A Pocket Guide to Public Speaking (5th Edition)

340 Pages·2015·9.12 MB·English

by  Hannah Rubenstein

Brief Contents
Intonation Counterarguments
Rate Avoid Fallacies
Pauses Organization
Vocal Variety Jacob Hahn, Becoming a Socially
Part 1 Getting Started 1 Pronunciation and Articulation Conscious Consumer
Dialect 25. Special Occasion 1 92
1. Becoming a Public Speaker 2 18. The Body 1 34 Speeches of Introduction
Body Language Speeches of Acceptance
2. From A to Z: Overview of a Speech 8 Practicing Delivery Speeches of Presentation
3. Managing Speech Anxiety 13 Roasts and Toasts
Part 6 • Presentation Aids 139 Eulogies and Other Tributes
4. Ethical Public Speaking 20 After-Dinner Speeches
19. Speaking with Presentation
5. Listeners and Speakers 27 Aids 1 40 Speeches of Inspiration
President Obama Speaks at a
Selecting Aids
Memorial Service for Nelson
Presenting Aids
Part 2 Development 33 20. Designing Presentation Mandela
6. Analyzing the Audience 34 Aids 1 44 Part 8 • Online, Group,
Simplicity
and Business Contexts 203
7. Selecting a Topic and Purpose 44 Consistency
Typefaces and Fonts 26. Online Presentations 2 04
8. Developing Supporting Material 54
Color Similarities to FTF Speaking
9. Finding Credible Sources in Print and Online 60 Interpretations of Color Virtual Delivery
21. Using Presentation Planning
10. Citing Sources in Your Speech 70
Software 1 48 Online Presentation Platforms
Develop a Plan 27. Communicating in Groups 2 10
Part 3 Organization 79 Avoid Technical Glitches 28. Presenting in Teams 2 14
A Speech, Not a Slide Show
29. Business Presentations 2 18
Finding Media
11. Organizing the Body of the Speech 80
From Slide Show to Presentation:
12. Selecting an Organizational Pattern 89 Deliver an Effective Presentation Part 9 • Speaking in
Online Tutorial: Creating Presentations Other College Courses 225
13. Outlining the Speech 95
Avoid Copyright Infringement 30. Presentations Across the
Curriculum 2 26
Part 7 • Types of
Part 4 Starting, Finishing, and Styling 109 31. Science and Mathematics
Speeches 155 Courses 2 31
14. Developing the Introduction and Conclusion 110 22. Informative 1 56 32. Technical Courses 2 35
15. Using Language 117 Sustain Involvement 33. Social Science Courses 2 38
Help Listeners Follow
34. Arts and Humanities
Informative Topic Areas
Courses 2 40
Presenting Information
Part 5 Delivery 125 Reduce Confusion 35. Education Courses 2 43
16. Methods of Delivery 126 Arrange Main Points 36. Nursing and Allied Health
DJ McCabe, Freeganism: Courses 2 45
17. Your Voice in Delivery 129 More Than a Free Lunch
Appendices 2 49
18. Your Body in Delivery 134 23. Priciples of Persuasive
Speaking 1 67 A. Citation Guidelines 2 50
Motivation B. Question-and-Answer
Part 6 Presentation Aids 139 Reason and Emotion Sessions 2 63
Listener Needs C. Preparing for Mediated
19. Speaking with Presentation Aids 140 24. Constructing the Persuasive Communication 2 64
Speech 1 74 D. Tips for Non-Native Speakers
20. Designing Presentation Aids 144 Claims of English 2 66
21. Using Presentation Software 148 Evidence
Glossary 2 70
Warrants
Reasoning
Call to Action Index 3 05

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Part 7 Types of Speeches 155
22. Informative Speaking 156
23. Principles of Persuasive Speaking 167
24. Constructing the Persuasive Speech 174
25. Speaking on Special Occasions 192
Part 8 Online, Group, and
Business Contexts 203
26. Preparing Online Presentations 204
27. Communicating in Groups 210
28. Delivering Group Presentations 214
29. Business and Professional Presentations 218
Part 9 Speaking in Other
College Courses 225
30. Presentations Assigned across the Curriculum 226
31. Science and Mathematics Courses 231
32. Technical Courses 235
33. Social Science Courses 238
34. Arts and Humanities Courses 240
35. Education Courses 243
36. Nursing and Allied Health Courses 245
Appendices 249
A. Citation Guidelines 250
B. Question-and-Answer Sessions 263
C. Preparing for Mediated Communication 264
D. Tips for Non-Native Speakers of English 266
Glossary 270
Index 305

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A Pocket
Guide to
Public
Speaking
FIFTH EDITION
Dan O’Hair
University of Kentucky
Hannah Rubenstein
Rob Stewart
Texas Tech University
Bedford /St.Martin’s
A Macmillan Education Imprint
Boston • New York
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For Bedford/St. Martin’s
Vice President, Editorial, Macmillan Higher Education Humanities:
Edwin Hill
Publisher for Communication: Erika Gutierrez
Development Manager: Susan McLaughlin
Senior Developmental Editor: Lorraina Morrison
Senior Media Editor: Tom Kane
Editorial Assistant: Will Stonefield
Senior Production Editor: Pamela Lawson
Production Supervisors: Dennis Conroy, Victoria Anzalone
Marketing Manager: Thomas Digiano
Copy Editor: Denise P. Quirk
Director of Rights and Permissions: Hilary Newman
Senior Art Director: Anna Palchik
Text Design: Kall Design
Cover Design: John Callahan
Composition: Jouve
Printing and Binding: RR Donnelley and Sons
Copyright © 2016, 2013, 2010, 2007 by Bedford/St. Martin’s.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored
in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
except as may be expressly permitted by the applicable copyright
statutes or in writing by the Publisher.
0 9 8 7 6 5
f e d c b a
For information, write: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 75 Arlington Street,
Boston, MA 02116 (617-399-4000)
ISBN 978-1-4576-7040-4 Manufactured in China.
ISBN 978-1-319-01977-8 Manufactured in the U.S.
Acknowledgments
Joe Ayres and Tim S. Hopf. “Visualization: Is It More than Extra-
Attention?” From Communication Education, Volume 38 (1989),
pp. 1–5. Reprinted by permission of Taylor & Francis Ltd. www
.informaworld.com.
At the time of publication all Internet URLs published in this
text were found to accurately link to their intended website. If
you do find a broken link, please forward the information to
[email protected] so that it can be corrected for the
next printing.
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How to Use the Book
and Digital Resources
A Pocket Guide to Public Speaking, Fifth Edition, is designed to
provide quick, clear answers to your questions about public
speaking — whether you’re in a public speaking class, in a
course in your major, on the job, or in your community. Here
you will find the tools you need to help you prepare and
deliver a wide range of speeches and presentations.
In Parts 1 through 5 you will find chapters that cover all
the steps necessary to create a speech — from planning,
research, and development to organization, practice, and
delivery. Part 6 includes three chapters about presentation
aids and how to use them effectively. Chapters in Part 7 con-
tain guidelines for creating three of the most commonly
assigned speeches in public speaking classes: informative,
persuasive, and special occasion. For specific guidelines on pre-
paring online presentations, communicating and speaking in
small groups, and speaking on the job, see Part 8. Part 9 con-
tains advice on speaking in other college courses, from sci-
ence and math to engineering, education, and nursing and
allied health.
Finding What You Need
TABLES OF CONTENTS. Browsing through the brief table of
contents inside the front cover will usually guide you to the
information you need. If not, consult the more detailed table
of contents included inside the back cover.
INDEX. If you can’t locate what you need in either set of con-
tents, consult the index at the back of the book, beginning on
page 305. This can be espe cially useful if you’re looking for
something specific and you know the term for it. For e xample,
if you need to prepare a sales proposal for a business course,
you could simply look under “ sales proposal” in the index
and then go to the designated pages.
LISTS OF FEATURES. On pages 317–21 (just before the end
of the book), you’ll find a quick guide to some of the most
consulted parts of this book: the Checklists, Quick Tips, Visual
Guides (illustrated explanations of key points), and full-
length model speeches.
SPEAKING BEYOND THE SPEECH CLASSROOM. In Part 8,
“Online, Group, and Business Contexts,” you’ll find useful
information on preparing online presentations, communicat-
ing and speaking in groups, and interacting in the workplace.
In Part 9, “Speaking in Other College Courses,” you’ll find
detailed directions for speaking in a range of college classes
including courses in the social sciences, arts and humanities,
v
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vi • How to Use tHe Book and digital ResoURces
education, science and mathematics, engineering and archi-
tecture, and nursing and allied health.
GLOSSARY. For definitions of key terms highlighted in the
book, see pages 270–90.
Quick Speech Preparation
If you have to prepare a speech quickly (for example, giving
a first speech early in the semester), consult Chapters 1–3 in
A Pocket Guide:
• Chapter 1, “Becoming a Public Speaker,” provides a brief
discussion of public speaking basics.
• Chapter 2, “From A to Z: Overview of a Speech,” offers
quick guidance on each step in the speechmaking pro-
cess, from selecting a topic to delivery.
• Chapter 3, “Managing Speech Anxiety,” provides tech-
niques that will help you overcome any fears of public
speaking you may have.
For more on specific types of speeches, consult Chapters
22–25 in Part 7 on informative, persuasive, and s pecial occa-
sion speeches, or the appropriate chapter in Part 8 or Part 9.
Other Useful Tools
CITATION GUIDELINES. Appendix A (pp. 250–62) contains
guidelines for documenting sources in the following styles:
Chicago, American Psychological Association (APA), Modern
Language Association (MLA), Council of Science Editors
(CSE), and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
(IEEE).
TIPS FOR NON-NATIVE SPEAKERS OF ENGLISH. Appendix D
(pp. 266–69) addresses the most common ESL challenges,
including pronunciation of certain words and challenges in
being understood.
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How to Use tHe Book and digital ResoURces • vii

macmillanhighered.com/pocketspeak5e
LaunchPad Solo is a new, easy-to-use platform that offers
digital tools to support the speechmaking process. It contains
high-quality multimedia content and ready-made assess-
ment options, including LearningCurve adaptive quizzing
that will give you a leg up on learning the concepts. Your
book may have come with an access card to LaunchPad Solo
at your instructor’s request. If not, access can be purchased
online from the URL listed above.
LearningCurve

LearningCurve is an online learning tool that adapts to what
you already know and helps you learn the topics that you
need to practice. LearningCurve ensures that you receive as
much targeted practice as you need in order to master the
ma te rial.
Video
LaunchPad Solo for A Pocket Guide to Public Speaking pro-
vides access to more than two hundred fifty video clips.
The functionality of VideoTools aids in the review of student
speech videos by enabling instructors to create video assign-
ments. Students can easily upload their own speech videos
for review and evaluation. Both instructors and students can
add video from the LaunchPad Library, YouTube, or their own
collection, use time-based comments to discuss the video,
and then evaluate video using rubrics.
Video icons appear near sample speeches to encourage
students to watch the related video in LaunchPad Solo.
E-readings
E-readings offer additional and useful online content, includ-
ing a complete tutorial on how to create presentation aids
using Microsoft PowerPoint, Prezi, and Apple Keynote.
E-readings icons are included in the chapters and high-
lighted when additional reference ma te rials are available in
LaunchPad Solo.
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Preface
The Fifth Edition of A Pocket Guide to Public Speaking reflects
our continuing mission to provide students with a truly effec-
tive speech resource that is comprehensive yet brief, afford-
able, and student friendly, based on solid scholarship and the
rhetorical tradition. We designed this guide to be useful in the
widest pos sible range of situations, from the traditional
speech classroom and courses across the curriculum, to the
workplace, and in the community.
Our primary goal in writing A Pocket Guide has always
been to meet the needs of speech instructors who find main-
stream, full-size introductory speech texts either too over-
whelming or too prescriptive for their classes. In addition, we
hope to satisfy instructors in other disciplines who want an
easy and affordable tool for teaching presentation skills. We
also aim to adapt to the changing realities of technology in
the discipline by providing helpful guidance on online research
and online presentations as well as digital options for reading
and studying with A Pocket Guide that students can access
easily on a number of devices.
A Pocket Guide to Public Speaking has been a popular choice
for instructors and students since the first edition was pub-
lished in 2003. More than 280,000 instructors and students
across the aca demic spectrum — f rom courses in speech and
the humanities to education, engineering, and business —
have embraced the book, making it the most successful
pocket-size speech text available. We have used their helpful
feedback to create this fifth edition.
Features
A Pocket Guide to Public Speaking addresses all of the topics
and skills typically covered in an introductory speech text.
And because the book is meant to be used throughout stu-
dents’ aca demic careers and in a wide variety of classroom
settings and beyond, e xamples are drawn from a broad range
of speech situations and disciplines. Speech excerpts, sample
outlines, and full-length visually annotated sample speeches
provide useful models that help students see how speech
fundamentals can be applied effectively.
Throughout the text, users will find many tools to help
them focus on key public speaking concepts: charts and
tables that summarize salient points; Checklists that reinforce
critical content; insightful Quick Tips that offer succinct and
practical advice; Visual Guides that illustrate the steps for
accomplishing challenging speech tasks; and Appendices that
offer citation guidelines, help with question-and-answer ses-
sions and mediated communication, and support for non-
native speakers of En glish.
viii
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