A PHILOSOPHER LOOKS AT SPORT Why is sport so important among participants and spectators whenitsgoalsseemsopointless?StephenMumford’sbookintro- ducesthereadertoahostofphilosophicaltopicsfoundinsport, and argues that sports activities reflect diverse human experi- ences – including important values that we continue to contest. The author explores physicality, competition, how sport is best defined, ethics in sport and issues of inclusion such as disability sports, the gender divide and transgender athletes. His book is written for anyone who is thoughtful, a sports enthusiast, or both, and will deepen our understanding of sport and its place inourlives.Thisnewseriesoffersshortandpersonalperspectives by expert thinkers on topics that we all encounter in our everyday lives. stephen mumford is Professor of Metaphysics at Durham University. He is the author of numerous books, including Watching Sport: Aesthetics, Ethics and Emotion (2011), Metaphysics: A Very Short Introduction (2012), and Football: The PhilosophyBehindtheGame(2019). APhilosopherLooksat Inthisseries,philosophersofferapersonalandphilosophical explorationofatopicofgeneralinterest. Booksintheseries RaymondGeuss,APhilosopherLooksatWork PaulGuyer,APhilosopherLooksatArchitecture StephenMumford,APhilosopherLooksatSport MichaelRuse,APhilosopherLooksatHumanBeings A PHILOSOPHER LOOKS AT SPORT STEPHEN MUMFORD UniversityPrintingHouse,Cambridgecb28bs,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,ny 10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,vic 3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre, NewDelhi–110025,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108994934 doi:10.1017/9781108992961 ©StephenMumford2021 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2021 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyTJBooksLimited,PadstowCornwall AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. isbn 978-1-108-99493-4Paperback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. contents Preface pageix 1 Physicality 1 2 Competition 23 3 Definition 44 4 Spectacle 66 5 Ethics 87 6 Inclusion 110 FurtherReading 134 Index 138 vii