A New Tree species (Sapotaceae) and a New Species Record for Thailand (Flacourtiaceae) from Khao Yai National Park

10 Pages·2002·0.72 MB·English

by  Brockelman, Warren Y

NAT.阻ST.B肌，L.SIAM Soc. 50(1): 89-97，2002
A NEWT REE SPECIES (SAPOTACEAE) AND A NEWS PECIES
RECORD FOR THAILAND (FLACOURTIACEAE) FROM KHAO
YAI NATIONAL PARK
Warren Y. Brockelman 1，2，Panarat Charoenchaf and J. F. Maxwelf
ABSTRACT
A new species of回e，Pouteria stellibacca M飢 w.(Sapo阿.ceae)，組dan ew species
record for Thai1and，H omalium cochinchinense (Lour.) Druce (Flacourtiaceae)，h ave been
discovered in出.eMo Singto area of Khao Yai Nationa1 Park，C entra1百lai1and，at about
140 N latitude.τ'heP outeria trees，re aching 35 m in height，副官deciduous，buttressed，an d have
(among other distinct characters) 5・lobedfruit.百leirvegetative and 児productivecharacters紅e
described herein. Both species we陀 foundin primary，se asona1 evergreen forest，th e Po uteria
at 775-780 m and the Homalium at about 800--1175 m elevation.
Key words: Pouteria，H omalium，Fl acourtiaceae，S apotaceae，K hao Yai Nationa1 Park，n ew
record，n ew species
INTRODUCTION
While studying gibbons in the MoS ingto area of Khao Yai National Park 0.5-0.8 km
west of park headquarters，Na khon Nayok Province，a l arge canopy tree with unusual企uit
was discovered which turned out to be an ew species in Sapotaceae. Only four other
species of Pouteria紅'eknown from百lailand(CHANTARANOTHAI，19 99). On1y4 i ndividuals
of出is佐'eeover 10 cm泊 diameteroccur on the 30・haforest dynamics plot in the紅'ea.
An additional 4l arge回 eshave been found wi由加0.5km of the MoS ingto Plot，a nd an
additional tree about 5k ma way泊出eKhlong Sai area to the south，at 白esame elevation.
百lepent創nerousstar-shaped fruit strikingly resembles血atdepicted for Eberhardtia sp. in
AUBR亘VILLE(1963)，b ut leaf，fl oral，a nd other characters do not match.
An additional species of tree which is a new record for Thailand，H omalium
cochinchinense (Lour.) Druce (Flacourtiaceae)，w as also discovered on the plot; it is also
rare.
lCenter for Conservation Biology，In stitute of Science and Techno1ogy for Research and Deve1opment，Ma hido1
University，S a1aya，P hutthamonthon 4R oad，N akhon Pathom 73170
2BIOTEC Centra1 Research Unit，Na tiona1 Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechno1ogy，1 13 Pa1101yothin
Road，K long 1，K 1ong1uang，P a血um白ani12120
3Chiang Mai University Herbarium (CMU)，De partment of Biology，Fa culty of Science，Ch iang Mai U凶versity，
Chiang Mai 50200
Received 10 June 2002; accepted 30 June 2002.
89
90 WARREN Y. BROC阻LMAN，PAN総ATCHARO町CHAIAND J. F. MAxwELL
Pouteria stellibacca Maxw. sp. nov. (Sapo値目ae)
sect. Oligotheca (A. DC.) Baeh.
(Figs. 1-8)
Flores bisexuales 5meriplerumque fasciculati，c orolla tubulosa ad rotata lobis
・
prominentibus，an therae sかlusquecorolla inclusus，ov arium hirsutum plerumque 5・loculare，
semina prominente lateraliter compressa，h ilo prominenti elongato，e ndospermium
plerumque adest.
Arbor decidua 25-35 m alta 68-90 cm diam. ad 4 m altitudine，a nteridibus
prominentibus ad 3.6 m altis，co rtice tenui plerumque laevi，s ucco sparso albo，no vellis
dense rufo-tomentosis glabrescentibus. Petioli 15-35 mml ongi indumento novel/orum simili
ι
maturitate glabrescentes. Laminae subcoriaceae obovatae 1 20 cm longae pinnatinervae，
apice acuto，ba si cuneaωmarginibus integris，ne rvatione distincta supra impressa subtus
prominenti，ne rvis lateralibus 7-9 paribus suboppositis arcuatis craspedromis marginem
non attingentibus nec confluentibus，ve natione ultima distincta reticulata，la minis immaturis
utrinque indumento novellorum simili nωturitate glabrescentibus. Flores ram抑'oriin ramulis
annotinis 10-14 in quoque nodo fasciculati，5 ・meri.Pedicelli 2.5-3.0 mml ongi indumento
novellorum simili in fructu incrassati 5-7 mml ongi. Sepala quincuncialia suborbicularia
2.5-3.0 mmd iam. apice obtuso extus parte exposita pilosa parte obtecta et intus glabra.
Corolla tubulosa c. 7m ml onga glabra alba，tu bo c. 4m ml ongo，lo bis ligulatis c. 3m m
longis apice truncato. Staminodia in loborum sinibus inserta subulata c. 2 mml onga
glabra. Stamina opposit伊etalasupra 3/4 tubi inserta inclusaque glabra，fi lamentis c. 1.5
mml ongis，a ntheris ovatis c. 1m ml ongis. Discus deest. Ovarium 5・locu/are5・/obatum
subglobosum obtusum dense pilis erectis brunneis velutinum，s りIlusinclusus subulatus
crassus c. 4m ml ongus，s tigma minutum. Bacca subglobosa oblata prゆ， nde5・lobatain
vivo siccoque ad instar stellae in sectione transversali 22-25 mml onga 28-30 mmi n diam.
ubi in vivo 19-21 mml onga 19-22 mmi n diam. ubi in sicco glabra viridis ubi juventute
ad atrorubra ubi maturitate. Semina 5o bovata lateraliter compressa biconvexa c. 18 mm
longa c. 10 mml ata basi apiceque rotundato retusa ad hilo，h ilo lineari semine 舟re
aequilongo，te sta dura c. 1m mc rassa in vivo atrobrunnea，e ndospermio distincto.
Holotype: P. Charoenchai 1024 (CMU)， Khao Yai National Park，M uang Dis住ict，
Nakhon Nayok Province，T hailand (14224.5' N，1 01Q23' E)，K long Sai紅ea，760 m，
8M arch 2001，fl owers; isotypes: A，B KF，C AS，L ，Ma hidol U凶versity(Salaya).
Paratypes: P. Charoenchai 942 (same tree as holotype & isotypes)，fr uits，5 J une 2000
(dis住ibution副 above);P. Ch紅oenchai785 (same tree as holotype佃 disotypes)，fl owers，
11 May 1999; P. Charoenchai 1026 (same location & di柑ibutionas above)，fl owers，2 6
Apri12001; A. Boonkongchart & N. Tanthana 108 & 109 (same location & dis凶butionas
above)，fl owers，30 March 2002; W. Y. Brockelman 60，so uth of MoS ingto plot，K hao Y
創
National Park，7 60 m; fruits，2 7 August 1998 (Mahidol University-Salaya，B KF，a nd
CMU)
Thed istinctive features of section Oligotheca are: flowers bisexual，5- merous，mo stly
in fascicles，co rollasωbul紅 orrotate，lo bes prominent，an thers and style included泊出e
corolla; ovary hirsute，m ostly 5・locular;seeds prominently laterally flattened; hilum
prom担ent，elongate; usually with endosperm (BAEI町 1，1942; PENN町GTON，1991).
NEWT REES FROM KHAO YAI NATlONAL PARK 91
Description.-Deciduous c opytree 25-35 m tall (Figs. 2-5)，d iameter measured
組
above the buttresses 68-90 cm; buttresses prominent，to 3.6 m high; bark白血， smooth to
sometimes slight1yf laking，w ith scattered，s hallow cracks，g ray to gray-brown; cut bark
(Fig. 7) whitish with fine or gespeckling，w ood yel1ow-white; sap sparse，wh ite. Yo ung
，釦
branchlets terete，an gular when dry，de nsely covered with brown tomentum; older branches
glabrous，ep idermis grey. Leaves (Fig. 1) spiral1ya rranged，di stal on the branchlets; blades
subcoriaceous，o bovate，ti p acute，b ase cuneate，en tire; main nerves prominent，s unken
above，ra ised below; secondary venation pinnate，wi th 7-9 ascending，su bopposite nerves
on each side of the midnerve; arching and not reaching the marg泊;finest venation distinct，
reticulate; both surfaces of immature blades with indumentum as on the branchlets，
glabrescent at maturity; green above，p ale green below; 12-24 (modal length 18-19) x
6--11 (modal width 9) cm. Petioles with glabrescent indumentum as on the branch1ets and
blades，15 -35 mml ong. St似たsnone. Inflorescences below and developing with出enew
leaves，o n second ye民 leafless(i.e. ramiflorous) branch1ets，in dense，le ss often spaced
fascicles; nodosities distinct，fi nely puberulous. Flowers 10-14 per node. Bracts at the base
of the pedicels，br own hirsute，c. 1m ml ong. Pedicels with light brown，vi llous indumentum，
2.5-3.0 mml ong. Sepals in as ingle whorl，qu incuncial，eq ual，su b-orbicular，o btuse，th e
exposed surfaces出ickened，pale green，an d finely brown pilose outside，im bricated surfaces
thinner with the entire泊sideglabrous; light green and drying light brown，c. 2.5-3.0 mm
diameter. Corolla tubular，gl abrous，pa le green，wh ite，3 -4 mml ong; tube c. 3m ml ong;
lobes erect，li gulate，ti p佐山lcate，minu飽lyerose; 1.5m mlo ng. Staminodes subulate，gl abrous，
inserted in the sinus of the corolla lobes，1. 5-2.0 mml ong (i.e. c.弘aslong as the corolla
lobes). Stamens oppositipetalous，gl abrous，in serted in the upper 314 of the corolla tube (i.e.
below the staminodes)，e xtending to about half the length of (i.e. include in) the corol1a
lobes. Filaments cre創n-palegreen，1. 0ー1.5mml ong; anthers ovate，c ream，t切 acutewith
am inute connective extension，c. 1m ml ong. Disc none. Stigma minute，sl ight1yn Tower
創
than血estyle，g labrous，l ight green. Style stout，p ale green，g labrous，c. 2x 0 .5 mm;
included in the corolla. Ovary depressed globose，cr eam，c. 1.0x 1 .5m m; densely covered
with erect，b rown，v elutinous indumentum; shallowly 5・lobed叩 dふlocular.Berries
depressed globose，g labrous，p rominent1ya nd deeply 5lobedbo出 freshand dry，li ght
・
gr nand maturing dark red，2 4ー28x2 8-30 mmw hen fresh，1 9-21 x1 9-22 mmw hen
田l
dry; pedicels 5-7 mml ong，2. 5 mmw ide; pericarp 4m mt hick when f見sh，sour. Seeds 5，
arranged in as tel1ate pattern in cross section of the berry; obovoid，la terally compressed
and biconvex，to p rounded and notched near the hilum，ba se rounded; hilum side flattened;
hilum linear，e xtending for nelythe entire length of the seed; opposite side keeled;
釘
18 x 10 x6 m m. Testa smooth，h ard，g lossy dark brown，c. 1m mt hick; endosperm
distinct.
Etymology.-in reference to the star-shaped arr gementof the seeds in cross-sectioned
加
berries (Fig. 1，j)
ーベTh
Vernacular. ai)saming dao (saming: am y白icaltiger-human spirit of血eforest;
dao: star，in reference to出ecross-sectioned fruit)-an allusion indicating the importance
of coexistence of spirits and岡田 inthe forest; (English) gibbon's st釘仕uit.
Phenology.-Deciduous in February，n ew leaves developing March-April. Flowers泊
late March to early April;企uitripens in late August.
92 w成郎NY. BROCKELMAN，P ANARAT CHAROENCHAI AND J. F. MAXWELL
Ecology.-Theh abitat is primary，br oad-leaved，se asonal evergreen forest on sandstone
bedrock.百letree is rare and widely scattered; only 4t rees > 10 cm diameter occur on the
30-ha plot，w hich spans 740-810 m加elevationabove sea level，gi ving ad ensity of only
1t ree per 7.5 ha. The relative density on the plot is 1t ree per 4500 trees of all species.
A tree with very immature fruit was also observed 11 June 2002 at 675 m elevation at Pa
Gluay Mai (Orchid) Falls，K hao Yai Park. Thef ruit is consumed by gibbons (Hylobates
lar) and intact seeds have been collected from their feces.
Homalium cochinchinense (Lour.) Druce (Flacourtiaceae)，N ew Thai Record
百1Isspecies was described by Louriero in 1790 as Astranthus cochinchinense Lour.
from material he collected in South Vietnam. It was recombined by Druce as Homalium
cochinchinense (Lour.) Druce in 1917. Ther evision of Flacourtiaceae for 百四landby
Sleumer (1985) does not include the species. LESCOT (1970) provides an excellent description
of this species which was formerly known only from Vietnam. Specimens in flower have
now been collected from the forest dynamics plot at the Mo Singto area of Khao Yai
National Park，M uang District，Na khon Nayok Province，Ce ntral τbailand at 810 m elevation
in seasonal evergreen forest. Only 3t rees of出isspecies have been found of the 30haplot，
・
thelgestabout 20 m tall and with dbh of 25 cm. This species is deciduous and has thin，
訂
smooth，g rayish-brown bark (Figs. 9-10) and is slightly flanged or buttressed in the basal
50 cm.百leinflorescences (Fig. 11)釘enarrow，sp ik:e-lik:ep anicles with pale green sepals
and white petals.
The distinguishing features of this species are based mostly on flower mo甲hology.
τbe petals are obovate，na rrowly clawed，wi th ciliate margins，a nd about 4m ml ong.百le
stamens esolityopposite each petal and the filaments are ciliate in the lower half. The
紅 紅
slender，fi liform styles are exserted仕omthe flowers.
Specimens: P. Charoenchai 994，fl owers，23 May 2000; A. Boonkongchart 132，fr om
same tree，fl owers，1 6 June 2000; bo出specimensin A，B KF，C AS，C MU，L ，an d Mahidol
University-Salaya; Maxwell 02・201，north side of Khao Khieo (mountain)，1 075 ー(1175)
m，f lowers，1 2 July 2002，汀ee6-10 m tall，d bh 818 cm.
←
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Wet hank Dr. J. F. Veldkamp of the National Herbarium of the Netherlands (Leiden)
for improving the Latin protolog. Onuma Petmitr is thanked for her exquisite drawing of
the new species and Sudarat Zangkum for typing the manuscript. We also thank Dr.
Thawatchai Santisuk and Kanlaya Phattarahirankanok for helping with preliminary
identification，a nd Dr. Pranom Chantaranothai for checking the manuscript and offering
suggestions. Wea ppreciate the efforts of Somsak Pumpoung dAmnart Boonkongchart
加
in obtaining specimens from the canopy，a nd Nicola Uhde，T ommaso Savini，a nd Chuti-
On Kanwatanakul for finding trees of the new species. This research has been supported
by gr tBRT 239001 from the Biodiversity Research and Training Program，B IOTEC，
組
NSTDA，a nd by the Institute of Science and Technology for Research and Development
of Mahidol University.
NEW TREES FROM KI-IAO YAI NATIONAL PARK 93
,______,
lmm
Figure I. Morphology of flowers, fruits, seeds, and leaves of Po111eria stellibacca Maxw., sp. nov. a, branchlet
with flowers and mature-sized leaves; b, fascicles of flowers on a twig; c, flower bud; d, opening
flower; e, sepal; f, opened corolla showing ovary, stigma, style, stamens, and staminodes; g, ovary in
horizontal section; h, ovary in vertical section; i, whole fruit; j, fruit in horizontal section showing
seeds: k, seed. lateral view. (Figures a-h from P. Charoenchai 1024; i-k from W. Y. Brockelman 60.)
Figure drawn by 0. Petmitr.
94 WARREN Y.B ROCKELMAN，P ANARAT CHAROENCHAIA ND J. F. MAXWELL
FigUl巴s2， 3. Bas巴anclcl巴ciduouscrowno f Pouteria slellibacca south of MoS ingto plot， 27 February 2001
(Same1 1巴巴 asW. Y.B rock巴Iman60.)
Figures 4， 5. Base and crown with n巴wleaves of Pouleria slellibaccatl 巴巴inKhlongS aiaI 巴aof Khao Yai Park
on2 1M arch2 001. (Samet re巴asP. Ch則的 nchai1024，巴tc.)Photosi n Figul巴s2-5 by W. Y
Brockelman.
NEWT REES FROM KトIAOYAIN ATIONAL PARK 95
Figlll巴s6，7. Clos巴ーup0 '1ab llttress of Pou.leria slellibaccaa nd cut bark and out巴rwood，s howingt hi口milky
sap，2 7 F巴bruary2001 (Samet ree asW . Y. Brock巴Iman60)
Figure8 . Fruit and s巴巴dsof Pouteria stellibacca sOllth of Mo Singto plot，2 7 August1 998 (Sam巴町eeas
W. Y. Brockelman 60).Photosi n Figures 6-8 byW . Y.B rockelman.
96 WARREN Y. BROCKELMAN，P ANARAT Ci.IAROENCHAIA ND J. F. MAXWELL
Figures9 ，1 0.B aseo f trunk ancl cut outer wood of Homalium cochinchinense (Salllet ree asP . Charo巴nchai
994).( Photos byW . Y. Brock巴Illlan.)
FigUi巴 11. Flow巴rsof Homalium cochinchinense tl巴巴 (P.Charo巴nchai994).P hoto by P. Charo巴nch日i，23 May
2000
NEWT REES FROM KHAO YAI NATIONAL PARK 97
REFERENCES
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BAEf剛1，C. 1942. Memories sur les Sapo臨時，2; le Genre Pouteria. Candolleana 9: 1-282.
CHAN1唱'ARANot百AI，P. 1999. TheS apotaceae of百lail飢d.T.加iFor. Bull. (Bot.) 27: 139-166.
LESCOT，M . 1970. Flacourtaceae. Flore du Cambodge，L aos et du Vietnam 11: 84-86.
PENN到GTON，T. D. 1991. The Genera o[ Sapotaceae. Royal Botanic Gardens，K ew and New York Botanical
Garden，N ew York; 194-197.
SLEUMER，H. 1985. TheF lacourtiaceae of Thailand. Blumea 30: 21ふ226.