegin agecnus Eriborus ,shown in Fig, 13d) ,afld
latera lshallow depressio (nFi g1.3b) ;(10 b)erde rbetween this structure may be used to provid esome hold on the
tergit eand sternite of firs mtetasomal segment located pierce dintegume noft an active host larva H.owever, the
below the mid-hei ght (Fi g1 .3b) ;<1 l) ovipositor short, its ovipositor of M. everese lacks a dorsa lsubapical notch,
apex a litt lbeeyond apex of metasoma (Fi g1 .3b) ,without and this condition suggests that it would favo rattacking
dorsa lsubapical nQtch <Fig ,13c) ;(12 b)ody co]or black, immovable eggs rather than mobile larvae during
secend (foma olre p)osteri poarrt of sccond (mal aend) all oviposition. A similar]y un-notched ovipositor is shown
fo11owi ntgergite sreddish brown (Fi g4.); and (13 f)ore in the Stilbopin ageenus Stilbops (Z]wnes 1,970) ,species
and mid leg syellowis bhrown cxc1uding coxae, hin dtibia, o(' whieh are known to attack the egg stage of the host
and basa lpart of hind basitar spuasrtl ydul lbrown (Fig. (Fitt o1n98,4: S.haw, 1989) .Thus, we suppose that the
4). absence of the notch on the ovipositor is more or less
rclated to attacking the hos tat the egg stage. Whilst the
usual mode of developme nitn Campop]eginae is larval-
Discussion
1arva lt,here 1iav ebeen a couple of reports of egg-larval
Campop[eginaearekoinobiontendoparasitoidwasps,mosdtevelopment ,That with most detai i]s a recent study on
of whieh attack larva eof Lepidopter a(Towne s1,970), Fl)tposot heorrticol <aGravenho rwhsetre), vari Nouhuys
Kusigcmat i( 1 967) was the fir stto report that the parasitoidand Ehmsten (200 4sh)owed that the parasito iovdiposited
wasp, Ml everese emerged from a reared prepupa ofA, in larva eshortly prio tro their emergence from the egg.
puspa, Among previou sreports, the observations by Iwata The genus Melatophacharop scemprises l'ou rdescribed
(1991 a)re almost similar to those present ehdere I,n his specics in the Pa]earct iancd the Orienta rlegions and three
report, two of fiv emidd]e-instar larva eofA. puspa did of these species are rcported from Japan (Mi et al., 2005).
not reach the prepupa sltage and their body color changed Although several species of ]ycaeni dbutterf lhyave been
tdoa drakrek nber hodwons. tl[aIrXvv Mao .e1 e2v edreaseys a ffteerm atlhee s acbmnoerrmgaeld f crhoanmg et.he rtehpeoyi taerde aastt hacoksetd s piecs ineost idberm Mo.n esvterreaste,e d rt.lhb e tshtea gbee astt wohfi ocuhr
When he reared another middle-instar larv aofA, p"spa, knowledge, this is the firs treport suggesting that the
the larv oaf the parasitoi wdasp grcw to pupat einsid ethe koinobion tendoparasitoid wasp, M. eveiese attacks the
host larva and a male M, everese emerged from the egg stage of it shost ,A. p".spa.
parasitiz eldarva,
Taking these reports together, the wasp has been observed A¢knowledgment
to emerge from three dii'f'e rsteangtes of the host: the {inal
insta lrarva p,repupa ,and pupa. Howcver. it is uncertain We would lik eto express our cordia[ thanks to Dr Gavin
whether this i sdue to dil'ler girnogwth rate ofeach parasitoid Broad (Departm eofn Etntomology ,The Natura lHistory
1arv aor whether the attacking stage of the hos twas different, Museum, London, VK) fbr his review of the manuscript
There has been a lac ko'f infOrmati oonn when and how and providin gus with valuable suggestions,
the host is parasitiz eHde.re the koinobion etndoparasitoid
wasp M, e},eiese ernerged from parasitiz 1eadrva ethat had
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　　Sc  iede  echt 〔Hyme 囗Qpにra：Ichneur｛n．｝nidae，　Stilbopin）ae 生した段階で，まだ寄生蜂が出ない個体共々冷凍庫で殺虫
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　　uniform 　parasしiism　of　a　host　available 　on］y　a　few　hours　pef る ツバ メシジミチビアメバ チと同じ亜科や近縁亜科の多
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　　Ichneum｛｝noidea 　2004，　Taxonomy，　bio；ogy ，　morphoiogy 　atlCl で．この産卵管形態は寄主卵に産卵することと関連してい
　　　　Vdaisntcroiubvuet，　krCm、a［nCDaIdDa．VD 　computcr 　program］、　Taxapadmp， のる段と考階えでた寄。生こ攻の撃寄を生す蜂るがのシかジはミこチれョまウで成知育ら過れ程てのおいらずずれ，
」L ”
今回の ヤクシマ ル リシジ ミの卵が寄生 されていた とい
摘　 要 う知見は初めての記録だと思われる
。
シジミチョウの内部寄生蜂ッバ メシジミチビァメバ チ 〔Recejved　Murch　15，201　L　Accepted　August　26，2011）
Melatophαcharops 　everese （Uchida，1957〕によるヤクシマ
一
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