Table Of Content

A RASA READER Historical Sourcebooks in Classical Indian Thought HISTORICAL SOURCEBOOKS IN CLASSICAL INDIAN THOUGHT The Historical Sourcebooks in Classical Indian Thought series provides text-based introductions to the most important forms of classical Indian thought, from epistemology, rhetoric, and hermeneutics to astral science, yoga, and medicine. Each volume offers fresh translations of key works, headnotes that orient the reader to the selections, a comprehensive introduction analyzing the major lines of development of the discipline, and exegetical and text-critical endnotes as well as an extensive bibliography. A unique feature, the reconstruction of the principal intellectual debates in the given discipline, clarifies the arguments and captures the dynamism that marked classical thought. Designed to be fully accessible to comparativists and interested general readers, the Historical Sourcebooks also offer authoritative commentary for advanced students and scholars. A Rasa Reader CLASSICAL INDIAN AESTHETICS Translated and edited by SHELDON POLLOCK COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW YORK Columbia University Press Publishers Since 1893 New York Chichester, West Sussex cup.columbia.edu Copyright © 2016 Columbia University Press All rights reserved E-ISBN 978-0-23154069-8 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Pollock, Sheldon I., translator, editor. Title: A rasa reader : classical Indian aesthetics / translated and edited by Sheldon Pollock. Description: New York : Columbia University Press, 2016. | Series: Historical sourcebooks in classical indian thought | Includes bibliographical references and index. | Includes translations from Sanskrit. Identifiers: LCCN 2015020974 | ISBN 9780231173902 (cloth : alk. paper) | ISBN 9780231540698 (electronic) Subjects: LCSH: Rasas—Early works to 1800. | Aesthetics, Indic—Translations into English. | Sanskrit literature—Translations into English. Classification: LCC BH221.I52 R43 2016 | DDC 111/.850954—dc23 LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015020974 A Columbia University Press E-book. CUP would be pleased to hear about your reading experience with this e-book at cup- [email protected]. COVER DESIGN: Jennifer Hever References to websites (URLs) were accurate at the time of writing. Neither the author nor Columbia University Press is responsible for URLs that may have expired or changed since the manuscript was prepared. FOR ALLISON Contents PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ENGLISH TRANSLATIONS OF SANSKRIT TITLES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS Introduction: An Intellectual History of Rasa CHAPTER ONE The Foundational Text, c. 300, and Early Theorists, 650–1025 1. The Basis of Rasa Theory in Drama Treatise on Drama of Bharata (c. 300) 2. Rasa as a Figure of Speech in Narrative Poetry: The Early Views Ornament of Poetry of Bhamaha (c. 650) Looking Glass of Poetry of Dandin (c. 700) with the Commentaries Ratna’s Glory of Ratnashrijnana (c. 950) and Guarding the Tradition of Vadijanghala (c. 950) 3. Rasa as a Figure of Speech: The Late View Essential Compendium of the Ornament of Poetry of Udbhata (c. 800) with the Brief Elucidation of Pratiharenduraja (c. 900) and the Exegesis of Tilaka (c. 1100) 4. Rasa as the Character’s Emotion, and How We Know It *Commentary on the Treatise on Drama, of Bhatta Lollata (c. 825) *Commentary on the Treatise on Drama, of Shri Shankuka (c. 850) 5. There Are No Rules for the Number of Rasas Ornament of Poetry of Rudrata (c. 850) with Notes of Namisadhu (1068) 6. Rasa Cannot Be Expressed or Implied, Only “Manifested” Light on Implicature of Anandavardhana (c. 875) 7. Rasa Cannot Be a Figure of Speech; It Is What Figures of Speech Ornament The Vital Force of Literary Language of Kuntaka (c. 975) 8. There Can Be No “Manifestation” of Rasa Analysis of “Manifestation” of Mahima Bhatta (c. 1025) CHAPTER TWO The Great Synthesis of Bhoja, 1025–1055 1. One Rasa Underlies All Multiplicity Necklace for the Goddess of Language of Bhoja (c. 1025) with the Commentary of Bhatta Narasimha (undated) 2. One Rasa Underlies All Multiplicity: The Late Statement Light on Passion of Bhoja (c. 1050) CHAPTER THREE An Aesthetics Revolution, 900–1000 1. From Rasa in the Text to Rasa in the Reader: Core Ideas *Commentary on theTreatise on Drama, and Mirror of the Heart of Bhatta Nayaka (c. 900) 2. From Rasa in the Text to Rasa in the Reader: Elaboration The Ten Dramatic Forms of Dhanamjaya (c. 975) and the Observations of Dhanika (c. 975), with The Lamp (on the Ten Forms) of Bahurupa Mishra (undated) and the Brief Annotation (on the Observations) of Bhatta Nrisimha (undated) CHAPTER FOUR Abhinavagupta and His School, 1000–1200 1. Rasa and the Critique of Imitation Literary Investigations of Bhatta Tota (c. 975) 2. The Theory of Rasa Purified The New Dramatic Art, of Abhinavagupta (c. 1000) 3. Potential Flaws of Rasa Light on Poetry of Mammata (c. 1050) with the Commentaries of Shridhara (c. 1225), Chandidasa (c. 1300), Vishvanatha (c. 1350), and Paramananda Chakravartin (c. 1500) 4. The Purified Theory in Abstract Short Explanation of Light on Poetry, and Commentary on Analysis of “Manifestation” of Ruyyaka (1150) CHAPTER FIVE Continuing the Controversies Beyond Kashmir, 1200–1400 1. Where Is Rasa? Is Rasa Always Pleasurable? Mirror of Drama of Ramachandra and Gunachandra (c. 1200) The Single Strand of Vidyadhara (c. 1300) with the Central Gem of Mallinatha (c. 1400) Ornament of the Fame of King Prataparudra of Vidyanatha (c. 1320) with The Jewel Store of Kumarasvamin (c. 1430) 2. A Philosophical Précis of the Rasa Problematic Mirror of Literary Art of Vishvanatha (c. 1350) with The Eye of Anantadasa (c. 1400) 3. Rethinking “Semblance of Rasa” The Moon on the Rasa Ocean of Singabhupala (c. 1385) CHAPTER SIX Rasa in the Early Modern World, 1200–1650 1. A Reader Reading for Rasa Elixir for the Rasika, of Arjunavarmadeva (c. 1215) 2. A Poet Writing of Rasa The River of Rasa of Bhanudatta (c. 1500) 3. Devotees Experiencing Rasa Pearls of the Bhāgavata, of Vopadeva (c. 1300) with the Lamp for Transcendence of Hemadri (c. 1300) Divine Jewel of Ornamentation of Kavikarnapura (c. 1550) with the Commentary of Lokanatha Chakravartin (c. 1690) Ambrosial River of the Rasa of Devotion of Rupa Gosvamin (1541) with the Passage Through the Impassable of Jiva Gosvamin (1541), and Treatise on Divine Love of Jiva Gosvamin (c. 1550) 4. Vedanticizing Rasa The Nectar Ocean of Literary Art of Vishvanathadeva (1592) The Bearer of the Ganges of Rasa of Jagannatha (c. 1650)