A preliminary study of the moss genus Isopterygium in Latin America

12 Pages·1991·7.1 MB·English

by  Ireland, Robert R

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE MOSS GENUS
ISOPTERYGIUM IN LATIN AMERICA
ROBERT R. IRELAND
Canadian Museum of Nature, Botany Division, P.D. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada KIP 6P4.
Resumen
Se presenta el estudio taxon6mico preliminar del genero Isopterygium (Hypnaceae), musgo
pleurocarpico, en tatinoamerica. Selocalizaron yexaminaron 78ejemplares tipo de los92taxa
reconocidos, de acuerdo con el Index Muscorum, para Mexico, Centro y Sur America. EI
detallado estudio nomenclatural permiti6 reconocer para laregi6n siete especies: Isopterygium
affusum Mitt., I. byssobolax (C. Mull.) PaL, I. miradoricum (C. Mull.) Jaeg. & Sauerb, I.
subbrevisetum (Hampe) Broth., I. sobglobosum Herz., I.tenerifolium Mitt. e I.tenerum (Sw.)
Mitt. Se provee una clave para laidentificaci6n de lasespecies, sudistribuci6n conocida yla
lista de sin6nimos para cada una de elias. Algunos taxa anteriormente ubicados en
Isopterygium fue necesario transferirlos a otros taxa, 10 cual requiere las siguientes
combinaciones nuevas: Wijkia alstonii (Bartr.) Irel. (Isopterygium elstonii Bartr.),
Pseudotaxiphyl/um homomal/ifolium (Redf.) Irel. (Isopereygium homomal/ifolium Redf.),
Pseudotaxiphyl/um machrisianum (Crum) Irel. (Taxiphyllum machrisianum Crum),
Pseudotaxiphyl/um richardsii (Bartr.) Irel. (Isopterygium richardsii Bartr.)
Abstract
A preliminary taxonomic study was conducted onthepleurocarpous moss genus Isopterygium
in Latin America. The types of 78 the 92 taxa recognized for Mexico, Central and South
America byIndex Muscorum were located andexamined. Synonymy was found tobeextensive
with only seven species presently being recognized for the region, including Isopterygium
affusum Mitt., I. byssobolax (C. Mull.) Par.. I. miradoricum (C. Mull.) Jaeg. & Sauerb., I.
subbrevisetum (Hampe) Broth., I.subglobosum Herz., I.teneritolium Mitt. and I.tenerum (Sw.)
Mitt. Akey to the identification of the species, their known distribution and a list of synonyms
for each species is provided. It was necessary to transfer some of the taxa formerly placed
inIsopterygium intoother genera which required thefollowing newcombinations: Wijkiaalstonii
(Bartr.) Irel. (Isopterygium alstonii Bartr.), Pseudotaxiphyl/um homomallifolium (Redf.) Irel.
(Isopterygium homomal/ifolium Redf.), Pseudotaxiphyl/um machrisianum (Crum) Irel.
(Taxiphyl/um machrisianum Crum), Pseudotaxiphyllum richardsii (BartL) Irel. (Isopterygium
richardsii Bartr.).
lsoptetygium isataxonomically difficult pleuro- ferred from Hypnum, 1. brachyneuron (c.
carpous moss genus in the family Hypnaceae. Mull.) Mitt., 1. chrismarii (c. Mull.) Mitt., 1.
It is one of 40 genera presently placed in the curvicolle (c. Mull.) Mitt., 1. leucophyllum
family (Vitt, 1984) and one that has been diffi- (Hampe) Mitt., 1. tenerum (Sw.) Mitt. These
cult to define since it was described by Mitten species were all from a number of localities in
(1869). the West Indies, Mexico and S-outh America.
They were distinguished from one another on
Mitten (1869) described Isopterygium as fol the basis of a few macroscopic leaf characters,
lows: stem procumbent, branches of unequal generally leaf shape and the form of the apex.
length, arranged in fascicles. Leaves complana-
te, distichous, three upper rows (a central and In the years following Mitten's (1869) descrip-
intermediate ones) scarcely evident, three lower tion, lsopterygium unfortunately became a
rows undifferentiated, very shortly bicostate, catch-all genus for a number of miscellaneous
cells narrow, smooth. Capsule inclined or hori- complanate-foliate and difficult to determine
zontal, oblong, cilia united into one. He placed pleurocarpous mosses. Its size swelled enor-
eight species within the new genus; three that mously during the next century, with many bryo-
he described, 1. affusum Mitt., 1. planissimum logists adding taxa either by describing new
Mitt., 1.tenerifolium Mitt. and five that hetrans- species orby transferring them from other gene-
Caldasia 16(78): 265·276. 1991 265
ra, especially Hypnum. This activity resulted in adjacent regions that it is impossible to apply
an unwieldy, vaguely defined genus comprising specific names with any satisfaction. Any prac-
about 390 taxa as enumerated in Index Musco- tical understanding of the group must await a
rum (Wijk et. al. 1964, 1969). thorough revisional study". I formed the same
opinion when I treated the lsopterygium taxa
During the last 25years, Zennoske Iwatsuki has for the projected Manual of Mexican Mosses
done more than any bryologist to clarify the (Sharp, 1977). Itwas because of this poor un-
taxonomy of lsopterygium. His studies of Taxi- derstanding of Isopterygium and my previous
phyllum (1963), Herzogiella (1965, including interest in the genus that I started this revision
the segregates DoJichotheca, Sharpiella), Pla- of the Latin American species in 1987.
giothecium (1970), lsopterygiopsis (1970) and
recently, lsopterygium and Pseudotaxiphyllum There are92taxaoflsopterygium currently recog-
(1987) have helped considerably in the classifi- nized by Index Muscorum (Wijk et al. 1964,
cation of this difficult and disorganized genus. 1969) and Ireland (1984) for Mexico, Central
The work by Ireland on the North American and South America. Thus far, my study has
(1969) and Mexican (1984) lsopterygium spe- concentrated on locating the types of these 92
cies also has helped to a certain extent. species and varieties (Table 2).Allbut 14(mostly
described byCarl Muller and destroyed atBerlin)
lsopterygium in Latin America has received lit- of the 92 types were found and examined.
tle taxonomic attention and a revision of the
genus for this region is long overdue. Almost This type study revealed that seven of the 78
40 years ago Bartram (1949) made a statement taxa whose types were examined are neither in
in his Mosses of Guatemala (see discussion of Isopterygium nor in the closely related genera
1.miradoricum (c. Miill.) Jaeg. &Sauerb.) that lsopterygiopsis or Pseudotaxiphyllum. Of these
probably expresses the sentiments ofmany Latin seven taxa, two are more suitably placed inPla-
American bryologists. He stated "So many clo- giothecium, two in Mittenothamnium, and one
sely allied species have been described from each in Lepyrodon, Wijkia and Platydictya (see
,
Figure1. SomediagnosticcharactersofIsopterygium, Pseudotaxiphyllum andIsopterygiopsis referredtoinTable1.
266
CHARACTER ISOPTERYGIUM PSEUDOTAJaPHYLLUM ISOPTERYGIOPSIS
Rhizoids Bellow leaf Below leaf Inleafax.ils:
insertion; smooth insertion; smooth papillose
Pseudoparaphyllia Filamentous Lacking Lacking
Cordical stem Cells small and Cells and Cellslargeand
Cells thick-walled thick-walled thin-walled or
smalland
thick-walled
Propagula Filamentous or Various types Cylindrical or
lacking ofbranch lets fusiform
Leaf margins Usually serrate atapex Usually serrateatapex Usually entireatapex
Sexuality Usuallyautoicous Usuallydioicous Autoicous ordioicous
Annulus Lacking Differentiated Differentiated
Table 1 Comparison of important characteristics of Isopterygium, Pseudotaxiphyllum and Isopterygiopsis,
modified from Iwatsuki, 1987 (See Fig. 1).
Table 2). Itthus becomes necessary to make the (1987) described it. In Latin America the genus
following new combination: is represented by P. distichaceum (Mitt.) Iwats.
and three other species that require new combi-
Wijkia alstonii (Bartr.) IreI., comb. nov. nations:
Isopterygium alstonii Bartr., Bryologist 56: 168.
1953. Type: "Venezuela. Federal Dist., Pico de Pseudotaxiphyllum homomallifolium
EI Avila, alt. 2000 m., Dec. 17, 1938", Alston (Redf.) IreI., comb. nov.
5574c. (Holotype PH!; Isotypes BM! US!). Isopterygium homomallifolium Redf., Bryologist 76:
440. 1973. Type: Texas, Kimble Co., along North
The remaining 71 Latin American taxa whose Llano River ca. 1/2 mile south of Roosevelt,
types were studied belong inthe genus Isoptery- Redfearn 27190. (Holotype NY!).
gium or itsclose relatives Isopterygiopsis Iwats.
(Iwatsuki, 1970) and Pseudotaxiphyllum, recen- Pseudotaxiphyllum machrisianum (Crum)
tly described by Iwatsuki (1987). A summary of IreI., comb. nov.
the main characters used to differentiate the three Taxiphyllum machrisianum Crum, Contr. Sci. Los
genera is presented in Table 1and illustrated in Angeles Mus. 18:5. 1957. Type: Brazil, 4 km N
Figure I. of Veadeiros, Chapada dos Veadeiros, Goias,
Dawson 14743a. (Isotype CANM!)
Synonymy ofthe 71taxa was extensive, asthere Isopterygium machrisianum (Crum) Irel., Bryologist
are only two legitimate taxa recognized in Isop- 87: 356. 1985.
terygiopsis, four in Pseudotaxiphyllum and se-
ven in Isopterygium (Table 2). Pseudotaxiphyllum richardsii (Bartr.) Irel.,
comb. nov.
The genus Isopterygiopsis isrepresented inLatin Isopterygium richardsii Bartr., Bryologist 44: 64.
America by the only two know species, 1.mue- 1941. Type: Mexico, Sonora, Imuris, along Rio
Ileriene (Schimp.) Iwats. and 1. pulchella de los Alisos, Richards & Drouet 757 (Holotype
F!; Isotype F!, DUKE!). 11mi. NE of Baviacora,
(Hedw.) Iwats. The latter had not been pre-
Richards, Drouet & Lockhart 676. (Paratype F!,
viously reported from Latin America but both
TENN!)
I fuegianum Besch. and 1. leptoplumosum
(Dus.) Card. from Chile appear to be similar in
every important character and are considered One othertaxon, Isopterygium elegansvar. nanum
here to be new synonyms. (Jur.) Jaeg. & Sauerb. (= Pseudotaxiphyllum
elegans (Brid.) Iwats. ?), may also be present
Seven species know from Japan were placed in in Argentina (Matteri, 1986) but the specimen
the genus Pseudotaxiphyllum when Iwatsuki has not yet been seen to confirm the report.
267
Ireland: Isopterygium
Removal of the segregate genera Isopterygiopsis dies sometimes present on stems and branches,
and Pseudotaxiphyllum from Isopterygium makes uniseriate, filamentous, multicellular bodies
it more homogenous and easier to define. The with papillose cells. Stem and branch leaves
seven accepted Latin American species remaining similar, rigid or flaccid, crowded and imbricate
in Isopterygium as a result of this type study are to remote, erect-spreading or squarrose, com-
J. affusum Mitt., I. byssobolax (c. Mull.) Par., monly complanate-foliate, sometimes contorted
J. miradoricum (c. Miill.) Jaeg. & Sauerb., I. when dry, smooth, flat or somewhat concave,
subglobosum Herz., I. subbrevisetum (Hampe) symmetric orasymmetric, non-decurrent orrarely
Broth., I.tenerifolium Mitt. and J. tenerum (Sw.) with 1-2 cells decurrent, ovate or lanceolate,
Mitt. A total of 40 taxa described from Latin sometimes oblong, acute to acuminate; margins
America were found to be synonymous with the plane to erect, sometimes recurved at base,
widespread and extremely variable I. tenerum. serrulate above the middle, mostly entire below,
The large number of synonyms for this species, sometimes entire throughout; costa short and
which is also the type of the genus (Iwatsuki & double, sometimes lacking; cells often f1exuose,
Crosby, 1979), was more or less predicted after thin to firm-walled, linear-fusiform, smooth,
aNorth American study ofIsopterygium (Ireland, with walls notpittedoroccasionally thoseofbasal
1969). It is interesting that three (l. affusum, I. cellspitted;alarcellsusually clearly differentiated,
tenerifolium. J. tenerum) of the eight species re- quadrate to rectangular, rarely transversely
cognized inIsopterygium when Mitten (1869) first elongate. Autoicous or rarely dioicous; perigonia
described it are among those presently accepted scattered along the stems; perichaetia at base of
in the genus. Three others are considered syno- stems, leaves oblong-Ianceolate, gradually
nyms ofJ. tenerum (J. brachyneuron, L-curvicolle, acuminate, margins plane. Setae smooth,
I. leucophyllum). The type of one, J. chrismarii, elongate, straight to curved, usually twisted,
has not been located and the remaining one, J. yellow, brown or reddish brown; capsules incli-
planissimum, which is placed in Plagiothecium ned to cemuous, or sometimes erect, straight or
by Index Muscorum (Wijk et. aI., 1964), isnow curved when mature, brown to red-brown, cylin-
considered a synonym of Taxiphyllum taxira- dric, ellipsoid or ovoid, smooth or sometimes
meum (Mitt.) Fleisch. (Ireland, 1969). wrinkled at neck when dry, usually contracted
below the mouth when dry; operculum conic to
Because of recent "taxonomic studies, it is now short-rostrate, shorter than the urn; annulus none;
possible toclearly delimit thegenus Isopterygium peristome double, exostome teeth cross-striolate
so it can be readily recognized in Latin America below, papillose above, bordered, trabeculate at
and elsewhere. back; endostome with a high to low basal mem-
brane, keeled segments, and cilia shorter than
Isopterygium Mitt., J. Linn. Soc. bot. 12: 21.
the segments and in groups of 1-3, sometimes
1869. Type: I. tenerum (Sw.) Mitt., J. Linn.
absent. Spores spherical to ovoid, smooth or
Soc. Bot. 12:499. 1869. (Lectotype selected
minutely papillose. Calyptra cucullate, smooth,
b Iwatsuki & Crosby, 1979).
naked.
Basionym: Hypnum tenerum Sw., Fl. Ind.
Keyto Isopterygiurn ofMexico,Central
aCc. 3: 1817, 1806. Type: Habitat in truncis
arborum Jamaicae montosae. (Holotype? S!; and South America
Isotype? BM!, C!) 1a. Leaves narrowly lanceolate, mostly more than 3
times as long asbroad, distant, wide-spreading to
Plants often complanate, small to medium sized, squarrose, straight and symmetric (Costa Rica,
in thin to dense, light-to yellow-green glossy Brazil) ..: 7 I. subbrevisetum
1b. Leaves ovate toovate-Ianceolate, mostly lessthan
mats. Stems creeping, simple or sparingly and
3times aslong asbroad, close, erect tosquarrose,
irregularly branched, cortical cellssmallandthick- often curved and asymmetric 2
walled in cross-section, surrounding larger, thin- 2a. Leaves erect, usually less than 1 mm long; alar
ner walled cells, central strand usually absent; cells strongly differentiated, 4-10quadrate toshort-
rectangular cells onmargins (Argentina, Brazil)
rhizoids smooth, on ventral surface of stems and
................................................... 4. I.byssobolax
branches just belowjuncture of leaves; pseudopa-
2b. Leaves spreading to squarrose, often more than 1
raphyllia filamentous. Asexual reproductive bo- mm long; alar cells weakly differentiated,
268 Caldasia Vol. 16. 1991
sometimes 1-2quadrate to short-rectangular cells Hypnum hospitans Hampe, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. ser
on margins 3 5,5: 313.1866. Type: Bogota, Tequendama, 2500
3a. Plants aquatic; leaves 1-3 mm long (Honduras, m, Aug. 1863, A. Lindig. (Holotype BM!; Isotype
Brazil) 3. I. affusum M!)
3b. Plants terrestrial; leaves 0.7-1.5 mm long 4
4a. Capsules erect or rarely inclined, not or scarcely Isopterygium curvicolle (c. MUll.) Mitt., J. Linn.
contracted below mouth when dry (Guatemala, Soc. Bot. 12:498. 1869.
Mexico) 5. I. miradoricum
4b. Capsules inclined tohorizontal, rarely erect, usually Isopterygium leucophyllum (Hampe) Mitt., J. Linn.
strongly contracted below mouth when dry 5 Soc. Bot. 12:499. 1869.
5a. Capsules subglobose, about asbroad as long, not
contracted below mouth when dry(Bolivia) ... Hypnum cordovense C. Mull., Linnaea 38: 651.
..... 6. I.subglobosum 1874. Type: Mexico, Cordova, C. Mohr, Sept.
5b. Capsules ovoid to ellipsoid, longer than broad, 1857. (Holotype? US!; Isotype? NY!)
strongly contracted below mouth when dry ...... 6
Hypnum leptomiton C. MUll., Linnaea 38:652. 1874.
6a. Plants large, stems often 2-4 cm long; leaves 1-1.5
mm long; setae usually 2-3 cm long; asexual Type: Guatemala. G. Bernoulli. (Holotype BM!;
reproductive bodies lacking (Costa Rica, Bolivia, Isotype H!)
Brazil, Ecuador, Guyana) ........ 2. I. tenerifolium
Rhynchostegium micans (Sw.) Aust., Bot. Gaz. I:
6b. Plants small, stems seldom over 2cm long; leaves
0.7-1.2 cm long; setae usually 0.5-1.2 cm long; 30. 1875
asexual reproductive bodies sometimes present on
Hypnum laxum Hampe, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For.
stems, filamentous, multicelular, with papillose
Kjoebenh. ser. 3,6: 166. 1875. (illeg. horn.) Type:
cells (Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Panama,
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Brazil, vicinity ofRiodeJaneiro, A. Glaziou7197.
Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Venezuela) ...... (Holotype BM!; Isotypes H!, JE!)
.......................................................1..I.tenerum
Hypnum divaricatu/um C. MUll. ex Hampe, Vid.
Medd. Naturh. For. Kjoebenh. ser 3,6: 167.
1.Isopterygium tenerum (Sw.) Mitt., J. Linn
1875. Type: Brazil, vicinia urbis Rio de Janeiro,
Soc. London, Bot. 12; 499. 1869.
A. Glaziou5611.(Holotype BM!;Isotypes H!,JE!)
Hypnum tenerum Sw., Fl. Ind. Occ. 3: 1817. 1806.
Hypnum lamprophyllum Hampe, Vid. Medd. Naturh.
Type: Habitat intruncisarborum Jamaicae montosae
For. Kjoebenh. ser. 3,6: 167. 1875. (illeg. hom.)
(Holotype? S! Isotypes? BM!, C!)
Type: Brazil, vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, A. Glaziou
lsothecium tenerum (Sw.) Brid., Bryol. Univ. 2:385. 6357. (Holotype BM!; Isotype H!)
1827.
Ectropothecium clandestinum Aongstr., Oefv. K.
Hypnum micans Sw., Adnot. Bot. 175. 1829. Type: Vet. Ak. Forh. 33(4): 43. 1876. Type: Brazil,
In America septentrionali: Miihlenberg. Caldas. G.A. Lindberg, June 1854. (Isotypes
BM!, H!)
Hypnum sp/endidulum Hornsch., F. Bras. 1(2): 77.
1840. Type: In Serra dos Orga6s, Feb., Beyrich; Isopterygium streptopodium Besch., Ann. Sci. Nat.
prope Tijuca in vicinia Rio de Janeiro, O/fera, Bot. ser.6,3: 257. 1876.Type: Guadeloupe, chemin
Sellow, Merkel; inserra d'Estrella etprope urbem de la Soufriere (Husnot, exsicc., no. 184).
S. Pauli. (Lectotype-Beyrich specimen BM!) (Hopotype BM!)
Hypnum fu/vum Hook. & Wils. in Drumm., Musci
Isopterygium hospitans (Hampe) Jaeg. & Sauerb.,
Amer. (Southern States) 110. 1841. (illeg. hom.)
Ber. St.Gall. Naturw. Ges. 1876-77: 434.1878.
(non Brid. 1801, nee (Harv.) C. MUll, 1851)type:
Louisiana. (Isotypes NY!, WTU!) lsopterygium cordovense (c. Miill.) Jaeg. &Sauerb.,
Ber. St.Gall. Naturw. Ges. 1876-77: 436.1878.
Hypnum brachyneuron C. MUll., Bot. Zeit. 3: 109.
1845. Type: Brazil. (Isotypes? H!, NY!) lsopterygium leptomiton (c. Mull.) Jaeg. &Sauerb.,
Ber. St.Gall. Naturw. Ges. 1876-77: 436.1878.
Hypnum curvicolle C. MUll., Syn. 2: 684. 1851.
("um") Type: Brasilia, insula S. Catharinae, Pabst, P/agiothecium fu/vum (Hook. & Wils.) Jaeg. &
April and May 1847. (Isotypes H!, JE!) Sauerb., Ber. St. Gall. Naturw. Ges. 1876-77:
450. 1878.
Hypnum leucophyllum Hampe in C. Mull., Syn. 2:
280. 1851. Type: Chile ad arbores. (Holotype Hypnum brscnystetium Hampe, Vid. Medd. Naturh.
BM!) For. Kjoebenh. ser. 4,l: 139. 1879. Type: Prope
Ireland: Isoplerygium 269
Novo Friburgo in ramis leg. Beyrich. (Holotype 1895. (Based on same type as Hypnum laxum
BM!) Hampe).
Hypnum citrinum Hampe, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For. Plagiothecium radicisetum C. Mull., Malpighia 10:
Kjoebenh. ser. 4,1: 142.1879. Type: Brazil, Serra 515. 1896. Type: Guyana, prope Georgetown ad
dos Orgaos. (Holotype BM!) cataractas "Marshall falls" fluvii Mazaruni a CI.
J. Quelch collecti. (lsotype BM!)
HypnumcactiC. Mull., Linnaea42: 437.1879. Type:
Argentina Uruguensis, Concepcion del Uruguar, Plagiothecium micans (Sw.) Par., Index Bryol. (Ed.
sub Cacteis in Quinta del Colegio, fine April, 1) 963. 1896.
1876,.P.G. Lorentz. (Isotypes IE!, H!)
Plagiothecium micans var. fulvum (Hook. & Wils.)
Hypnum eutrypherum C.MUll.,Linnaea 42:497. 1879. Par., Index Bryol. (Ed. 1)963. 1896.
Type: Venezuela, prope Colonian Tovar, 1855, A.
Taxicaulis adfIatus C. Mull., Hedwigia 36: 115.
Fendler 153. (Isotypes BM!, H!)
1897. Type: Argentinia subtropica Tucumanensis
Hypnum restitutum Hampe, Vid. Medd. Naturh. For. prope Tucunan; P.G. Lorentz Martio 1872.
Kjoebenh. ser. 4,I: 141. 1879. Type: In vicinia (Isotype H!)
Rio de Janeiro sub Nr. 7163 et 7455 interrnixtum
Taxicaulis cylindraceus C. Mull., Nuov. Giorn. Bot.
parce legitGlaziou. (Lectotype-7163 BM!, Syntype
Ital. n. ser. 4: 151. 1897. Type: Bolivia, Prope
7455 H!)
Choquecamata provinciae Cochabamba, june 1889.
Ectropothecium laxum Jaeg. & Sauerb., Ber. St. Germain, (Isotype H!)
Gall. Naturw. Ges. 1877-78: 266. 1880. (Based
Taxicaulis trichopelma C. Mull., Bull. Herb. Boiss.
on same type as Hypnum laxum Hampe)
5: 210. 1897. Type: Guatemala, Alta Vera Paz,
Ectropothecium lamprophyllum Jaeg &Sauerb., Ber. Pansanala, 3800 ped. a1t.intruncis (filicinis?) Dec.
St. Gall. Naturw. Ges. 1877-78: 266. 1880. (Based 1887 cum fructibus valde maturis, Tiirckheim.
onsame type asHypnum lamprophyllum Hampe) (Holotype BM!)
Hypnum chlorosum Hampe, Flora 64:414. 1881.Type: !sopterygium chlorosum (Hampe) Par., Ind, Bryol.
Prope Rio de Janeiro: Gaziou 11733. (Holotype 706. 1897.
BM!, Isotype H!)
!sopterygium eutrypherum (c. Mull.) Par., Ind. Bryol.
!sopterygium cacti (c. Miill.) Kindb., Enum. Bryin 707. 1897.
Exot. 20. 1888.
Taxicaulis weigeltii C. Mull., Hedwigia 37: 252.
!sopterygium micans (Sw.) Kindb., Enum. Bryin 1898. ("i") Type: Surinam: Weigelt. (Isotype? H!)
Exot. 21. 1888.
Taxicaulis rufisetulus C. MUll., Hedwigia 37: 253.
!sopterygium subtenerum Besch., J. de Bot. 5: 348. 1898. Type: Cuba, sine loco natale.- Charles
1891. Type: Paraguay, Cordillere de Peribebui, Wright, III. 96 (Isotype? H!)
juillet 1879. Balansa, 3690. (Holotype BM!)
Taxicaulis araneosetus C. Mtill., Hedwigia 37: 255.
!sopterygium guarapense Besch., J. de Bot. 5: 349. 1898. Type Insula Trinidad Antillarum, prope
1891. Type: Paraguay, Guarapi, sur les ecorces Maroval, Julio 1847. Cruger (lsotype? H!)
d'arbres, 1878. Balansa, 36!9. (Holotype? BM!,
Isotype H!) !sopterygium cal1ochlorum Broth., Bih. K. Svensk .
Vet. Ak. Handl. 26 Afd. 3(7): 48. 1900. Type:
!sopterygium brachystelium (Hampe) Kindb., Enum. Paraguay: Santo Antonio, colonia 'Elisa', C.A.M.
Bryin. Exot. 100. 1891. Lindman 23Ib. (Holotype H!)
!sopterygium citrinum (Hampe) Kindb., Enum. Bryin.
Microthamnium angustirete Broth., Bih. K. Svensk.
Exot. 100. 1891.
Vet. Ak. Handl. 26 Afd. 3(7): 48. 1900. Type:
Rhaphidostegium micans (Sw.) Ren. &Card., Rev. Rio Grande do SuI.: S. Leopoldo, Hamburger
Bryol. 20: 21. 1893. Berg, C.A.M. Lindman 115. (Holotype H!)
!sopterygium fulvum (Hook. &Wils.) Kindb., Can. !sopterygium adfIatum (C. Mtill.) Par., Ind. Bryol.
Rec. Sci. 6(2): 72. 1894. Suppl. 217. 1900.
lsopterygium laxum (Jaeg. & Sauerb.) Broth., Bih. !sopterygium araneosetum (C. Mull.) Par., Ind. Bryol.
K. Svensk. Vet. Ak. Handl. 21 Afd. 3(3): 56. Suppl. 218. 1900. ("araucosetum")
270 Caldasia Vol. 16. 1991
Isopterygium cylindraceum (C. Mull.) Par., Ind. Isopterygium weigeltii (C. Mull.) Broth., Nat. Pfl.
Bryol. Suppl. 218. 1900. 1(3): 1081. 1908.
Isopterygium rufisetulum (C. Mull.) Par., Ind. Bryol. Isopterygium angustirete (Broth.) Broth., Nat. Pfl.
Suppl. 220. 1900. 1(3): 1082. 1908.
Plagiothecium bromeliophilum C. Mull., Hedwigia Isopterygium aurantiacum (C. Mull.) Broth., Nat.
40: 59. 1901. Type: Brasilia, Sa. Catharina, Pfl. 1(3): 1082. 1908.
Tubarao, prope Conconhaz, Oct. 1889, E. VIe
Isopterygium bromeliophi1um (C. Mull.) Broth., Nat.
769. (Isotype H!)
Pfl. 1(3): 1082. 1908.
Plagiothecium aurantiacum C. Mull., Hedwigia 40:
Isopterygium flaviusculum (C. Mull.) Broth., Nat.
60. 1901. Type: Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro, Restinga
Pfl. 1(3): 1082. 1908.
de Maua, Aug. 1896,E. We 2145. (Isotype H!)
Isopterygium pseudotenerum (Broth. & Kindb.)
Plagiothecium flaviusculum C. Miill., Hedwigia 40:
Broth., Nat. Pfl. 1(3): 1082. 1908.
59. 1901. Type: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, Restinga
de Maua, Aug. 1897. E. VIe 1941. (Isotypes! Isopterygium radicisetum (C. MUll.) Broth., Nat. Pfl.
BM!, JE!) 1(3): 1082. 1908.
Taxicaulis bahienseC. Mull., Hedwigia40: 65. 1901. Isopterygium afflictum (C. Miill.) Broth., Nat. Pfl.
Type: Brasilia, Bahia: Salzmann (Isotype? H!) 1(3): 1083. 1908.
Taxicaulis afflictus C.Mull., Hedwigia 40: 68. 1901. Isopterygium fabroniiforme (C. Miill.) Broth., Nat.
Type: Brasilia, Goyaz, prope Mossamedes, Jan. Pfl. 1(3): 1083. 1908. "fabroniaeforme"
1893, E. We 1616 (Isotype US!)
Isopterygium peruvianum Broth., Bot. Jahrb. 56
Tsxicsulis emmophilus C. Miill., Hedwigia 40: 66.
(Beibl. 123): 21. 1920. Type: Peru, Prov. Sandia:
1901. Type: Brasilia, Sa. Catharina, Campo de
Churchusmayo; Wald, auf faulendem Holz; 900 m
Jaguarone, Laguna, in solo arenoso, Aug. 1889:
7July 1902, 1253,A. Weberbauer 1253. (Holotype
E. VIe 780. (Isotypes HI, MI)
H!)
Taxicaulis fabroniiformis C. Miill., Hedwigia 40:69.
Isopterygium femandezianum Broth. in Skottsb.,
1901. Type: Brazil, Goyaz, prope Mossamedes,
Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez 2(12): 440. 1924. Type
Jan. 1893, E. We 1617. (Isotypes NY!, US!)
Masatierra: Injuga Centinela, C. &I. Skottsberg
Plegiotnectum pseudotenerum Broth. & Kindb., ex 479. (Holotype H!)
Kindb., Rev. Bryol. 28: 54. 1901. Type:
Isopterygium femandezianum var. longisetum Broth.
Colombia, near Bonda, in the vicinity of Santa
Marta, Dec. 1898. cr. Baker, (Holotype S!) inSkottsb., Nat. Hist. Juan Fernandez 2(12):440.
1924. Type: Masatierra: Cordon Centinela; 530
Isopterygium curvicolle var. majus Broth, in Bauer, m.s.m. (485). Valle Anson prope Plazoleta; 260
Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien 55: 576, 578, 1905; m.s.m. (491). Cumberland Bay, Pico Central; 390
Rev. Bryol. 32: 11. 1905. (nom. nud.) m.s.m. (492). Valle Colonial, Quebrada seca; 435
m.s.m. (481,484,487). Cerro Piramide; c. 600
Isopterygium ammophilum (c. Mull.) Broth., Nat.
m.s.m. (488). Cordon Salsipuedes; in Dicksonieto;
Pfl. 1(3): 1081. 1908.
660 m.s.m. (480,483). EIYunque; 4-500 m.s.m.
Isopterygium bahiense (C. Mull.) Broth., Nat. Pfl. (482). Villagra, Quebrada de la Choza; c. 250
1(3): 1081. 1908. m.s.m. (486). (Lectotype - 487 H! Syntypes -
480,491 H!)
Isopterygium clandestinum (Aongstr.) Broth., Nat.
Pfl. 1(3): 1081. 1908. Isopterygium brachyneuroides Broth., Denkschr. Ak
Wiss. Wien Math. Nat. KI. 83: 327. 1926. Type:
lsoptetygium divaricatulum (Hampe) Broth., Nat.
Brazil, Sao Paulo. Ininsula 'I1haComprida' prope
Pfl. 1(3): 1081. 1908.
urbem Iguape, V. Schiffner 362. (Holotype H!,
Isopterygium 1amprophyllum (Jaeg. & Sauerb.) Isotype BM!)
Broth., Nat. Pfl. 1(3): 1081. 1908. (Based on
Isopterygium diminutivum Bartr., J. Washington
same type as Hypnum lamprophyllum Hampe)
Acad. Sci. 18: 581. 1928. "dimunitivum" Type:
Isopterygium splendidulum (Hornsch.) Broth., Nat. Tuxpan, State ofJalisco, Mexico, November 3, 1926,
Pfl. 1(3): 1081. 1908. Mrs. Ynes Mexia, 1028 a. (Holotype US!)
Ireland: Isoplerygium 271
2. Isopterygium tenerifolium Mitt., J. Linn. arboris vetustoo, Junio 1883: Vie 508. (Lectotype
Soc. Bot. 12:499: 1869. Type: Fl. Amazon, - 511 H!; Isosyntypes - 509, 513 H!)
in ripis praeruptis secus Obidos, Spruce,
Plagiothecium restingae C..Mull, Hedwigia 40: 60.
1060. (Holotype NY!; Isotype BM!)
1901. Type: Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro, Restinga de
Maua, insylvapalustri adtruncos arborum putridos,
Ectropothecium longisetum Schimp. ex Besch., Ann.
Sci.Nat. Bot.ser.6,3:258. 1876.Type:Guadeloupe, Julio 1896:E. VIe2144. (Lectotype H!;Isolectotype
M!)
sur la terra, au bord du chemin de la Soufriere
Husnot 169. (Holotype BM!; Isotypes Ml, NYl) Plagiothecium restingae var. tenue C. Miill., Hedwigia
40: 60. 1901. Type: Brazil, Nova Friburgo, in
Plagiothecium villae-ricae Besch., Mem. Soc. Sci.
Capoeira, 1000malt., April 1895E. VIe. (lsotype
Nat. Cherbourg 21: 271. 1877. Type: Paraguay
Guaira, Villa rica, Balansa 12/0. (Isotype NY!) BM')
Plagiothecium jamaicense C. Mull., Hedwigia 40:61.
lsoptetygium longisetum Broth., Bih. K. Svensk. Vet.
1901.Type: Jamaica borealis, inmontibus humidis:
Ak. Handl. 21 Afd. 3(3): 55. 1895. Type: Prov.
O. Hansen 1897. (lsotype NY!)
Minas Geraes, Caldas, ad ligna putrida stagni
(Mosen n. 471) et prope Capivary, ad terram hu- Isoptetygium fecundum Ren. & Card., Bull. Soc. R.
midam silvulae (n. 439), Serra deCaldas, adligna Bot. Belg. 41(1): 140. 1905. Type: Costa Rica,
putrida instagno silvae primaevae (n. 469). Provo Potrero del Alto (2460 m.), massif du volcan de
S. Paulo, inter Campinas et Serra de Caracol, ad Poas, H. Pittiet 5735. (Isotype US!)
terram humidam, Mosen 470. (Lectotype - 471 Isoptetygium manaosense Broth., Hedwigia 45: 286.
HI Syntypes - 439,469,470 HI)
1906. Type: Estado de Amazonas: Manaos, auf
Sumpfboden, 2331, 1978, Bryoth. brasil. n. 280).
Taxicaulis stigmocarpus C. Miill., Nuov. Giorn. Bot.
(Lectotype - 280 H!; Syntypes - 2331 H!, BM!)
Ital.n.ser.4: 150.1897.Types:propeChoquecamata
provinciae Cochabamba Bolivianae, Germain Isopterygium longisetum (Besch.) Broth., Nat. Pfl.
II73b. (Lectotype M!; Isolectotype H!) 1(3): 1082. 1908. (illeg. hom.)
lsoptetygium restingae (c. Miill.) Broth., Nat. Pfl.
Taxicaulis excelsipes C. Mull., Hedwigia 37: 253.
1(3): 1082. 1908.
1898. Type: Jamaica, near Kingston, 1897, O.
Hansen. (Isotype H!) Isoptetygium paludigenum (C. Mull.) Broth., Nat. Ptl.
1(3): 1082. 1908.
Plagiothecium meteoriaceum C. Miill., Bull. Herb.
Boiss. 6: 120. 1898. Type: Brasilia, Serra Itatiaia, Isoptcrygium vagans Herz., Biblioth. Bot. 87: 152.
2000 m. altum, in terra, Martio 1894, E. VIe 1916. Type: Bolivia, An Wegrandern bei San
1884. (Isotype H!) Miguelito, ca. 1600m, No. 2765. (HolotypeJE!)
lsoptetygium altisetum Crum & Steere, Bryologist 59:
Plagiothecium proximum C. Miill., Hedwigia 38
254. 1956. (Based on same type asEctropothecium
(Beibl.): 59. 1899. nom nud.
lotigisetum Schimp. ex Besch.)
lsoptetygium meteroriaceum (c. Mull.) Par., Ind. )
Bry I.Suppl. 220. 1900. 3. Isopterygium affusum Mitt.iJ. Linn. Soc.
Bot. 12:499. 1869. Type: FI.Negro, adrupes
Isoptetyglum excelsipes (c. Miill.) Par., Ind. Bryol.
cataractae riv. Taruma irroratas, inter, Spru-
Suppl. 219. 1900.
ce, 1059; Brasilia, Sierra de Araripe, prov.
Isoptetygium stigmocarpum (G. Mull.) Par., Ind. Ceara, Gardner 106c. (Spruce specimen se-
Bryol. Suppl. 220. 1900. lected as lectotype by Z. Iwatsuki in 1966.
NY!; Isolectotype BM! Gardner J06c Isosyn-
Plagiothecium paludigenum C. Mull., Hedwigia 40:
type BM!)
58. 1901. Type: Brasilia, Sa. Catharina, Tubarao,
insolopalustri, Octobri 1890:E. U/e912. (Lectotype Isoptetygium herminieri Schimp. exBesch. ,Ann. Sci.
Hl) Nat. Bot. ser. 6,3: 256. 1876. Type: Guadeloupe,
dans lesrivieres ouruisseaux (L'Herminier, inherb.
Plagiothecium Ioncbopelmstum C. Mull., Hedwigia 40:
Schimp.). (Holotype BM! Isotype NY1)
59. 1901.Type: Brasilia, insula saoFrancisco prov.
Sa. Catharina, inarboribus putridis sylvestribus, Ectropothecium submersum Broth., Bih. K. Svensk.
Aug., Sept. et Octobri 1883: E. VIe 509, 51I, Vet. Ale. Handl. 26 Afd. 3(7): 48. 1900. Type:
512, 513 et499. Sa. Catharina, Joinville, intrunco Matto Grosso: insilvaprimaeva 'Poaia' dicta, aquae
272 Caldasla Vol. 16. 1991
clarae rivuli Macoco silvatici submersum (n. 502). Hypnum subbrevisetum Hampe, Vid. Medd. Naturh.
(Holotype H!; Isotype BM!) For. Kjoebenh. ser. 3,6: 165. 1875. Type: Brazil,
vicinity of Rio de Janeiro, A. Glaziou 6356.
lsopterygium submersum (Broth.) Broth., Nat. Pfl.
(Holotype BM!; Isotype H!)
1(3): 1081. 1908.
Taxicaulis subtenerrimus C. Mull., Hedwigia 37:
lsopterygium aquaticum Robins., Bryologist 67:
253. 1895. Type: Jamaica, Bethabara: Rever.
453. 1964. (illeg. hom.) Type: Honduras, Dept.
Wullschlagel. (Isotype NY!)
Francisco Morazan, along Rio Agua Amarilla,
northeastern slopes of Cerro de Uyuca, Morton lsopterygium subtenerrimun (c. Mull.) Par., Ind.
7566. (Holotype US!) Bryol. Suppl. 221. 1900.
lsopterygium irelandii Robins., Bryologist 70: 43. lsopterygium pusillum Ren. & Card., Bull. Soc.
1967.(BasedonsametypeasI.aquaticumRobins.) R. Bot. Belg. 41(1): 107. 1905. Type: Antilles:
Protorico, 1900, A Heller 4495. (Holotype PC!;
4. Isopterygium byssobolax (c. MUll.) Par., Isotype NY!)
Ind. Bryo\. Supp\. 218. 1900.
Isopterygium tenerrimun Ren. & Card., Bull. Soc.
R. Bot. Belg. 41(1): 107. 1905. nom. nud.
Taxicaulis byssobolax C. Mull., Hedwigia 36: 114.
1897.
Type: Argentinia subtropica Tucumanensis, Nomina Dubia
Siamb6n prope Tucuman Sierrae de Tucurnan;
The status ofthe following Latin American taxa
Cuesto de Siamb6n in Aliso-(Alni) regione,
must remain unknown until their types can be
1873: P.G. Lorentz. (Lectotype - "Siamb6n
prope Tucuman", IE!; Isosyntype; - "Cuesto de examined.
Siamb6n", IE!) Isopterygium brevisetum (Homsch.) Broth.,
Taxicaulis pyrrhopus C. MUI!., Hedwigia 36: 116. Nat. Ptl. 1(3): 1081. 1908.
1897. Type: Argentinia subtropica. Chaco, inter
Hypnum brevisetum Hornsch., FI. Bras. 1(2): 78.
Sn. Andres et Oran in arboribus sylvestribus, 17
Sept. 1873. P.G. Lorentz. (Lectotype M!; 1840. Type: Brazil prope Rio de Janeiro, Julio et
Isolectotypes H!, IE!) Augusto Merkel. Type apparently not in BM.
Taxicaulis saprophilus C. Mull., Hedwigia 36: 115. Isopterygium chrismarii (c. MUll.) Mitt., J.
1897. Type: Argentina, Campochico, Aug. 1873, Linn. Soc. Bot. 12: 500. 1869.
P.G. Lorentz. (Lectotype H!)
Hypnum chrismariiC. Mull. Syn. 2:682. 1851.Type:
lsopterygium pyrrhopus (C. Miill.) Par., Ind. Bryol.
Mexico, provo Mechoacan, Centro San Andres,
Supp!. 220. 1900.
Mart. 1849: V. Chrismar. Type not located.
lsopterygium saprophilum (c. Miill.) Par., Ind. Bryol.
Supp!. 220. 1900. Isopterygium exiguum Kindb., Enum. Bryin
Exot. 100. 1891.
5. Isopterygium miradoricum (c. MiiI\.)
Hypnum exiguum Geh. & Hampe in Hampe, Vid.
Jaeg. &Sauerb., Ber. St. Gal\. Naturw. Ges.
Medd. Naturh. For Kjoebenh. ser 4,I: 140. 1879.
1876-77: 436. 1878.
(illeg. hom.) Type: Brazil. Prope Apiahy Junio
Hypnum miradoricum C. Mull., Linnaea 38: 650. 1877, Puiggari, Type apparently not in BM.
1874. Type: "Mexico, Mirador, adtrucos vetustos
sylvestres: Florentin Sartorius Aprili 1873. Isopterygium exile(C. Mull.)Par., Ind. Bryol.
Supp\. 219. 1900.
6. Isopterygium subglobosum Herz., Bli-
blioth, Bot. 87: 151. 1916. Type: Bolivia, Taxicaulis exilis C. Mull., Hedwigia 36: 116. 1897.
Type: Paraguay: Balansa 3619. Type notlocated.
Auf faulem Laub an Bachrandem beim Sillar
(am Weg nach Santa Rosa del Chapare), ca.
Isopterygium fruticola (C. MUll) Par., Ind.
1600 m, No. 2738. (Holotype JE!; Isotype
M!) Bryo\. Supp\. 219. 1900.
Taxicaulis fruticola C. MUll., Hedwigia 37: 252.
7. Isopterygium subbrevisetum (Hampe) i898. "fruticolus" Type: Surinam, ad frutices
Broth., Nat. Ptl. 1(3): 1081. 1908. prope Paramaribo, Aug. 1844; Hermann Kegel.
273
Ireland: Isopterygium
Isopterygium gracillimum (Homsch.) Broth., Texiceulis sapricola C. Mull., Hedwigia 40: 67.
Nat. Pfl. I(3): 1081. 1908. 1901. Type: Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro, Monte
Corcovado "auf Laub" in declivibus, Aug. 1887:
Hypnum gracillimum Homsch., Fl.Bras. 1(2):78. 1840.
E. VIe 165. Type not located.
Type: Brazil InprovoMinarum. Typeapparently not
in BM. TaxicauJis sapricola var. minor C. Mull., Hedwigia
40: 68.1901. Type: Brazil, RiodeJaneiro, Monte
Isopterygium hookeriophilum (c. Mull.) Corcovado, Nov. 1893, E. VIe 1722. Type not
Broth., Nat. Pfl. 1(3): 1083. 1908. located.
TaxicauJis hookeriophilus C. Mull., Hedwigia 40: 67. Isopterygium subcuIVicolle (C. Miil\.) Par.,
1901. Type: Brasilia, Sao Paulo, inter Ind. Bryol. ed. 2.3: 125 1905. ("urn")
Chaetophoram incurvam Hsch. vigens: Wohltmann
189I. Type not located. Taxicaulis subcurvicollis C. Miill., Hedwigia 40: 65.
1901 Type: Brasilia, Sa Catharina, Blumenau, in
Isopterygium microplumosum (c. Mull.) cortice putrido sylvae rivuli Burgerbach, Aprili
Broth., Nat. Pfl. 1(3): 1083. 1908. 1888, E. VIe;Tubarao, intruncis arborum putridis,
Octobri 1889, E. VIe, 640; 783; Serra Geral, in
Taxicaulis microplumosus C. Mull., Hedwigia 40:
araucarieto, Aprili 1891; E. Ule 1202. Type not
68. 1901. Type: Brasilia, Minas Geraes, Serra
located.
Ouro Preto, in sylvula, Febr. 1892:E. VIe 1486.
Type not located. Isopterygium subsplendidulum (c. Mull.)
Par., Ind. Bryo\. Supp\. 221. 1900.
Isopterygium pseudosubulatum (C. Miill.)
Par., Ind. Bryol. Supp\. 220. 1900. Taxicaulis subsplendiduJus C. Mi,il\., Bul\.
Herb. Boiss. 5:210.1897. Type: Guatemala,
TaxicauJis pseudosubulatus C. MUll., Flora 83: 340. Mazatenango, Bernoulli & Cerio. 75, 84.
1897. Type: Venezuela, coil. C. Goebel. Type
Type not located.
not located.
Acknowledgements
Isopterygium pygmaeocarpum (c. Miil\.)
Broth., Nat. Pfl. 1(3): 1081. 1908.
Isincerely thank R. Baudoin (PC), W.R. Buck (NY),
Taxicaulis pygmaeocarpus C. Mull., Hedwigia 40: A. Eddy (BM), J.J. Engel (F), T.B. Engelmark (S),
66. 1901. Type: Brasilia, Sa. Catharina, Tubarao, H. Hertel (M), T.J. Koponen (H), F.K. Meyer (IE),
G.S. Mogensen (C), D.H. Pfister (FH) and H.E.
ad truncos arborum sylvestrium, Julio 1890: E.
Robinson (US) for the loan of specimens. Ithank P.
Ule, 973. Ty e not located.
Eckel for her help with the Latin description. I am
grateful to L.M. Ley for the illustration and other
Isopterygium sapricola (c. Miil\.) Broth., assistance with the paper.
Nat. Pfl. 1(3): 1083. 1908.
Table 2~ Isopterygium taxa of Latin America recognized by Index Muscorum Wijk etal. (1964, 1969) and Ireland
(1984) andtheir proposed deposition. Type locality oftaxa described from Latin America inparentheses.
I.adf7alUm (c. MUlL) Par. (Argentina) = I. tenerum
I.aff7ictum (c. MUlL) Bronrh. (Brazil) = I. tenerum
I.affusum Mitt. (Brazil) Accepted species
I.albidens (c. MUlL) Broth. (Brazil) = Plagiothecium lucidum (Hook. F. & Wils.) Par.
I.alstonii Bartr. (Venezuela) = Wijkia alstonii (Bartr.) lrel.
I.ammophilum (c. MUlL) Broth. (Brazil) = I. tenetum
I.angustirete (Broth) Broth. (Brazil) = I. tenerum
I.aurantiacum (c.MUlL) Broth. (Brazil) = I. tenerum
I. bahiense (c. MUlL) Broth. (Brazil) = I. teneru';;
I. brachyneuroides Broth. (Brazil) = I. tetierum
I. brachyneuron (c.MUlL) Milt. (Brazil) = I. tenerum
l. brachystelium (Hampe) Kindb. (Brazil) = I. tenerum
I. brevisetum (Homsch.) Broth. (Brazil) = ?Type not located
I. bromeliophilum (c. MUlL) Broth. (Brazil) = I. tenerum
Continua ..
274 Caldasta Vol. 16. 1991