A Practical Arithmetic PDF
Preview A Practical Arithmetic
A PRACTICAL ARITHMETIC STEVENS M BUTLER RUI C No At (flarneU IniaerBttH 3tliata, N. g. DATE DUE MAY 20 A PRACTICAL ARITHMETIC The original of tliis book is in tine Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924000431621 PEACTICAL ARITHMETIC BY STEVENS F. L. PROFESSOR IN THE NORTH CAROLINA COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND MECHANIC ARTS, AUTHOR OP "AGRICULTURE FOR beginners" TAIT BUTLER president AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF FARMERS' INSTITUTE WORKERS MRS. F. L. STEVENS FORMERLY TRAINING TEACHER, COLUMBUS, OHIO NORMAL SCHOOL , \ r} f NEW YORK CHARLES SCRIBNER'S SONS 1910 meTH COPYRIGHT, 1909, BY CHARLES SCRIBNER's SONS c: V /' -v.* ^^I^\\\\\^,/li' PEEFACE The primary object of arithmetic is to enable tlie student to acquire skill in computation. In addition to the attainment of this essential end, great benefit is de- rived from the exercise of the reasoning powers and their consequent development. While the first of these must ever remain the fundamental reason for the study of arithmetic, and the second will always be held in high esteem, there is a third major object which the teaching of arithmetic may accomplish, one which is usu- ally almost entirely ignored in the preparation of an arithmetic namely, the incidental teaching of valuable ; facts by basing the problems of the book upon the prob- lems of real life. In the preparation of this book, it has been the aim of the authors to secure the maximum results in these three functions of arithmetic teaching. It is chiefly in the careful consideration which has been given to the subject-matter of the problems, and to the inferences that will unconsciouslyand unavoidablyremain in the mind of the pupil, that this book differs from other arithmetics. Skillin computation comes from learning a few methods, followed by extensive drill or practice. Methods have been carefully and clearly presented in this book, and an abundance of drill problems provided. The development of the reasoning powers comes from work with problems requiring careful analysis before pro- ceeding to the more mechanical solution. A large number VI PREFACE of carefully graded thought problems, necessitating accu- rate analysis, serves this end. The special value of this book, however, depends upon the fact that a large proportion of its problems bring out clearly in their statement or in their solution important facts bearing upon the practical activities of life. Since agriculture is the one fundamental industry of America, especial attention has been given to this subject, and a large proportion of the thought problems are based upon agriculture, without, however, in any way leading to neglect of other industries. The problems relating to agriculture are based upon wholly reliable information, uf)on the most recent find- ings of the State Experiment Stations and of the National Department of Agriculture. The facts used in these problems and the legitimate inferences which may be djiawn from them are trustworthy. In solving these problems, the pupil will unconsciously absorb and retain many valuable facts and principles relating to agricul- tural practice, such, for example, as the value of seed selection, purity and vitality, judicious use of fertilizers, balancing of animal rations, crop rotation, prevention or treatment for plant diseases, conservation of soil moisture, preservation of soil fertility, prevention of insect injury, economy in methods of harvesting, proper dairy methods, the improvement of the herd by selection, poultry culture, value of good roads, etc. A feature of value is the outline problems to be com- pleted by the pupils with data from their homes. Teachers, parents and pupils are invited to write to the authors of this book for information upon any agricultural points involved. THE AUTHORS. Raleigh, N.C, November, 1908.
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