A new subspecies of the genus Diphascon and two new records of Tardigrada (Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae, Macrobiotidae) from China

2005·0.42 MB·

Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 30 (2): 309- 313 (Apr., 2005) ISSN1000(cid:1)0739
动物分类学报
A NEW SUBSPECIES OF THE GENUS DIPHASCON AND TWO NEW
RECORDS OF TARDIGRADA (EUTARDIGRADA, HYPSIBIIDAE, MACRO(cid:1)
BIOTIDAE) FROM CHINA
LI Xiao(cid:1)Chen, LIUYing
Collegeof Life Sciences, ShaanxiNormal University, Xi(cid:1)an(cid:2) 710062, China
Abstract(cid:2) Anewsubspeciesof Diphascon scoticum Murray, 1905 and twonew records of tardigrades were describedand re(cid:1)
ported. Thenewsubspecies, D. s. qinlingensis subsp. nov., differsfromthe nominate subspeciesmainlyby the constricted
common basal tract. The newsubspeciesandthetwonewrecordspeciesRichtersius coronifer (Richters, 1903) (Eutardigrada,
Macrobiotidae) and Diphascon scoticum (Eutardigrada, Hypsibiidae) werecollectedfromQinlingmountains, China.
Key words(cid:2) Tardigrada, newsubspecies, newrecord, China.
(cid:2) (cid:2) The earliest known papers on theTardigrada fau(cid:1) collected from Qinling Mountains, which stretches
na of China were published in 1937 ( Rahm, 1936(cid:1) fromwest to east in the central part of China. Tardi(cid:1)
1937a, 1936(cid:1)1937b, 1937; Mathew, 1937a, 1937b). grade specimens were mounted in Hoyer(cid:1)s medium on
A total of 25 species from nine municipalities or microscope slides after fixation with 85% boilingalco(cid:1)
provinces were reported in these papers. Since then, hol and the coverslips were sealed with epoxy paint for
no additional papers on tardigrades from China were identification. Observation and measurements were
published until 1963. The tardigrada fauna of Guang(cid:1) made usingphasecontrastmicroscopy(PCM), an eye(cid:1)
dong Province was respectively reported in 1963 and piece micrometer. Photos were taken with digital ca(cid:1)
1974 (Barto(cid:1), 1963; Pilato, 1974a). About35 species mera (Sony DSC(cid:1)F717) mounted on themicroscope.
of tardigrades have been reported from China in these
Taxonomic accounts
papers. From1996topresent, 7 paperson Tardigrada
Eutardigrada Marcus, 1927
from China have been published, of which 3 papers
Parachela Schuster, Nelson, Grigarick, & Christen(cid:1)
were published in Chinese with English summary and
berry, 1980
one paper in English by Chinese researchers (Beasley,
HypsibiidaePilato, 1969
1999, 1996; Kaczmarek and Beasley, 2002; Yang,
Diphascon Plate, 1889
1999, 2002a, 2002b, 2003). A total of over 60
Diphascon (Adropion) scoticum Murray, 1905
species belonging to 17 genera of tardigrada from
Diphascon ( Adropion) scoticum qinlingensis sub(cid:1)
China havebeen reported todate. In summer of 2003,
sp. nov. (Figs(cid:2)1(cid:1)8)
theauthors of this article took a trip to Mt. Qinling
Mountains which traverses fromwesttoeast in central Holotype. Adult, sex unknown ( slide number
China. A total of 186 samples of mosses and lichens Sh03/11/001), Mt. Qinling, Aug. 2003. Paratype.
growing on rocks and soil or tree trunk were collected Only an exuvia with eight eggs in it was found.
from the middle range of Mt. Qinling. A new sub(cid:1) Type locality. Middle range of Mt. Qinling
species and twonew record species of Tardigrada were (34 9(cid:1)N, 108 57(cid:1)E), Shaanxi Province, China.
found in those mosses and lichens. Etymology. The new subspecies was named after
The genus Diphascon was later split into 4 gene(cid:1) the type localityMt. Qinling, China.
ra: Hebesuncus, Diphascon, Mesocrista and Plati(cid:1) Description. Body very slender, not narrowing
crista, and the genus Diphascon was further split into anteriorly, eyes absent, colorless, cuticle smooth.
two subgenera: Diphascon and Adropion ( Pilato, Bucco(cid:1)pharyngeal tube very narrow and long; without
1987). drop(cid:1)shaped structureon it; posterior portionof bucco(cid:1)
pharyngeal tube flexible with spiral thickening on its
Materials andmethods
wall; pharyngeal tube about as long as pharynx. The
Tardigrades were extracted from moss and lichen
latter very elongated ( about two times longer than
Received9 Sep. 2004, accepted6Jan. 2005.
309
(cid:2) (cid:2)3(cid:2)10(cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) ActaZootaxonomica Sinica动物分类学报(cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) Vol. 30(cid:2) No. 2
wide). Small apophyses present, and three macropla(cid:1) croplacoid present, very small. Septulum absent.
coids in the shape of slender elongated rods present. Measurements of bodylength and someother structures
The third macroplacoid the longest, and the first are listed inTable1.
macroplacoid slightly longer than the second one. Mi(cid:1) Cuticular bars exist on thefirstthree pair of legs,
(cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2)
Figs(cid:2)1(cid:1)4. Thedoubleclaws. 1(cid:1)2. Diphascon (Adropion) s. scoticum. 1(cid:2)Onthe 2ndpair of legs. 2(cid:2)On the4th
pair of legs. 3(cid:1)4. Diphascon (Adropion) s. qinlingensis subsp. nov. 3(cid:2)Onthe 2ndpair of legs. 4(cid:2)On the4th
pair of legs.
Table 1. Dimensions (in (cid:1)m) of some structures of D. one between the internal diploclaw and the external
(Adropion) s. qinlingensis subsp. nov.* diploclaw, arranged transversely, another arranged
Individual Individual obliquely ontheinternalside of theinternaldiploclaw.
No(cid:2) 1 No(cid:2) 2
The two diploclaws on each leg very different from
Bodylength 214(cid:2)0 221(cid:2)9
each other in size, but not in shape, the principal
Buccal tubelength 20(cid:2)9
Buccal tubewidth 4(cid:2)7 branch long and slender, with small accessory points
pt* 22(cid:2)5 near the tip of the principal branch. The common
Styletsupportspt 75(cid:2)0
basal partremarkably constricted (Figs(cid:2)3(cid:1)4).
Placoidrow+ microplacoid 27(cid:2)4
pt 131(cid:2)3 Eggs laid in the exuvia (Fig(cid:2)6). Eight eggs in a
Firstmacroplacoid 7(cid:2)3 batch. The diameter of the eggs is 41 (cid:1)m to 46(cid:1)m.
pt 35(cid:2)0
Eggs round or oval. Thesurface of the egg smooth. In
Secondmacroplacoid 6(cid:2)5
pt 31(cid:2)3 Mt. Qinling areas, this species laid eggs in late
Thirdmacorplacoid 9(cid:2)1 spring. The exuvia full of water, and the wall of it
pt 43(cid:2)8
highly keratinized.
Microplacoid 2(cid:2)6
pt 12(cid:2)5 Remarks. The main characters, such as the habi(cid:1)
Firspair of legs tus, measurements, buccal apparatus and claws, espe(cid:1)
Internalclaw length Primarybranch 13(cid:2)1 10(cid:2)4
cially the buccal apparatus and the main characters of
Secondbranch 7(cid:2)8 7(cid:2)8
the claws, of the specimens are consistent with D.
External clawlength Primarybranch 18(cid:2)3 15(cid:2)7
Secondbranch 9(cid:2)1 10(cid:2)4 (Adropion ) scoticum , but differs markedly from other
Secondpair of legs species (15 species) of subgenus Adropion by bucco(cid:1)
Internalclaw length Primarybranch 15(cid:2)7 10(cid:2)4
pharyngeal tube, or by placioids, or by the cuticular
Secondbranch 9(cid:2)1 7(cid:2)8
External clawlength Primarybranch 20(cid:2)9 15(cid:2)7 bars near the base of the claws. Undoubtedly, these
Secondbranch 10(cid:2)4 10(cid:2)4
twospecimens belongtoD. (Adropion ) scoticum . D.
Thirdpair oflegs
(Adropion ) scoticum is a species with wide distribu(cid:1)
Internalclaw length Primarybranch 15(cid:2)7 10(cid:2)4
Secondbranch 10(cid:2)4 7(cid:2)8 tion. Itwas not reportedfromChina before. The spec(cid:1)
External clawlength Primarybranch 18(cid:2)3 15(cid:2)7 imens collected from Mt. Qinling are new to the
Secondbranch 10(cid:2)4 10(cid:2)4
Chinese records. Our specimens remarkably differs
Fourthpair oflegs
Anterior clawlength Primarybranch 13(cid:2)1 10(cid:2)4 fromthespecimenscollectedfromother localitiesin the
Secondbranch 10(cid:2)4 7(cid:2)8 world(Ito, 1995; Ramazzotti and Maucci, 1983) by
Posterior clawlength Primarybranch 20(cid:2)9 15(cid:2)7
the common basal part of the double claws not expan(cid:1)
Secondbranch 13(cid:2)1 10(cid:2)4
ded, but extremely constricted. Therefore our speci(cid:1)
(cid:2) (cid:2) * pt is the percentratiobetweenthe lengthof a structureandthe
lengthof buccaltubemeasuredfromthemedio(cid:1)dorsal transversal ridgeto mens represent a new subspecies of D. (Adropion )
thebaseofthepharyngeal apophyses(Pilato, 1981). (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2)
Apr., 2005 李晓晨等: 中国缓步动物门一新亚种及两新纪录种记述 311 (cid:2)
Figs(cid:2)5(cid:1)8. Diphascon (Adropion ) scoticum qinlingensis. 5. Habitus. 6. Buccalapparatus. 7. Diploclawson the4thpairof legs. 8.
Eggsin exuvia. Figs(cid:2)9(cid:1)10. R. coronifer. 9. The buccal apparatus. 10. The doubleclawsonthethird pairof legs.
scoticum. This new subspecies has no septulum as de(cid:1) nov., and the new subspecies differs from the nomi(cid:1)
scribedby some authors (Ito, 1995; Pilato, 1974b). nate subspeciesbytheconstrictedcommon basalpartof
To date, there were 2 subspecies in this species, they the double claws.
are D. s. scoticum and D. s. qinlingensis subsp. Macrobiotidae Thulin, 1928
(cid:2) (cid:2) Richtersius Pilato& Binda, 1989 Description. Yellow in colour; cuticle smooth.
Richtersius coronifer (Richters, 1903) (Figs(cid:2)9(cid:1) Buccal tubenarrow; the appendices for the styletmus(cid:1)
10) cle insertion of hook shape present on the buccal tube.
(cid:2) (cid:2)3(cid:2)12(cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) ActaZootaxonomica Sinica动物分类学报(cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) (cid:2) Vol. 30(cid:2) No. 2
Pharynxslightlyoval with 2 shortandwidemacropla(cid:1) equal in size (Table 2). Microplacoid and septulum
coids, the first macroplacoidand the second one about absent.
Table 2. Dimensions (in(cid:1)m) of some structuresof R. coronifer (Specimens fromMt. Qinling)* .
Number of structures measured Mn(cid:1)Mx Mean! SD
Bodylength 12 388(cid:2)0(cid:1)834(cid:2)2 674(cid:2)3! 66(cid:2)7
Buccal tubelength 12 54(cid:2)8(cid:1)94(cid:2)0 84(cid:2)8! 11(cid:2)2
Buccal tubewidth 12 2(cid:2)7(cid:1)5(cid:2)2 4(cid:2)57! 0(cid:2)8
pt* 12 4(cid:2)7(cid:1)5(cid:2)9 5(cid:2)4! 0(cid:2)6
Styletsupportspt 12 66(cid:2)2(cid:1)72(cid:2)1 69(cid:2)7! 1(cid:2)8
Placoidrow 12 10(cid:2)4(cid:1)20(cid:2)9 17(cid:2)1! 2(cid:2)6
pt 12 19(cid:2)1(cid:1)22(cid:2)9 20(cid:2)2! 1(cid:2)0
Firstmacroplacoid 12 5(cid:2)2(cid:1)8(cid:2)4 7(cid:2)6! 0(cid:2)9
pt 12 8(cid:2)3(cid:1)10(cid:2)0 9(cid:2)0! 0(cid:2)5
Secondmacroplacoid 12 5(cid:2)2(cid:1)9(cid:2)4 7(cid:2)6! 1(cid:2)2
pt 12 7(cid:2)1(cid:1)10(cid:2)6 9(cid:2)0! 0(cid:2)9
Firspair of legs
(cid:2) Internalclawlength Primarybranch 12 15(cid:2)7(cid:1)31(cid:2)3 25(cid:2)7! 4(cid:2)7
Secondbranch 12 7(cid:2)8(cid:1)19(cid:2)6 16(cid:2)4! 3(cid:2)3
(cid:2) External clawlength Primarybranch 12 15(cid:2)7(cid:1)31(cid:2)3 25(cid:2)7! 4(cid:2)7
Secondbranch 12 7(cid:2)8(cid:1)19(cid:2)6 16(cid:2)4! 3(cid:2)3
Secondpair of legs
(cid:2) Internalclawlength Primarybranch 12 15(cid:2)7(cid:1)31(cid:2)3 25(cid:2)7! 4(cid:2)7
Secondbranch 12 7(cid:2)8(cid:1)19(cid:2)6 16(cid:2)4! 3(cid:2)3
(cid:2) External clawlength Primarybranch 12 15(cid:2)7(cid:1)31(cid:2)3 25(cid:2)7! 4(cid:2)7
Secondbranch 12 7(cid:2)8(cid:1)19(cid:2)6 16(cid:2)4! 3(cid:2)3
Thirdpair oflegs
(cid:2) Internalclawlength Primarybranch 12 15(cid:2)7(cid:1)31(cid:2)3 25(cid:2)7! 4(cid:2)7
Secondbranch 12 7(cid:2)8(cid:1)19(cid:2)6 16(cid:2)4! 3(cid:2)3
(cid:2) External clawlength Primarybranch 12 15(cid:2)7(cid:1)31(cid:2)3 25(cid:2)7! 4(cid:2)7
Secondbranch 12 7(cid:2)8(cid:1)19(cid:2)6 16(cid:2)4! 3(cid:2)3
Fourthpair oflegs
(cid:2) Anterior clawlength Primarybranch 12 18(cid:2)3(cid:1)36(cid:2)5 29(cid:2)2! 5(cid:2)2
Secondbranch 12 10(cid:2)4(cid:1)23(cid:2)5 18(cid:2)9! 3(cid:2)7
(cid:2) Posterior clawlength Primarybranch 12 18(cid:2)3(cid:1) 36(cid:2)5 29(cid:2)2! 5(cid:2)2
Secondbranch 12 10(cid:2)4(cid:1)23(cid:2)5 18(cid:2)9! 3(cid:2)7
(cid:2) (cid:2) Mn= minimum, Mx= maximum, SD= standarddeviation. * ptisthepercentratiobetweenthelengthofastructureandthelengthofbuccal tube
measuredfromthemedio(cid:1)dorsal transversal ridgetothebaseofthepharyngealapophyses (Pilato, 1981).
(cid:2) (cid:2) The median crest of muscle insertionon thebuccal with Richtersius (Pilato and Binda, 1989). Richter(cid:1)
tube with a strongly corrugated margin, which both sius contains only one species. This genus differs from
dorsally and ventrallyforms anobvious rounded hook, Macrobiotus and Adorybiotus mainly by large dentate
theventral one markedlylarger. lunulae andwell(cid:1)developedstyletfurcaewith posterior(cid:1)
Diploclaw of the hufelandi type. 2 strong acces(cid:1) lateral process divergent. This species has never been
sory points present on the primary branch, and the reported fromChina before. The thickness of the buc(cid:1)
primary branch longer thanthe secondary; this species cal tube wall near thesite where thestyletsupports at(cid:1)
characterized by the enormous dentate lunule, which tach in the specimens collected from Mt. Qinling in
exists at the base of each doubleclaw and which bears mostspecimens isover 2(cid:2)5(cid:1)m. No such character was
about 12 teeth; the lunule of the fourth pair of legs mentioned in thedescriptions of the specimens collected
moredeveloped (Figs(cid:2)9(cid:1)10). fromother localities in the world. If it is true, then
Remarks. Richtersius coronifer was first reported specimens from Mt. Qinling probablyrepresent a new
from Norway and Spitsbergen Island in 1903. It is a subspecies of Richtersius coronifer.
fairly common species, and was found in many Euro(cid:1)
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中国缓步动物门一新亚种及两新纪录种记述
李晓晨(cid:2) 刘(cid:2) 莹
陕西师范大学生命科学学院(cid:2) 西安(cid:2) 710062
摘(cid:2) 要(cid:2) 报道了我国缓步动物门1新亚种Diphascon (Adropi(cid:1) 和 Diphascon scoticum Murray, 1905 (Eutardigrada, Hypsibi(cid:1)
on ) scoticum qinlingensis subsp. nov. 和中国2新纪录Richter(cid:1) idae)。新亚种主要以爪的主枝基部极度收缩区别于世界其他
sius coronifer (Richters, 1903) (Eutardigrada, Macrobiotidae) 产地的标本 (指名亚种)。新亚种和新纪录均采自秦岭山区。
关键词(cid:2) 缓步动物门, 新亚种, 新纪录, 中国.
中图分类号(cid:2) Q959(cid:2)16