A Poetics of Postmodernism and Neomodernism Also by Monica Latham BOOK PRACTICES AND TEXTUAL ITINERARIES 1: Tracing the Contours of Literary Works (edited with Nathalie C ollé- Bak and David Ten Eyck) BOOK PRACTICES AND TEXTUAL ITINERARIES 2: Textual Practices in the Digital Age (edited with Nathalie C ollé- Bak and David Ten Eyck) BOOK PRACTICES AND TEXTUAL ITINERARIES 3: Contemporary Textual Aesthetics (edited with Nathalie C ollé- Bak and David Ten Eyck) BOOK PRACTICES AND TEXTUAL ITINERARIES 4: From Text(s) to Book(s) (edited with Nathalie C ollé- Bak and David Ten Eyck) LEFT OUT: Texts and Ur- Texts (edited with Nathalie Collé- Bak and David Ten Eyck) THE LIVES OF THE BOOK, PAST, PRESENT AND TO COME (edited with Nathalie Collé- Bak and David Ten Eyck) A Poetics of Postmodernism and Neomodernism Rewriting Mrs Dalloway Monica Latham Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France © Monica Latham 2015 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-49079-7 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6 –1 0 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted her right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2015 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin’s Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-50440-4 ISBN 978-1-137-49080-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137490803 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging, pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Typeset by MPS Limited, Chennai, India. To Mike and Anita This page intentionally left blank Contents Introduction: Legacies 1 Rewriting Mrs Dalloway: ‘leaping dolphins’ in the wake of Virginia Woolf 5 Modernism then and now 7 Mapping Dalloway- esque itineraries 12 1 ‘The D ressing- rooms, the Workshops, the Sculleries, the Bubbling Cauldrons’ 16 Digging veins of gold 19 The Dalloway- esque ‘queer’ and ‘masterful’ design: digging caves and building tunnels 29 ‘A plenitude of Dallowayisms’ 46 Conclusion 58 2 Ventriloquists: Between Debt and Homage 62 The Hours: ‘lend me your characters’ 62 ‘Mr Clarissa Dalloway’ 76 Conclusion 92 3 Parodic Games: Textual Assassinations and Canonical Resurrection 99 ‘Mrs Dalloway’: a flash travesty/caricature 101 ‘Mrs Dalloway’: making and serving postmodernist literary finger food 113 The old lady with the speaking trumpet: a ghost from the past 118 Conclusion 125 4 Virginia Woolf’s Neomodernist Heirs: Nostalgic Innovators 129 A male D alloway- esque experience 131 On or about 9/11 human nature changed: neomodernist glocal novels 137 From the library shelf to the bedside table 156 Conclusion 162 5 The Artful Ornament of Ordinariness 167 Variations on Mrs Dalloway 167 The unremarkable ‘trivial, fantastic, evanescent’ 184 vii viii Contents Hotel World: Woolf at the door 195 Conclusion 206 Conclusion: New Kids on the Virginia Woolf Block 208 Notes 214 Bibliography 250 Index 264 Introduction: Legacies The study of the various rewritings spawned by Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway is to be found at the confluence of three main ideas in cultural trends and literary theory: first, the public’s unrelenting, ever growing cult of the impressive, ubiquitous figure of Virginia Woolf, who has become a major literary icon and a cultural commodity; second, a renewed interest in her work and particularly in Mrs Dalloway (1925), one of her best- known, most read and studied novels, which continues to influence and inspire generations of readers and writers; and lastly, the general upsurge of artistic rewritings and reappropriations in our postmodern era of ‘cloning and recycling’ (Moraru, Rewriting 21). Since her tragic death in 1941, Virginia Woolf has accumulated a solid reputation as an ‘icon, celebrity, star’ (Stimpson xi) in Anglo- American popular culture and intellectual media through a ‘continuing stream of verbal and visual representations’ (Silver, ‘Virginia Woolf Icon’ 392). One of her most admiring legatees and devoted ‘Woolfalators’,1 Michael Cunningham, the author of The Hours, who himself drew inspiration from Woolf’s life and work, has thus stated in an interview: ‘I don’t think there’s anyone who’s inspired this level of devotion and fascination and adulation’ (Spring 77); ‘There aren’t many figures in the twentieth century, or ever, really, who have inspired this particu- lar kind of ardent, hair- splitting devotion’ (79). The proliferation of representations of Virginia Woolf ‘has transformed the writer into a powerful and powerfully contested cultural icon, whose name, face,2 and authority are persistently claimed or disclaimed in debates about art, politics, sexuality, gender, class, the “canon”, fashion, feminism, race, and anger’ (Silver, Virginia Woolf Icon 3). ‘An icon and a beacon for most of a century’ (Baker A 19),3 Woolf has ‘acquired an iconicity that exists independently of her academic standing or literary reputation’ 1