A Proposed Role of Aeroelasticity in NASA's New Exploration Vision

2005·2.2 MB·English

by  Bartels, Robert E.

A Proposed Role of Aeroelasticity in NASA’s

New Exploration Vision

Robert I, Bartels, ~ Robert W. Moses,’ Robert C. Scott
Justin D. Tennpleson,! F, McNeil Cheatwood.§ Peter &. Guo, land Grey M. Buck,
WASA Langley Research Center, Harlem, VA 2868

Introduction

Nee ey nah ad te tale

lidoghs that ou ses poghone loo thea Ape
teh Moor, ¢ Mats, a bug astronauts ad sa
ples exely bore te. Essth se caste ach lower ean

pletion iutisive Las act

Apollo. "These chalcngce rquire ceatve acrospact
Systems. One propesed techaology for sally dellver-
Uieeneewons offer le oven al uf el wering reer

franells poses stability pele o properl

sig for she raported Aight regimen

‘The fight eximes for « Mare Ianding or Bath: ren
1 enceanpass the Hypersonic ra sahsonie with varying
perianal dyn ie pisses. Comntetons
ole or mesdling thw fo snes on stl et ek
sich as wings ad tale nist be adopted #2 bardle
Aesible structures hoes deformations ae likely te Be
lage and norlinear. Severe tna challenges ae
the Haidjetustnse souphing of bigs
computational tid dyrarics
the sablneeity of el eh Eu and sta
res cates J} ana.ytical aa ie lemeat modeling
fof complex nalinearscminane betiawor. sar ex
peciseal vation ofthe structural mesic a
te atociastis anal nctaod

An integrated,
ha eatiee te ace

rupled salysis tool could explare
ana +f
ian, Neptune,
‘aad eer
soarsgaten, H would strongly en vas industry ap
tilt while acsauing he sate the at in fate
fetoneit devices, Iie alc arliocace the need for
hs expensive expetntental testing on which stare and
Adame vehicle and aerosastiesabity dete ene cu
ently based. Beachmsricc zapatos would provide
"louty defined exparatione and igmes of mers Px
fnmparing sualyais ris This paper will pence
sre histay ef owe eroloyahledelertons, sarvy

ely
Farah Gp turn cea
dxpérinicaal vlialion,

Deployable Decelerator Background

Several laste of deployble deoserstons lve bee

tad tested. ‘The

considerel, bal fall within two

‘tegoriee The fist ie ts in the fons

fs enol conetod to the pay lol Ly cension ine
Soe in figure 1 The essond isan attached balls
there Gale fis the apace between the tote sid tae
ceiling edge, gate 2, Several concept for blltes

(ne reenry concep: is che Actached Inflatable Bo.
telerator (AID). ‘This concept involves
tached cnet ta e Blant conical beds. 4 standane
allte ie rahe, test coneive
fs trl supersonic condenater. Attachment of tae
Balle to (ae aeeosell ir a AID) device evoide (ae
inetabaity prob decsieretor. “Tie
Goodscar Aeros

ailing balloon

tha
indnion i
arly AID testi of sosll-scale wind rene! msde
wees perform at spend for subeon to gacaier smn
Mork Ingles of in sta indation preformance,
parked AID wae rlesed ancl rape inflated a. ae
entry vlecity, took alton woe teauid to pao
lade wee running from the Mant conical 30d

traf te bale He inenen te Brsqensy

Folate

‘le found no fer i the relatively smal fll nated

dls? After a ststeined pero of wind tuanel me
ft angle of attack, one ballate mod] shows signs of
eating.” Other stati iafarion teste were performed
desenine the incernalpressze ot flue” The a
dion ef merdian tapes and locliaed reformers
acreaee overall stcath, Pat ale alter: Lond pale
at bluse motes, Wek the action of mecidiae
ce, flees typuallscocured atthe win

lead ell
To culore vehidle stability ot low Reynolds aut
ives ballate ms regvine a rsasiien “singe
vice Tv on asc sal Lip 9a isthe

snsition, "The avigival Gonelear design bla i
fatabie bush fone, Aucther study fowl that
tering ibban ped ees sia esl

One recent corer the Howson TREY, the Infiaes ble

fn ths Faternctiona Space Staton The TREVE cnet

tees umatngs sation Iv the step. 2 eneller
AID halle inlaid for eeentry hn the socane, 3
sou alll alltel er eeelzy te Further dese
rate he pay

‘que to wistain tension een inthe center of the
easy bony with compressive forces atthe novo and
ne tal!" "The alos the area of he seers body
a tension to be composed of a meminane, this te
dlucng weight over conventional ablation sbislds. Soe

(enc abel ene cree fe
ig. 2A tonstow shall concept

sale ipl and baci in the mid-dy27

“The final a the cory attache eneleation seve
is the raornel. Che mont iss of ne
Stic sls, eveatee ose the woul nl
pylon anal spun ab high spots! Batersive
Sere ws perforin bs determine wath ae
The fist ealurn intel, whieh ie essentially
right only circoler pruning. ‘This iatality ca se
Founceere sith higher ening args or with a gener
tactnnent ttn, The sect insaliy is eal in
ably. ‘This was fora at low soning nigh, and
fan be reduced by egorater coring ange or 20
fontvl system. The tind instaiiny as sk A

his eae dees Ty ing active sontea. by
passive speingylanyper system. Antler
"alization i the use of ura tah along ue ater
evincter of the mtannat

Current Aeroelastic Analysis Methods
Tineat method ae well waders and ppd to
the aerelasic aalses of relatively st tng si
fares. Alvoy these metus have be ail oe
dlexigsol the ance tle, an ta ther space vehicles
insended to encounter the atmosphere of 2 pleaet such
fs che Mars Ainplene concept celled ANS (Aerial
ogiouakseale Ruvionmeatal Survey). Those
same naar method 2 teady for aralyzing eompet-
ing designs of the Crew Exploration Vatiele (CRY)
tha: is planed for taking the ageronnuss te ¢ae Moon
fof to Mars and safely staring then to Lest
‘Nonlinear isthe ate curently under develope,
foesneting an objective of irpnoved Fdety in eure
elastic analyses forsubscme, supers, and
pessone Right reginces, Howevee, chose methods ere
boing applied to soltively still acrospace st
tha: beheve leary, a» poor onal th

These metboes do aot esquire the couple envi
sive for analysing Ube desig of aie, deploy
pomibly inlatatle eatey deviecs, such o2 that ahowa

figure 1, Te linittious of existing uxedling ols
wil poqute thie eahenesment or poadbly tae devel
‘punent of new tahun.

Recent Studies Under the ISP Program

‘Through NASA's InSpace Propakion (ISP) peo
rom, 9 prctinary okamization of semsitvity to ge
fet and Repaclde nusaber sn the inne of
ferge displacements ou wetohwerng snd dyna ove
ster econ

‘The operating ragiate of the ute wll be ewe
slush ane soe high etal sec
Fig” Presiens Cermpotations! Fld Dyvanie
{CED} sig have inratgte the intersetion ofthe
vere ace an aeroesting anit sentniy to
oom od Regalia taber vatations. OF the
‘rio cog waticnsstacied towed, camp lite
apa toridal, the clampad and toroidal ballute
fers appese fo offer the most advantage with teard
to-asothensel ofits, Gre ofthe signfcant findings
lof these studies fs that the weke can be unsteady in
Sone confizurations, notable when the vehicle sock

lhe tower Balle bow aoe. ™ This bas
investigation af a tozeidshapod Pallas
Inna tethered tonoies balla the vehicle how skoce is
svellowed within the toroid and the sekiclesbalute
Ses shoe interaction ie wel bebind eh crus. In his
configuration static aactiernoeast's inveraetion #3
De the primary ccncoen 26 Sons as shock te sheck in
feroction mains bonisn. In azote coafsuzation the
tons is counested tothe vehicle Ey 8 eonirally sped
Sour-lm etc. snge bay sec enyelones the
fntite vehicle sae salle, Leth static ad dynaric
folic interaeions can orci. Th any oo
tse hs Destin ates il bo be impr.
nl the law af the leach,
A compuimional investigation af he eft 0 Tage
Uispacement cn aerating sad dynamics
hm ln bran eidacte. Presi an temperate
pt obing CPD fora igi wecabel sin
fad passed tae ronlnvargeometse Sine ele ent tre
iran trav forthe inet defer shape, The CP.
fre rations were sulsequentlyupsated asd on the
final deformed siape and new pnesines ad temper
atites wee? compited. he deformed shape lows
fora ciculetion pestom within the Fable trouzh be
meer the ace end the tailng edge, seeulting i loa.
Jnteasee and decreases‘ temperature and pressure
slong the aemaell outer wall” Sezer) bey arene
Blchments were realized Vis he analyeis yes
A rmitaton eaezareend of homing ascent with
ro dsferuatisne of lise ballues thew gh tingle

fone coupling belssn nt nero sole aus Fate ee
the reaulte provide

tad ealy coutiemation that exits

Thine conrate sausione eon reprise to « qualita

tive extent the unsteady anotion and discern bounds

fiment solver, Seen te fi

boven evil toroidal configueticns
Caqunosieaive eaessment of tothee Leatng

Wiad Tunnel Peting

A ate of igh speed wind-tannel sco
tabbed inthe ISP program with the folio ng
jets) develop thethodoegy and pretence.

testing Hesible atesils yn ypossone Tein: 2)
fvauate advanced tatetials ina higstemperstue
Iighesoea! flo environment: and 2) provde expec
mental dats for comparisons with actotherrodlastic
modeling setware tools, Several wing-tannal mc
tls were bullt ew of plastic support structars nd
polyimide morsbranss te coprcsent cw otteched ba
lute coucepe. Several membrane thicknesses and ce3e
tus were tested up to Mech Il! ane Hyves nur
bes ust over S250 soot. Same of the saodes oul
‘thot tation of dyna pean
resi fl he
"Tie routs niersove thet

tad Leal isintle
ter understand the eewsined lode resigning (ae

ballatsscruetuealcompoasats

Proposed Wind Tunnel Testing for
‘Tool Validation
A. now fest progam of 3 Langer scale aoc

smdel ve plauncdfor the NASA Langley Lreaccrie
Dyoatsce Tuutel (IDT). ‘Tae tals of testing will be

overs th ses ssoebiily of wanuaring, te
riues tek nie ually al te povided Tor
{alibeatien o nalsie! txts vale son of on

butationl Vos Thee les palit int, see
‘uslite data or omnpalational tool welder ore
‘Sates unlel chai xa lation othe tare
Sian On the other bow, testing sine sealabity Ik
best serve wich a full cle tall, Roce of 9

inmpeneieaiy of testing fll see xl, gsraer
sMrveturalteatng ng mace extensive iw of some
tent escing ne Fabcaien.® Large aale component
testing of thie nature wil be pefomed under tie
Dest project. Yer the suneaive tenting of Lert
Sale, fully essed falls models in ditleent seals
funnels Evie canfdene in the Erosesee develope
Fee the largest seemed fellas onl in tans

ies envicind peer the wegen

“The tnce difcult tole ofthe TDIT test il be to
provise care for vaidation of computational and ena
{cal tole. There ate several challenge n obtaining
expoimensal data of a highly fesible and aorlinest,
Sonetuse for tool vabdsti. These fall uncer the
heedings of sructenal eharacterzaton, model siting
fil cats sensing tecvoloe,

si, expemental characiseton o! 2 teste
sophiccr iss stucture dieu ** hap:on poly-

ce fams ate got to be movcnally ene grembel

tose fod eael excite Bevel Sie
towsuue sruciares of a see cope to tha ex
nested in the propose test. show tals sips
fempenenl of Sve Lal deietion ie de avis
fron 2 Tn at eet I re the sn pene ie te
igavy et ails have been ented fo sate al
all testing 10 mintiae the gevittional ee”
“Yet it may ail be wcessry tomnodel he gravity ever
1 the canputatins Rocsse of the high Aes
dK ass pe ae, ie ones il ily pele

‘realistic m vane vandal shsractoraction ofthe sta
fute-anlese ested na sacar, A vacuei chamber
for the cute projet
igh lessble structures ax also vey sensitive te
beundaty constr orentaion and cisbtien and

saurcr of load pplication. To illustrate te dicul-
feof testing, 1 ons test extensive tein of test
techaigues om simple Kapton thi fl stip waste
‘ited to make e poss eto dsctininace many ofthe
se elated to boundary textment* Te desighers
fof gcesaner slat el moses have identified edge
‘tonics as having considerable satcnce om static and
Aynamie behaving Turthermor, wala duc te
‘lg coastsiatedimisithes model uofutese ad ex
‘omive wining na creasing over signa portions
fof tte sande wil lies membrane safince, dnp 0g,

vole tae al rachis olen the lowes ode
Fi seactane is dyoanical’y excite
csetation appl evry

fest is panned

test also be paid tthe nme in hich

Th

oth

‘on de tr
‘are effsetive supra oay be one an lee
metic site el shake, coe eenly

Attra! ln exeitation,
The sone challange is the comraint on te size of
ths model in aelaticn fo the wird tonne, Model blcale
fag avd wallintarfesene always ntonce the lo Fold
‘te a weil in mand tonal tests “Chis nora int
fences the dats teen. ‘The inence of model bloke
fie soe inereaes Noo pon wind Tan esting
tom heen porlorne fer acrrpnamicaly saath shi
slew Aa sidousl comes by the pucgous of Le
Uallte whic into effectively impeethe How arate
the sekiele, hus disraptiag the auesouading tls. This

ictonses the meletive cxeut to which satel ode

ge and wall aterkcove alters the valklaion date
fceuuitsd, ‘Therebre, earful attention to

oiaition a ing wll be quired to easure thet ox

“The hid dileuly in expecta Latin she me
‘ihe wrmoiy woe i siT cela uot ea

brooriate excep for une
data acquisition eevee a memlvane sues bas ben
Tinened to scasurcmeate cf detetons, Scvetl net
fds of varying vgtoss el ascutary ave been asa
Photogamnctsy wth digital cameras eat vida
tetris ode defamation {WMD} acesureuents have

st of Foal, aver

ple Cuan

Ihotione valatayon stage to tose sve target
Tiairs. Oi oe xanplesil devise angle
Taser Ria agen for stati delaras sear
sen gi the Pallas PL PSV sexing. ager

Proposed Computational Approach

ently as posite the in
fiumice of fostructre teraction om the balla
design, several inves of anal elty il be

Stacie acvothetrnlacic arabe wll asses the date
fice af statically deletes shape or ballate pofot=
Imance ard heaticg satis, The onset of fow-induond
tnsteadiress can abo be predicted using a static
fewr/seuctue interaction, e ilustreted in a previous
‘clin ofthis paper, Dvatinic atotherrelasie ans

‘evel primanly address membsone Butter eno.
Eelitin 9 she danzor of component failure, aoteckes
tie response of the flied “ovoid can also esl in

Undeszable veaiele response. ‘The iatemlay devvect
ompenet enoeksticly and seer wee salty
tus eanire ae ftegeaed Duklscucture oad vei

tli el
Mathetnaccaly the fo eld and structure fr bath

the static and drmense seroelastic analsis wil

faveted es separate domi coupled Ly aa inte

face, Static eeveeastic aralsie can be perform in
ie atrvctaee ean he catagorined vador the Foadings

loose avtelo roughing less sve apnea h

ss be ef se ai i the srt steed

Soin the CFD) soue ther mdaly or by ies she
io wing es

teh, We setae the looses supled appevaeh to be
fone in whic the CED and CSD [Conputesioual Stae
ural Dyuntiks) or FEA (Eiaito Eleaeat Aualysie)
toe are sepacate but coupled ie o fukd/veocture
Coupling mechani,

Wher the thes fe
isp dont soning sean esi
alka ipnncal each of e lesot Hee
The lypenone Mefcnclure snort agate

snster af presses all's Heat fs td te
pecanurs. The fuid/strctre coupling ean be aon
olisked aefig several valet packages. NASA Lanz
ly es developed « multiisapinary code inevtae
sing Noa-Uaifnny Raconal B-Splnes (NURBS}.""
Several commerlly available packages allow cow
aling of CTD aur FEA ods, ah os Bp (Mes
booed parallel Cede Coupling nttface}" ane MIC

Muld-Diseipinaey Computing Environs)? As
5 rove exatupls, ansteady hyporsonie aerotcroo:
jastic analysis bee been peeformes! for tie desi of|
tetmal protection soraponeats ina rote wehiclous

lis cole wit the tow Held

fie slew ae sa as

ta Ube MpCCL mop”
“ernbrane details have bon shen in previous st
ive profoundly influren overall strutiral per

anes Seams avenue big mol thar the

foerwise hae ard signal alter belle st ose

properties, Pressurized poli? are
vighly nonfaear, with waposes that vary with ex
tation level abd dul (aed Ss Fgqueneie) that
Hpend stg 0 preseason Fi wrinkling
ale sites the steactal response. ‘The anal tec

nique it be capable of oldnesing thse aroctural
lets, Seural FFA coos under onsleraton thi
the NASA Langley Reseach cater effet ars MSC
NASTRAS, MSE Mare and ABAQUS.

A roquzenat af the PEA willbe the expabiity
dls msmiorene themoelasiely, mca sous
ral noalineattce date thers) flocs, thermo:
Stonie nd cteep, as well a6 the infhene= of therm:

wlinton. Honever, wo ll FEA tools ave wit
Tolle capabiliies.Covierable wt eee
ses hes been apalid to eevee o° membrane
ulelng expablitis Reset scr bas sae Uh
‘ei to nl ne rane wel, ese de

ofl and variety of ere contrat, at wel
rome thecal fect! chal ly
‘stn! moiel thal Inearporate thee lets ae bring
Alselope! within bot NASTRAN anil ABAQUS. =
tell se ther orate exes 3 The seen lft i
leverage the avaliable recent develop

Ts operating coviesnmeat will an the rr to
rontinnain fom seginen moves the bigest loading
ie expected be win the cuutinauny flow regis
ffoxe oe
FUNSD>*

‘hue laaary scroheraoyemune ede
Glehin the NASA Lagley Retcarch Coute
Cetvcerimodestie aualsacs ee LoUBA2"
find CFLSD.S? These codes hose, oF Will hese hoot
Doratod, the apptopriate seotLenmady anc models
Tutu equibeiuen, wosequilltaiannsenistey onl
Shfons savalvety. Since the ceaphing of etal sons

faty wl be ese. Resor prelim ney algae a
onbgmtatinsensetice hae iepoved tal gy cat
Fed gow and viscoms flrs Ty the ese td,

fia anol remoeloaie computations ct he permed

Wikis les Hheweven, hecatee af he comple ve
Tele ballute shape a igi Mach mtaber, Inninae
‘nd pres tearitcna visconanslyis selec
Cations are ceewira) roenswdie nugaes ie

provide

Temosnbly seeureie seaulie lo carbalent ly pensore

‘nitinae wil be eequ ed Turbulent son

lear vices trenepoct (S57) sl of Mense

lowe” Static anusontic anaes cat Ie panned
ith thos: successive Levels of fidelity asing « boos

Coupling s'sbe C2D aad PBA sad,

Prediction of che onset of flater will re
ditional clesaly coupled snaiysss.Uspeteonic pars]
luster and aypercnic vehicle acrosrvocastic sab

ity have ocen addreseed arcugi well establish’ y=
pessone setecastic enalyses, he atodynamie the
fry for these analyses Fev typically bor lessica or
igxctlized linear and neninetepistanthoory. hyper
‘onc small disursanee thoory er the perturbed Luler
rusthed #4! These requir the assumption of a thin
body auc shasp leding edge and can be peasoaably
ppl to hing eufsece ot skorp nocd bodive of
evolution, Aoroclastic analysis of Sul bodies bos

feovival tic fess atisulion owing tothe oanplen
ity oe flow fel behiy! elected ba shock al
Ue ners of nel wling vise ffs Ps Tae
tae sels of “het fis ble, vine eh

itgeliely supe olan of the hypensnie ow Fell
ad mal ations ofthe fi strane ll 6a
When peesle satem idenifeation or ander nln
tion tetriqnes ill be used to apare computational
Ht. Ws trepnt exsenpie of nh 2 sli Fu

lap and Navier-Stokes aerothernnoetatie soptaton
Ihave beet performed for fatter onaee 2 clad winge
nd a geveic veentiy vehicle at Mach T15,"
The wing structure was micdsed in a medal see
sithin the CED sade ann anos spstan ideation:
flor tenigoss west to determine fater ant
lnceeating outsorae of one 0° tase ses i th ine
Dorlarse of viscous effets even iz computing Autier
fset Cor 9 tlativee cn wing keporoaic dow

Concluding Remsrke
As the suey pirssated ip tals paper incase, the
otocestc arsiyss o° a thi ballute will bs 3
ajar tecnica! ehalleag> Many isues sill hove t=
be ttessed the stecaral sa terolaetic testing
pt tie eampatationsl modeling stages, Verification

ff fini element stauctnes! sod! and the oo
Ming plosslurs sill be saya efre thsse tool
fn be sgl fer desig Materia properties such
ground tse te. Esti provecines af sale
Mal be lle sch a Thulin in thi
bee, for tirae mocring, reds! analysis a fr

he coupled uidjstrctie ingestion and aerelsti
anaysi, Validation onl be eased by comperinon
fot bath stetic and Aysarie aortic repens with
trind tunnel test measurements, These steps shad
five the cenfience-necesery for ust te ll sale

‘esga,
References
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Adis as0 ans SSeentea!

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tolg Ten fo" suse ant Sousie Sousa, 2a

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st eset Gap How nk Ctabeetoe oi Suture

Stuctnl vanes and Muetigs Confort, os SAN

hynomice ves nin Centon, So

te Kien mln

Sime epemone to” alt
co vcsspa tool FAAST Hoe ALLA Coe